IOSR-JAVS   Volume-7 ~ Issue-7 ~ JULY-2014

ABSTRACT: Several insect and non insect pests attack the mango at several stages of bearing. Red banded caterpillar or Autocharis albizonalis Hampson was the minor pest of mango but very recently emerged as a serious pest all over the world. The larval instars were the most destructive stage of this pest. They were characterised by the red and white alternate bands on the body. Pupation occurred in the dry twigs of the braches or in soil inside a brownish cocoon.This pest attacked the mango fruit from the pea sized till the maturity of the fruit causing boring of the fruits through several tunnels by the larvae. The matured instar larvae reached the seed yet to harden and tunnelled them, excreted inside and exposed the fruits to the secondary infestation by micropathogens. The review paper presents all the work that had been done till date about the life cycle and symptoms of attack of the concerned pest

Keywords: larval instar, life cycle mango, micropathogens, red banded caterpillar

[1]. Anonymous (2007), Surveillance of different mango pests and their natural enemies during 2003-2004 and 2004-2005. In: Ann , Report All India Coordinated Research Project on Sub Tropical Fruits, B.C.K.V. Mohanpur centre.
[2]. Asati, B.S.; Sarnaik , D.A. ; Thakur , B.S.; Rai , N.(2004). Correlation studies in round fruited brinjal against fruit borer ( Leucinodes orbonalisGuen). Progressive- Horticulture 36(1): 132-134.
[3]. Banerjee, M.K.;Kalloo (1989). Role of phenols in resistance to tomato leaf curl virus, fusarium wilt and fruit borer in Lycopersicon Current- Science. 58(10):575-576
[4]. Bhumannavar BS, Jacob TK (1989) Psoraleococcus nr. multipori (Morrison) on mango on an Andaman island. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 37, 134.
[5]. Bhumannavar, BS (1991a) Record of Citripestis eutraphera (Meyrick) (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) on Mangifera andamanica in India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 88, 299.

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to establish the factors influencing the development of farm forestry in Lugari Division, Western Kenya. Data was collected between December 2007 to January 2008. Structured questionnaires/schedules, key informant interviewing, and secondary sources of data were used to collect data. All collected data were entered in SPSS 13.5 to facilitate statistical analysis using descriptive statistics such as frequency distributions and cross tabulations. Significant differences between expected and observed attributes were analyzed by non-parametric Chi-square tests. Farm sizes, species preferences, end use of tree products, access to and availability of preferred germplasm and planting materials, availability of resources for raising seedlings, access to extension services, and marketing constraints as well as biological and technical factors such as diseases, pests and planting methodologies were established as important factors influencing farm forestry and tree planting in general, in the division. This study has also demonstrated that farm forestry can be a useful tool for enhancing the livelihoods of many people and contributing to rural development in Lugari, and can be readily adopted if identified challenges can be comprehensively addressed. It is recommended that tree propagation techniques and distribution networks should be developed to enable affordable access to a wide range of appropriate germplasm. Small scale farmers should be assisted, through extension services, to manage and enhance the value of their tree crops. Institutional support through incentives such as credits, subsidies, technical support and creation of market opportunities including forest policy and legislation sensitization and implementation would boost farm forestry activities in Lugari.

Key words: Farm Forestry; Livelihoods; Rural development; Lugari District

[1]. Argwings-Kodhek, G., T. Jayne, G, Nyambane, T. Awuor, and T. Yamano. (1999). How can micro-level household information make a difference for agricultural policy making?
[2]. Cheboiwo, J. K. (2004). Economic and Non-Economic Determinants of Farm Forestry Development in Western Kenya: A Case of Uasin Gishu and Vihiga. D. Phil. Thesis, Moi University, Kenya.
[3]. Dewolf, J. and R. Rommelse. (2000). Improved fallow technology in western Kenya: Potential and reception by farmers. Unpublished Mimeo
[4]. Evans J. (2007). Overview of tree planting on small farms in the tropics. Proceedings of an international workshop held in Nov 25 1987 in Pattya, Thailand
[5]. FAO (1990). Forestry resource assessment reports.

ABSTRACT: This study examined the effects of demographic factors on plantain production in Edo State, using Ovia Northeast Local Government Area as a case study. Primary data were collected with a multistage sampling procedure. Ten (10) plantain farming communities (Utese, Uhen, Egbeta, Ogbese, Okada, Iguomo, Aghanokpe, Ugbuwe, Ofunwengbe and Ugboke) were purposely selected and fifteen (15) plantain farmers were selected randomly from the communities to get a total of one hundred and fifty (150) respondents. Data were analysed using descriptive and regression statistics.

[1]. Baruwa, O.I., Masuku, M.B. and Alimis, T. (2011). Economic analysis of plantain production in Derived Savannah Zone of Osun State, Nigeria. Agricultural Economic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, ObafemiAwolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State asian Journal of Agricultural Science 2(5)401-407
[2]. Bayeri K.P. (1996): Characterization, Correlation path analysis and selection indices of Musa genotype under nuclear different conditions. University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Pp 1-8
[3]. Banmeke, T. O. A. and Omoregbee (2009) Farmers' Perception of the Factors Militating Against Rubber Production in Edo and Delta States of Nigeria. Intern. Journal of Agricultural Economics & Rural Development2(2) Pp 33 - 39
[4]. FAO Agrostat Database (2004) Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, production year book. FAO, Rome.
[5]. Idachaba, F.S. (1995) Food policy in Nigeria towards a framework analysis Agricultural research bulletin in Vol. 77 (1).

ABSTRACT: Gladiolus (Gladiolus floribundus L.) is a bulbous ornamental plant belongs to family Iridaceae. It is an elegant cut flower grown for its magnificent spikes. The estimates of heritability varied from 99.5% to 61.1%. The highest heritability estimates in broad sense was observed for the characters vase life (99.5%) and lowest for height at 30 days after planting. Expected genetic advance expressed as per cent of mean ranged from 18.59% to 144.78%.The highest of genetic advance as percentage of mean was recorded for number of cormels per plant (144.78%) and lowest for height at 30 days after planting (18.59%). High genetic advance in percentage of mean coupled with high heritability was recorded for the characters number of sprouts, number of spikes per plant, length of spike, vase life, weight of corms per plant, weight of cormels per plant, number of corms per plant, number of cormels per plant provide greater scope for further improvement of these traits in advance generations.

[1]. Burton, G.W. (1952).Quantitative inheritance in grasses. Proc. 6th Int. Grasslands Cong. J., 1:227-283.
[2]. Burton, G.W. and De Vane, E.H. (1953). Estimating heritability in tall fescue (Fistvea arundiancea) from replicated clonal material. Agr. J., 45: 284-291.
[3]. Grafius, E.J. (1964 b). A genmetry for plant breeding, Crop Sci.. 4: 241-246.
[4]. Hamson, G.H., Robinson, H.F. and Comstock, R.E. (1956). Biometrica studies of yield in segregating population of Korean lespedeza. Agro. J. 40:260-672.
[5]. Johnson, H.W.; Robinson, H.F. and Comstock, R.E. (1955). Estimates of genetic and environmental variability in soybean. Agron. J., 47: 274-318.

ABSTRACT: A field experiment was conducted to study the "Effect of organics on growth yield and biochemical parameters in chilli (Capsicum annum L.) cv: Suryamukhi at Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences during rabi, 2012-13. The experiment was laid out in RBD with three organic source and their combinations. The RDF kept as control.

[1]. Anonymous( 2008)Area and Production Statistics of Arecanut and Spices, Directorate of Arecanut and Spices Development, Calicut, Kerala, pp. 1-110
[2]. Anonymous(2005).Chilli exports touch all time high. www.thehindubusinessline.com.
[3]. Anonymous (2001). Chilli research and development in India: A Status Report, Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut, pp.1-6.
[4]. Lichtenthaler, HK and AR Wellburn (1983) Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents. Biochemical Society Transactions 11: 591 - 592.
[5]. Lowry, O.H. Rosebrough, N.J. Farr, A.L. Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein easurement with folin phenol reagent. J. Biological. Chemistry. 193: 265-275. [6]. Gomez, ka & Gomez, aa (1976) Statistical Procedures for agricultural Research with Special Emphasis on rice. Philippines, International Rice Research www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/acarology/saas/saa/abst12/saa12_15.htm

ABSTRACT: To investigate the antagonistic potentiality of Trichoderma harzianum against Fusarium oxysporum, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Sclerotium rolfsii. Dual culture technique was followed to evaluate the effect of antagonist. The inhibition percentage of Trichoderma harzianum was substantially affected and differed significantly (p<0.01). In case of antagonist the highest percent inhibition of Trichoderma harzianum was found 89.20% against Bipolaris sorokiniana followed by 88.69% in Fusarium oxysporum but statistically dissimilar with Sclerotium rolfsii 76.76%. In every case inhibition was more than 75%.

Key word: Trichoderma harzianum, dual- culture, soil and seed borne fungi

[1]. AmbraD, V. And Ferrata, M., 1984. Activity of Trichoderma harzianum Rifal isolate against Sclerotium rolfsii. Sacc. Rivista di Patologia Vegetale, IV, 20: 100-107.
[2]. Anonymous, 1968. Plant Pathologist's Pocket Book. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Pp: 394-395.
[3]. Aziz, N. H., El-Fouly, M. Z., El-Essawy, A. A., & Khalaf, M. A. 1997. Influence of bean seedling root exudates on the rhizosphere colonization by Trichoderma lingorum for the control of Rhizoctonia solani. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 38, 33-39.
[4]. Biles, C. L., and Hill, J. P. 1988.Effect of Trichoderma harzianum on sporulation of Cochliobolus sativus on excised wheat seedling leaves. Phytopathology 78:656 659.
[5]. Biswas, K.K. 1999. Screening of isolates of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai for their relative biocontrol efficacy against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.udum and Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences. 7: (2), 125-130

ABSTRACT: A study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of leptospirosis in animals and man in Central and Northern Kerala. Five hundred and one sera samples collected from dogs, cattle, pigs, rodents (bandicoots and rats) and human beings were serologically tested for leptospiral antibodies by Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) and Passive Haemagglutination Assay (PHA). The MAT detected a prevalence of 36.36 per cent in dogs, 47 per cent in cattle, 23.80 per cent in pigs, 21.42 per cent in rodents and 54.54 per cent in human beings. Passive Haemagglutination Assay detected a prevalence of 50.41 per cent in canine, 23 per cent in bovine, 19.04 per cent in porcine, 26.19 per cent in murine and 42.85 per cent in human sera.

[1]. S. Faine. Guidelines for the control of leptospirosis. World Health Organisation, offset publication No.67, Geneva, Switzerland. 1982. P.171
[2]. J.A.Morris, J.E.Gill and S.N. Hussaini An examination of the antibodies active in the indirect hemagglutination test for bovine leptospirosis. British Veterinary Journal.133, 1977, 17-24
[3]. A. Palit, and J. Gulasekharam. Genus specific leptospiral antigen and its possible use in laboratory diagnosis. Journal of Clinical Pathology.26,1973,7-16
[4]. N.B.Vanasco, J. Lottersberger, M.D. Sequeira and H.Tarabla. Development and validation of an ELISA for the detection of leptospire-specific antibodies in rodent..Veterinary Microbiology.82,2001,321-330
[5]. G.D.Raj, V. Jayakumar, A.Thangavelu, A. Koteeswaran and A.T.Venugopalan. Immunorheophoresis for the diagnosis of Infectious Bursal Disease. Avian Disease.42, 1998, 1087-1095
[6]. H.V.Batra, N.K. Chandiramani andU.V.Mandokhot. Prevalence of leptospirosis in farm animals in Haryana. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences. 60,1990, 755-760

ABSTRACT: Identifying the usage of C. baccifera and C. dentata in the agricultural fields at Kolli hills, Tamilnadu, India the present study was able to obtain effective degradation of commonly used pesticide endosulphan. From the experiment it was evident that use of plant along with the twigs increases the pH for chemical transformation of pesticides. Among the two species C. dentata is better effective in removing pesticides. However, use of cow dung along with two species in same quantity increases pesticide degradation to a greater extent and also increases the micro and macro nutrient concentration in the soil for a sustainable bioremediation. The present study was also able to identify that through application of C. baccifera, C. dentata and cow dung each 3 tons can convert even the pesticide polluted soil into a status of organic certification

[1]. Akipokpodion, P. E., Uloko, B., Edibo, G., 2010. Degradation and residual effect of endosulfan on soil chemical properties and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita populations in cocoa plantation in Ibadan, Nigeria. J. Applied Biosci. 26, 1640-1646.
[2]. Aktar, W., Sengupta, D., Chowdhury, A., 2009. Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: their benefits and hazards.Interdiscip. Toxicol. 2, 1-12.
[3]. Anonymous 2001. Endosulphan Fact Sheet (ToxFAQS) Agency for toxic substances and disease registry (ATSdr), US Department of health and human Services, public health Services, Division of Toxicology, Atlanta Georgia.
[4]. Awasthi. N., Ahiya, R., and Kumar, A. 2000. Factors influencing the degradation of soil applied endosulphan isomers. Soil Biol Biochem. 32. 1697-1705.
[5]. Bhanu, B. P., Devkota, B., Jyoti, U. D., 2008. Botanical pesticides on soil fertility of coffee- Orchards. J. Agri. Environ. 9, 16-28.
[6]. Coteanu, V., Palagesiu, L., Radulov, I., 2010. Preliminary research concerning the effects of insecticide treatments on some soil parameters in truck farming. Res. J. Agri. Sci. 42, 26-31.

ABSTRACT: Importance of gamma irradiation doses; zero, 15, 30 and 60 Gy, in addition to three micronutrient application methods i.e. coating, soaking and spraying , as well as micronutrient mixtures, which were control, Fe +Zn +Mn and Fe +Zn+ Mn +Mo on growth, yield and yield attributes of Faba bean cultivar Sakha 1, was investigated during 2010-2011 and 2011- 2012 seasons. The work was conducted in an experimental field at Balbees district, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The experimental farm soil was sandy texture. Recorded results showed that gamma irradiation dose of 30 Gy was the most effective, while dose of 60 Gy was the most depressive on number of nodules/ plant and day weight of nodules (mg/plant) at 50 and 75 DAS; leaf area /plant and LAI at 75 DAS; leaf content of chlorophyll A, B and carotene at 75 DAS; number of branches, Pods and seeds/ plant; Seed index as well as seeds, straw and biological yields/ fad. In view of micronutrient application methods, foliar spraying method was the most enhancing for the above-named traits followed by seed soaking method, while seed coating method was the least. Both micronutrient mixtures outbraved the control regarding the aforementioned characters; results averred that appliance of (Fe + Zn+ Mn) micronutrient mixture was more effective than application of (Fe+ Zn +Mn +Mo) micronutrient mixture, on each of growth and yield trails studied.

Key words: Gamma Irradiation Micronutrient, Faba Bean, Growth and Yield.

[1]. Al-Kaisey MT, Mohammed MA, Alwan AKH, Mohammed, MH. (2002): The effect of gamma irradiation on the viscosity of two barley cultivars for broiler chicks. Irradiation Physics and Chemistry 63: 295-297.
[2]. Bakry, B. A., T. A. Elewa, M. F. El karamany, M. S.Zeidan, M. M. Tawfik (2011): Effect of row spacing on yield and its components of some faba bean varieties under newly reclaimed sandy soil condition. World Journal of Agricultural Science 7(1): 68-72.
[3]. Abou El-Yazied, A.(2011): Growth, Biochemical Constituents and Yield of Snap Bean as Influenced by Low Gamma Irradiation Doses under Different Sowing Dates. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(11): 30-42.
[4]. Soliman, M.S.A. and M. Abd El-Hamid,(2003): Certain physiological, biological and molecular aspects of kidney bean plants originating from gamma-irradiated seeds during seed germination and plant development, Egypt. J. Rad. Sci. Applic., 16(1): 189-211.
[5]. El-Fouly, M.M., Z.M. Mobarak and Z.A. Salama, (2011).Micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn) foliar spray for increasing salinity tolerance in wheat Triticumaestivum L. African Journal of Plant Science. 5(5): 314-322.