IOSR-JAVS   Volume-7 ~ Issue-7 ~ JULY-2014

ABSTRACT: Field experiments were conducted during kharif 2010 and 2011 seasons to ascertain the effect of various traditional cultural practices for the management of blast disease of rice (variety RCM10). Cultural practices viz. sowing method, sowing dates and weeding frequencies were considered. Among the treatments, timely transplanting reduces the disease parameters such as disease incidence, disease severity, AUDPC and rate of infection as compared to broadcasting method. However, no significant effect of seed sowing method was observed. Clean cultivation with three or more weeding showed relatively less disease parameters.
Index Terms: Blast, rice, broadcasting, transplantation, sowing date, weeding, traditional.

[1] Dubey S.C. (2004). Influence of sowing time and Environment on Rice Blast in Jharkhand. J. Mycol. Pl. Pathol. 34(2): 380-382.

[2] Katan, Jacov (2000) Proc. Indian Phytopathol. Soc. Golden Jubilee. International Conference on Integrated Plant Disease Management for sustainable Agriculture 1: 218-219.

[3] Mayee C.D. and Datar V.V. (1996). Phytopathometry. Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani. pp.218 .

[4] Shaner G. and Finney R.E. (1977). The effect of nitrogen fertilization on expression of slow mildew resistant to knox wheat. Phytopathol 67: 1051-1056.

[5] R.S. Singh (2005). Plant Disease (8th edition). Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, pp. 444.

[6] Thingujam Nagendra Raj and Chhetry G.K.N. (2003). Effect of traditional agronomic practices in the management of blast disease of rainfed upland rice under jhumland eco-system in Manipur hills. J. Basic Appl. Mycol. 2(1): 37-39.

ABSTRACT: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pre-treatments (Control sample, Hot waterblanched sample and Citric acid blanched sample), power of microwave oven (40W, 60W and 80W) and time on banana chips. To evaluate the effect of above mentioned parameters, chemical evaluation such as moisture content, fat content and ash content were carried out. Physical parameter such as blemish count was undertaken. Shrinkage in diameter and thickness of banana chips with respect to time of drying and power of microwave oven was also studied. Sensory analysis for colour, taste, texture, flavour, appearance and overall acceptability was carried out according to the 9 point hedonic scale. The results showed that, the moisture loss from banana chips increased with increase in power of microwave oven and time of drying. More fat was lost with increase in power of microwave oven. Citric acid blanched sample showed more fat loss. There was no particular pattern for ash content found for any of the above mentioned treatments. The shrinkage of diameter and thickness of banana chips increased with increase in power of microwave oven and time of drying. Blemishes in banana chips increased with the increase in power of microwave oven. According to the overall sensory scores; banana chips prepared at 60W of microwave power and by hot water blanched pre-treatment was the favorite among the panelists.

Key words: pre-treatments, microwave oven power.

[1]. Abano. E.E. (2010) Assessment of drying characteristics and physico-organoleptic properties of dried pineapple chips under different pre-treatments, Asian journal of Agricultural research 4 (3): 151-161
[2]. Abano E. E. and Sam-Amoah L. K. (2011) Effects of different pre-treatments on drying characteristics of banana slices, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, No. 3, March 2011
[3]. Adeyemi O. S. and Oladiji A. T ( 2009) Compositional changes in banana (Musa ssp.) fruits during ripening, African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 8 (5), pp. 858-859, 6 March, 2009
[4]. Adom K.K., Dzogbefia V. P. and Ellis W. O. (1999) Combined Effect of Drying Time and Slice Thickness on the Solar Drying of Okra Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Volume 73, Issue 3, pages 315–320, March 1997
[5]. Agunbiade S.O., Olanlokun J.O. and Olaofe O.A. (2006) Quality of Chips Produced from Rehydrated Dehydrated Plantain and Banana Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 5 (5):471-473, 2006 ISSN 1680-5194 © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006 471

ABSTRACT: Two spotted spider mites (TSM)is an incident pest problem in Kenyan roses cultivators due to the climatic conditions. Paradigm shift from chemical to bio pesticide is at most important in order to reduce the threat to the environment and human health. This research is aimed to confirm the potency of contact botanical pesticide to be used as bio control againstspider mite at Kenyanagro climatic zone. Commercially available and proven chemical pesticides were used to access the efficacy of this botanical pesticide. M Impact, a botanical pesticide was analyzed for its effect on two spotted spider mites at field level on one acre one green houseand its effect was compared with the available chemical pesticides. M impact was found to be most effective in terms of its period of action and potency against two spotted mites, while other chemical miticides showed delayed effect due to their different mode of action. Keywords: Rose, Kenya, M impact, Two spotted mite

[1] Dupont, L.M.,On gene flow between Tetranychusurticae Koch, 1836 and cinnabarinus (Boisduval) Boudreau, (Acari: Tetranychidae): synonymy between the two species. Entomol. Exp. Appl., 1979, 25:297-303.
[2] McMurtry J and Croft B Lyfe styles of phytoseiid mites and their roles in biological control, Annual Review of Entomology 1997 42, 291-321
[3] Dubey N, RavindraShukla, Ashok kumar, BhanuPrakash, Prospects of botanical pesticides in sustainable agriculture, Current Science, 98 ( 4), 2010. 479-480
[4] Jacobson R, Croft P,Fenlon J., Response to fenbutatin oxide in populations of Tetranychusurticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) in UK protected crops Crop Protection, 18 (1), 1999, 47-52
[5] Cote, K., Lewis E, and Shultz P. Compatibility of acaricide residues with Phytoseiuluspersimilis and their effects on Tetranychusurticae. Horticulture Science37(6)2002, 906-909.

ABSTRACT: The study was undertaken to assess the technical efficiency of yam production efficiency in Ukum Local Government Area, Benue State. Primary data were collected from one hundred and one (101) yam farmers. Descriptive statistics, profitability (gross margin) analysis, stochastic frontier and student t-test were used as analytical tools. The result identified the most popular cultivar (68%) as white yam (Diosocrea rotundata) and majority (81.2%) grow local variety. The cost and returns analysis shows that yam production was profitable in the study area with the mean gross income of N318, 960.4 and a mean gross margin of about N3550.4/hectare with the capital turnover ratio of 6.86. The result of resource use shows that yam farmers in the study area were over-utilizing their resources. This implies that a proportionate increased in variable inputs would result in less than a proportionate increased in output level of yam (decreasing marginal returns to scale). The attainment of the average technical efficiency of 57% indicated that the technical efficiency of the farmers could be increased by 43% through efficient use of available resources. The result suggests that farmers could increase output through more intensive and efficient use of available resources (land, labour, seed yam, fertilizers and other inputs) given the current state of technology. The study also identified common problems of yam production in the study area as pests, inadequate storage facilities, inadequate improved varieties of yam, land tenure and high cost of inputs; of which pest constitute the greatest problem (93.1%) of yam production in the study area. Procurements of farm inputs (improved seed yam, pesticides, herbicides, fertilizer) by the Government, involvement of NGOs in provision and dissemination of adequate improved practices, storage facilities and technical research were therefore recommended.

[1]. Adejumolu, T.T. (2006). Resource use efficiency in yam-based cropping system in Ekiti State of Nigeria. An Undergraduate project Submitted to the Department of Agric. Economics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria.
[2]. Amaza, P.S. Maurice, D.C. (2005). "Identification of factors that influence Technical Efficiency in Rice-Based Production System in Nigeria" Paper presented at workshop of policies and Strategies for promoting Rice Production and food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa, Cotonou, Benin Republic, and November 7-9, 2005.
[3]. Amegbeto, K. and Asiedu, R. (2000). Improvement of Yam Based Production System. IITA project 5: 1-4.
[4]. Asomugba, G.N. and Ujoku, M.E (2007). Mini set Techniques of Seed Yam Production in two major Yam producing States in Nigeria.
[5]. Ayinde, I.A., Okuneye, P.A., Aromolara B.A., and Momoli (2005). Insecticide use efficiency in Cowpea Production in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development 2(1): 59-44.

ABSTRACT: A total of 100 suspected chicken lung tissues and 80 environmental samples including litter, feed, water and air (20 samples of each) were collected from different private chicken farms at kalyoubia Governorate, Moreover 30 sputum and 30 blood serum samples were collected from occupationally human contacts with these farms and with chronic respiratory disease. All samples except serum were examined mycologically but serum samples were serologically examined by ELISA. The percentage of Aspergillus species was 24%,55%,55%,10%,50 % and 23.3% in lung tissues, feed, litter, water, air and human sputum respectively. Almost all Aspergillus species isolated from lung tissues of chickens were also recovered from environmental samples and human sputum samples but Aspergillus fumigatus was the predominant and the most pathogenic fungus isolated from all samples followed by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. The occurrence of infection was high in hot and humid seasons and was considerably high in chickens reared on saw dust litter as compared to rice husk litter. Regarding to human beings,Aspergilli were isolated from all age groups but the majority of infection exists among the 20-40 years group (26.7%) but it was nearly equal in both males (23.5%) and females (23.1%) and higher in farm workers (29.4%) than in farm owners and veterinarians. Aspergillus fumigatus was detected in sputum samples with 13.3% but in blood serum samples by using ELISA IgG, it was 10%. The zoonotic importance of Aspergillosis as occupationally disease among poultry farm workers as well as the suggested hygienic measures were discussed to decrease its transmission to humans.

Keywords: Epidemiology, Aspergillosis , Chicken farms , Human Contacts ,Egypt

[1]. D. Biswas, S. Agarwal, G. Sindhwani,and J. Rawat,Fungal colonization in patients with chronic respiratory diseases from Himalayan region of India, Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 9(28), 2010,1-7.
[2]. Z. Xiao-dong, H. Xiao-peng, Y. Hang, W. Wei, Z.Xin, M. Lin-lin, et al, Aspergillus pneumonia in renal transplant recipients, Chinese Medical Journal ,121(9), 2008,791-94.
[3]. C. Milos,V.Kapetanov, andV.Dubravka ,Investigation of dissemination of Aspergillosis in poultry and possible control measures Proc.Nat. Sci, Matica Srpska Novi Sad (120),2011,267-276.
[4]. K.Dhama, S.Chakraborty, A.K.Verma, R.Tiwari, R. Barathidasan, A.Kumar, and S.D. Singh,Fungal mycotic diseases of poultry. Diagnosis,Treatment and Control ,Areview.Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2013, 1-15.
[5]. K.R.Dhama, R.Barathidasan,R.Tiwari,and S.D. Singh, Aspergillosis, An important fungal disease of poultry and other birds, Poult, World,( 9),2012,7-9.

ABSTRACT: The Suppurative prostatitis can arise at any age, but is more common in older dogs with benign prostatic hyparplasia, and uncommon in castrated dogs due to prostatic atrophy. The present case was Suppurative prostatitis in a German shepherd. A detailed clinical examination including per rectal digital examination of prostate, prostatic fluid cytology, clinic- haemato - biochemical evaluation and ultrasonography were carried out. Prostatic fluid cytology revealed presence of toxic neutrophills. Ultrasonographic examination of prostate revealed multifocal anechoic and hyperechoic areas in the prostatic parenchyma and both the kidneys were small, irregular with indistinct corticomedullary junction. Based on the above diagnostic techniques the condition was diagnosed as suppurative prostatitis. The increased serum creatinine value and ultarsonograaphic evaluation of kidneys revealed the presence of secondary renal failure. The case was not responded to the treatment and succumbed due to advanced renal failure.

Keywords: suppurative prostatitis, E. coli, toxic neutrophils, irregular prostatic capsule, renal failure

[1]. Ling G.V., Branam J.E., Ruby A.L., Johnson D.L. (1983): Canine prostatic fluid: Techniques of collection, quantitative bacterial culture, and interpretation of results. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 183, 201–206.
[2]. Paclikova, K., Kohout, P. and Vlasin, M., 2006. Diagnostic possibilities in the management of canine prostatic disorders, Veterinarni Medicina, 51, 1: 1–13
[3]. Dhanya M. 2004. Pathology of the prostate gland in dogs. M.V.Sc. thesis, Kerala Agricultural University, Mannuthy Thrissur, 87p
[4]. Krawiek, D.R. and Heflin, D., 1992. Study of prostatic diseases in dogs: 177 cases (1981-1986). J Am Vet Med Assoc, 200:1119.
[5]. Dorfman, M. and Barsanti, J.A., 1995. CVT Update: Treatment of canine bacterial prostatitis, In: Bonagura JD, Kirk, R.W. (ed.), Current Veterinary Therapy XII, WB Saunders, Philadelphia PA, 1029-1032.
[6]. Johnston, S.D., Kamolpatana, K., Kustritz, M.V.R. and Johnston, G.R., 2000. Prostatic disorders in the dog, Ani Reprod. Sci, 60-61, 405- 415.

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted with the objective to determine the effects of Gibberellic acid (GA3) on growth, fruit yield and quality of tomato. The experiment consisted of one tomato variety- Golden, and six treatments with five levels of gibberellic acid (GA3- 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm, 40 ppm and 50 ppm), arranged in randomized block design with three replications. The highest plant height, Number of leaves, Number of fruits, Fresh fruit weight has been observed and ascorbic acid, total soluble solid (TSS) was estimated for GA3 50 ppm.

Key Words: Tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., GA3 spray, ppm, growth, yield.

[1]. Adlakha P.A., and Verma S.K., 1964, Effect ofgibberellic acid on the quality of tomato fruit. The Panjab Hort. J., 4(3-4): 148-151.
[2]. Chaudhary B. R., Sharma M. D., Shakya S. M. and Gautam D. M., 2006, Effect of plant growth regulators on growth, yield and quality of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) at rampur, chitwan. J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:65-68.
[3]. Davies P.J., 1995, Plant Hormones, Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht

[4]. Gabal G.M., Oben G. and Garcell R., 1999. Effect of GA on morph physiological characters and yield of kidney beans (Phaseiolus valgaris). J. Agron. Crop. Sci., 160(2): 91-101.
[5]. Gelmesa Dandena, Bekele Abebie and Lemma Desalegn. 2012. Regulation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit setting and earliness by gibberellic acid and 2,4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid application. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(51):11200-11206.

ABSTRACT: Pepper fruits grown in traditional farms of Rivers State, Nigeria showed lower infestations of dipterous pests both at dry and rainy seasons than those grown at mono-crop farms [students' t -test, P< 0.05]. Abscission of pepper fruits was significantly higher in Nsukka Yellow variety than other varieties sampled. Generally both infestation and abscission were significantly higher in Capsicum annum than in C. frutescens which showed the lowest infestation and subsequent abscission in both seasons. The relationship between depths of cuticle cracks on pepper fruits and number of eggs laid showed a positive correlation [r=0.71]. A strong correlation also existed between number of larvae and percentage fruit loss [r=0.88].

Keywords: Abscission, pepper fruits, fruit flies, traditional, mono crop farms, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

[1]. Armitage, A. M,, Heins, R., Dean, S. and Carlson, W [1980]. Factors influencing flower petal abscission in seed-propagated Geranium. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 106, 662-4.
[2]. Beyer, F, M. Jr and Morgan, P.W. [1971]. Abscission: the role of ethylene-modification of auxin transport. Plant Physiol. 48: 208-212.
[3]. Brown D.E., A.M. Rashotte, A.S. Murphy, J. Normanly, B.W. Tague, W.A. Peer, L. Taiz, and G.K. Muday. [2001]. Flavonoids act as negative regulators of auxin transport in vivo in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 126:524–535.
[4]. Dorais , M., Padopolous, A. P. and Gosselin, A. [2001]. Influence ofelectric conductivity management on greenhouse tomato yield and fruit quality. Agronomie 21: 367-383.
[5]. Dorais, M., Papadopolous, A.P. and Gosselin, A. [2010]. Greenhouse Tomato Fruit Quality in Horticultual Reviews, Vol. [ed J. Janick] John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Oxford, U. K.

ABSTRACT: A study laid out in a randomized complete block design was used to determine the agronomic performance of Dominican cattail (Typha domingensis) as influenced by poultry manure and NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer application. The fertilizer was applied to supply 200kgN/ha. Data on plant height, number of tillers/ stand, number of leaves /tiller and biomass yield was collected at 4th , 8th and 12th week of fertilizer application. Biomass yield was significantly (P<0.05) affected by the type of fertilizer applied with the highest value recorded in NPK based plots at 4th and 8th week(277g and 1385.33g respectively) but week 12 showed the highest value in poultry based plot(1802.00g). Plant height was observed to follow the same trend as biomass yield with the highest value observed in NPK based plot at eek 4 and 8( 131.53 and 182.93cm respectively. However effects of type of fertilizer application were not observed on tiller numbers in this study. Cattail plant being a hydrophyte could thus be able to reduce the effect of forage scarcity during off season periods

[1]. Aderinola, O.A, Akinlade, J. A., Akingbade A.A and Asaolu, V.A. (2010), Proximate composition of Andropogon tectorum as influenced by varied inter row spacing of Lablab purpureus during a minor wet season in the derived savannah zone of Nigeria, Proceeding of the 44th Annual Conference of Agricultural Society of Nigeria, 18-22 October, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. pp 733-736.
[2]. Aderinola, O.A, Akinlade, J.A., Akingbade, A.A, Rafiu, A., Olabanji, R.O. and Akinwumi, A.O. (2007). Agronomic performance of Andropogon tectorum planted with varying inter-sown spacing of Stylosanthes hamata during a water stress period. Proceeding of 32nd Annual Conference of Nigeria society of Animal Production, 18-21 March, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross-river state, Nigeria. pp 210-212.
[3]. AES (1998) agricultural Experimental Station of North Central Region of America.
[4]. Akingbade, A.A., Aderinola, O.A. and Asaolu, V.O. (2009). Forage management. Amstrong Plus Commmunications, 48, Nitel Road, Takie, Ogbomoso. pp 85. ISBN: 978-2902-08-2.
[5]. Akingbade, A.A, Akinlade, J.A. and Aderinola, O.A. (2006), Basic concepts in pasture science, Positive press, Opposite Union Bank, Iwo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria. pp 84. ISBN: 978-37813-8-3

ABSTRACT: Objectives of the research were (1) to study the effect of planting time and density of corns on the growth and the yield of taro, which is grown in intercropping system, and (2) to determine the right planting time and appropriate density of corn in order to obtain optimal growth and yield of taro in intercropping system. Research in the field was conducted at Landungsari Village, Malang from September 2012 to July 2013. The research used a Split Plots Design by placing the planting time of corn as the main plot, which comprised of 3 levels, such as : (1) the corn was grown 30 days earlier before the taro, (2) the corn and the taro were grown simultaneously, and (3) the corn was grown 30 days later after planting the taro. The plant density was placed as the son plot, which includes 3 types: (1) 15,000 plants ha-1, (2) 29,000 plants ha-1, and (3) 43,000 plants ha-1. The treatments have been done by 3 replications. Results of the research showed that the appropriate time of planting corn in intercrop system with taro was growing both crops simultaneously, and they have produced taro tubers for about 13.51 tons ha-1 or 30 days after planting, the yield of taro tubers were 14.12 tons ha-1, so that they produced higher yield of taro. Meanwhile, for the corn density of 15,000 plants ha-1 have produced the highest yield of taro, 16.13 tons ha-1.

Keywords: Planting time, Density level, Corn (Zea mays L.) and Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var. Antiquorum

[1]. Ara, W, M.K. Bashar, S Beghum and S.S. Kakon. 2007. Effect of Spacing and Stem Pruning and Growth and Yield of Tomato. Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 2(3) : 35-39
[2]. Bomford, K. 2004. Yield, Pest Density, and Tomato Flavor Effects of Companion Planting in Garden-Scale Studies Incorporating Tomato, Basil and Brussels Sprout. Davis College of Agriculture, Forestry and Consumer Sciences at West Virginia University
[3]. Finlay, R.C. 1974. Intercropping Soybeans With Cereals. Regional Soybeans Conference. p. 14-17
[4]. Gliessmen,S.R. 2006. Agroecology Ecological Processes in Sustainable Agriculture. Lewis Publishers. p.213-224
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ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to utilize the invasive aquatic weed, Salvinia molesta as an unconventional and alternative plant protein source in the broiler feeding operation. A total of 100, 15 days of age Lohman strain broilers with initial mean body weight of ±773.83 g were used in this experiment. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 dietary treatments consisted of Salvinia molesta meal as follows; T0 (control diet), T1 (diet with 6% Salvinia molesta), T2 (diet with 12% Salvinia molesta) and T3 (diet with 18% Salvinia molesta) and each treatment was replicated five times with five chicks per experimental unit. Feed and water was offered ad libitum from day 15 to 42 and the chicks were vaccinated against Newcastle Disease and Gumboro at 4 and 15 days old. The parameters measured were feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio, final live weight, breast muscle and abdominal fat. The data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and F-test with the aid of statistical analytical program (SPSS, version 16) and for mean comparison Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was applied after significant treatment difference (P<0.05). Maximum mean body weight gain per bird/day (34.39 g) was achieved by chickens on control diet which was statistically significant to birds fed Salvinia molesta diets. However, chickens on diet T1 also attained a significantly higher body weight gain (28.22 g) to treatments T2 (22.30 g) and T3 (19.33 g). Better feed conversion ratio was observed with chickens fed the control (4.01) and T1 (4.85) which were similar while deteriorating feed conversion ratio was observed with T2 (6.27) and T3 (7.14) which were similar.

Key words: Broiler, invasive aquatic weed, Lohman, Salvinia molesta, unconventional protein

[1]. Amrullah, K. Nutrisi ayam broiler. Lembaga satu gunungbudi, 2004, Bogor.
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[4]. Duncan, D. B. Multiple range and F-Test. Biometrics, 11, 1955, 1-42.

[5]. Golian, A and D. V. Maurice. Dietary poultry fat and gastrointestinal transit time of feed and fat utilization in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 71(8), 1992, 1357-1363.
[6]. Gous, R. M., M. A. Kuyper, and C. Dennison. The relationship between tannic acid content and metabolizable energy concentration of some sorghum cultivars. South African Journal of Animal Science, 12, 1982, 39-44.