iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-1 ~ January. 2020

Abstract: MR imaging has become established as an important cross-sectional imaging study for the evaluation of soft tissue tumours 1,2,3,4,5,6.Compared with ultrasonography and CT, MR imaging has proved superior in defining more accurately the extent of soft tissue tumor and the relationship of the tumor to surrounding structures, making MR imaging the study of choice in evaluating large or infiltrating soft tissue lesions. .Spin echo, fat-suppressed, and gradient echo sequences are the most commonly used sequences for evaluating soft tissue masses. The T1-weighted images (short TE, short TR) provide the best contrast between tumor and fatty tissue or bone marrow and are useful in depicting the presence of fat, myxoid component or hemorrhage within a lesion. The T2-weighted sequences (long TR, long TE) provide excellent contrast between tumor and adjacent soft tissues and are useful to show lesion homogeneity and margination; extension of tumor into adjacent soft tissue, muscle, bone, neurovascular bundle, or joint.....

[1]. Marilyn J. Siegel, MD,et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of musculoskeletal soft tissue masses :Radiologic clinics of north america ,volume-39.Number-4. July 2001.
[2]. Bisset GS MR imaging of soft-tissue masses in children.MagnReson Imaging Clin North Am 4:697-719, 1996.
[3]. Kransdorf MJ, Jelinek JS, Moser RP, et al JR: Imaging of soft-tissue tumors. RadiolClin North Am 31:359-372, 1993.
[4]. Moulton JS, Blebea JS, Dunco DM, et al: MR imaging of soft-tissue masses: Diagnostic efficacy and value of distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions.AJRAm J Roentgenol 164:1191-1199, 1995.
[5]. Siegel MJ: Hematoma. In Siegel BA, Siegel MJ (eds):Body MRI Test and Syllabus. Reston, VA, American College of Radiology, 2000, pp 1-16.

Abstract: Malaria is a mosquito borne infectious disease of humans caused by parasitic protozoan belonging to genus Plasmodium, commonly by P.falciparum, P.vivax, P.ovale, P.malariae, P.knowlesi. P. falciparum & P.vivax accounts for most of the cases in India1. Malaria is a serious public health problem in many developing countries. In 2017, an estimated 219 million cases of malaria occurred worldwide with 4,35,000 death occurred from malaria globally. Most of the cases from sub- Saharan Africa and India carried almost 80% of the global malaria burden. The incidence of malaria declined globally between 2010 and 2017 from 72 to 59 cases per 1000 population at risk2. Malaria is a public health problem in India. Majority......

[1]. Kiran K D, Rajeshwara N A, D Channe G. Epidemiology, drug resistance, and pathophysiology of Plasmodium vivax malaria. J Vector Borne Dis 2018;55;
[2]. WHO world malaria report at a glance.19 November 2018
[3]. National health portal India. Nhp.gov.in/malaria day 2019_pg
[4]. Sachdev HS, Mohan M. Vivax cerebral malaria. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics.1985;31(4);213–215
[5]. Ngasala B, Mubi M, Warsame M, Petzold MG, Massele AY, Gustafsson LL, Tomson G, Premji Z, Bjorkman A. Impact of training in clinical and microscopy diagnosis of childhood malaria on anti-malarial drug prescription and health outcome at primary health care level in Tanzania: a randomized controlled trial. Malar J. 2008;7:199

Abstract: Glaucoma is one of the most common cause of blindness second only to cataract in magnitude worldwide. Unfortunately the visual loss in glaucoma cannot be restored by any known means at our present level of knowledge. Corneal transparency is essential to its role as the principal lens which refracts light entirely in the eye. This optical quality is the result of the unique and regular arrangement of the tissue elements constructing it. This transparency is maintained by the optimal function of the endothelium. The endothelium has minimal capacity to regenerate and any loss or defect in the endothelial cell layer is compensated by sliding of the adjacent cells and increase in the cell size of remaining cells. If the density of the endothelial cells comes below a critical level then the cornea starts......

[1]. Abib FC and Barreto Junior J: Behavior Of Corneal Endothelial Density Over A Life Time. J Cataract Refract Surg 2001; 27(10):1574-1578.
[2]. Aghaian E, Choe JF, Shan L, Stamper RL, : Central Corneal Thickness of Caucasians, Chinese, Hispanics Filipinos, African Americans, And Japanese In a Glaucoma Clinic. Ophthalmol 2004; 111; 2211-2129 2004 by the Am Academy of Ophthalmology.
[3]. Allingham RR, DamjiK,FreedmanS,MoroiS,Shafranov G: Shield's Textbook of Glaucoma :Lippincott Williams and Wilkins,Fifth Edition 2005: 1-5.
[4]. Argus WA, Ocular Hypertension Central Corneal Thickness. Ophthalmology 1995;102:1810-1812.
[5]. Bates AK and Cheng H: Bullous Keratopathy: A Study Of Endothelial Cell Morphology In Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery. Br J Ophthalmol. 1988; 72:409-412..

Abstract: Purpose: Febrile neutropenia is an oncological emergency that has been rarely discussed in relation to head and neck cancers in literature. Given the profile of these patients, with severe dysfunction of the upper aerodigestive tract, there are various factors that may worsen the outcomes in these patients. The purpose of this study was to study the predictors, prognostic indicators, trends and microbiological profile in these patients; so as to establish a better understanding of the disease. Methods: We conducted a case control study based on all chemotherapy cycles given in a tertiary care hospital for head and neck cancers, from 2015-2019......

Key Words: Head and neck cancer, Febrile Neutropenia, Prognostic Markers, Indicators.

[1]. Takenaka , Y., Cho, H., Yanamoto, M. et al Support Care Cancer (2013) 21: 2861
[2]. Kuderer NM, Dale DC, Crawford J, Lyman GH (2007) Impact of primary prophylaxis with granulocyte colony stimulating factor on febrile neutropenia and mortality in adult cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: A systematic review. J Clin Oncol 25:3158-3167
[3]. Wasano, K., Kawasaki, T., Hiraga, Y., Yamamoto, S., Tomisato, S., Hashimoto, Y., and Ogawa, K. (2017). Febrile Neutropenia in patient with head and neck cancer treated with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5- fluorouracil(TPF Protocol)- A comparison before and after the introduction of pegfilgrastim. Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica, 110(4), 287-293.
[4]. Blijlevens NM, Donnelly JP, de Pauw BE (2001) Empirical therapy of febrile neutropenic patients with mucositis: challenge of risk based therapy. Clin Microbiol Infect 7(Suppl 4):47-52
[5]. Rosenthal DI, Lewin JS, Eisbruch A (2006) Prevention and treatment of dysphagia and aspiration after chemoradiation for head and neck cancer. J Clin Oncol 24:2636-2643

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Necrotizing fasciitis is a progressive infection occurring in the deep fascial layers. The diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis is usually clinical and is important to find it in early stage to avoid significant mortality by proper management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty consecutive patients admitted with the features of necrotizing fasciitis in general surgery ward of Coimbatore medical college hospital during January 2019-December 2019 were included in the study. Pregnant women and those below the age of 13 were excluded from the study. Surgical management was carried out after detailed history, through physical examination and routine investigations. Bacteriological culture and sensitivity tests were carried out for both aerobic and anaerobic organisms. The cultured organisms were tested for resistance pattern by disc diffusion method. We used descriptive statistical analysis......

Keywords: Necrotising fasciitis, Aerobic and anaerobic infections, management

[1]. Wilson B. Necrotizing fasciitis. Am Surg 1952; 18: 416-431
[2]. Hamad H, Al Mosleh A/W, Al Maslamani Y, Abu Nada M, Al Harami M. The outcome of surgical management of necrotizing fasciitis in Qatar: 8 years results. The Middle East Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2001; 1(1): 3-4
[3]. Mukhopadhyay, Madhumita & Saha, Anil & Biswas, Ranu. (2011). A Clinicopathological Study of Necrotizing Fasciitis. Al Ameen Journal of Medical Sciences.
[4]. Shaikh N. Necrotizing fasciitis: A decade of surgical intensive care experience. Indian J Crit Care Med 2006; 10: 225-9 2.
[5]. Kandil A. Necrotizing fasciitis: Study of 20 cases in Shifa Hospital. Palestine Medical Journal 2006; 2(3): 16-21

Abstract: The lateral end of the upper border of the scapula is charecterised by a notch which is bridged by the superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL), converting it into a foramen the 'suprascapular foramen' which gives passage to the suprascapular nerve through the foramen and the suprascapular vessels pass above the STSL. Sometimes the STSL may undergo ossification resulting in a bony foramen. The bony suprascapular foramen can be very narrow at times leading to compression of the suprascapular nerve resulting in the 'suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome'.The ossification STSL has been reported in literature in varying frequency.In the present study a collection of 208 scapulae were examined for the frequency of occurrence in the local population. Ossification of the STSL was found in 03.85% of the scapulae. The knowledge of the occurrence of STSL is important for the orthopaedician while dealing with cases presenting with pain in the shoulder region.

Key words: shoulder joint,scapula,suprascapular nerve,nerve compression

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Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with
long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels.1According to the world Health Organization estimates, India had 32 million diabetic subjects in the
year 2000 this number would increase to 80 million by the year 2030. The international Diabetes federation (IDF) also reported that the total number of diabetic subjects in India is 41 million in 2006 and that this would
rise to 70 million by the year 2025.2-5 India.....

[1]. American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes - 2008. Diabetes Care. 2008;31 (Suppl 1):S13-S54.
[2]. Incidence of Madhumeha (DM) in Patiala city of Punjab and an appraisal of its occurence based on Ayurvedic principles' by Dr. Devidas KV, Research Officer, Indian Institute of Kayachikitsa, Patiala (Punjab) India-Seminar on Neerazhivu (DM) 25th March 1998.
[3]. ZIMMET.P et al: Global and Societal implication of the diabetes epidemics. Nature 414:782,2001
[4]. World Health Organization Global burden of diabetes for the year 2001 by World Bank region, for the use in disease control priorities in developing countries, 2nd edition, Geneva, The World Health Report, 2002.
[5]. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas, Second Edition. International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, 2003.

Abstract: Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life threatening complication of pregnancy. Incidence of pregnancy related AKI has decreased.Nearly 15-20% of AKI in India between 1970 and 1980 was attributable to obstetric complication. The current scenario of pregnancy related AKI in developed countries, is only 8%. However, it is still frequent in developing countries, having incidence of 4.2-15%. The declining trend of Pregnancy related AKI is attributed to legalization of termination of pregnancy and to better antenatal and postnatal care. Materials and methods: Retrospective observational study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bankura Sammilani Medical College, Bankura, West Bengal, India from January 2018 to December 2018 (1 year). Total 100 cases were studied and analysed. Data collected from cases were analyzed, computed and tabulated according to standard performa.......

Key Words: Acute kidney injury, Pregnancy, ARF, hypertension.

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[4]. Basu G, Chrispal A, Boorugu H, Gopinath KG, Chandy S, Prakash JA, et al. Acute kidney injury in tropical acute febrile illness in a tertiary care centre--RIFLE criteria validation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26:524-31.
[5]. Medve L, Antek C, Paloczi B, Kocsi S, Gartner B, Marjanek Z et al. Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in Hungarian intensive care units: a multicenter, prospective, observational study. BMC Nephrol 2011; 13:12-43.

Abstract: Objective: In this study our main goal is to assess sociodemographic characteristics of intercondylar fracture of femur patients. Method: This clinical trial was carried out at the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NTTOR), Dhaka over a period of two years between January 2017 to December 2018.A total of 15 patients of intercondylar fractures of femur meeting the selection criteria were consecutively included in the sample. Result: majority (86.6%) of injuries happened by motor-vehicle accident. One (6.7%) injury was caused by motor-cycle accident and another 1.....

Keyword: Condylar plate, intercondylar fracture

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Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the role of MDCT in the evaluation of orbital trauma. Material And Methods: 50 patients presenting with orbital injuries were evaluated. All patients were subjected to full history taking, clinical evaluation, and radiological assessment using MDCT of head including facial bones and orbit . Images were acquired helically with 1.25 mm slice thicknessand subjected to MPR and 3D reformations in axial, coronal and sagittal planes . Cases were classified into four groups according to the anatomic site of lesions – orbital fractures, ocular lesions, adnexal lesions, and retrobulbar lesions. Results: Diminution of vision was the most common presenting symptom (90%), and orbital fracture was the most common eye injury following trauma . CT showed positive findings including orbital fractures, ruptured globe, foreign bodies, and retrobulbar edema......

Keywords: Computed Tomography, trauma, orbit

[1]. Dunkin JM, Crum AV, Swanger RS, Bokhari SA. Globe trauma. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2011;32 (1):51–56.
[2]. Kubal WS. Imaging of orbital trauma. RadioGraphics 2008;28(6):1729–1739.
[3]. Koo L, Kapadia MK, Singh RP, Sheridan R, Hatton MP. Gender differences in etiology and outcome of open globe injuries. J Trauma 2005;59(1):175–178.
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Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the role of sonography in the evaluation of orbital pathologies. Material And Methods: 50 patients presenting with orbital pathologies were evaluated. All patients were subjected to full history taking, clinical evaluation, and radiological assessment using ultrasound and MDCT were done . Cases were classified into two groups according to the anatomic site of lesions as intraocular and extra ocular lesions. Results: Diminution of vision was the most common presenting symptom in 20 cases. Vitreous hemorrhage is the most common intra ocular lesion in 11 cases followed by retinal detachment in 9 patients. Hematoma was the commonest finding in extra ocular lesions in 5 cases in our study.....

Keywords: Ultrasound, Sonography, trauma, orbit.

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