iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-1 ~ January. 2020

Abstract: Background: Learning is defined as acquiring new or modifying existing knowledge, behaviours, skills, values or preferences which may lead to a potential change in synthesizing information, depth of the knowledge, or behaviour relative to the type and range of experience. Memory is defined as retaining information over time. Metformin updates new spatial memories and decreases Acetylcholinesterase levels. It also decreases TNF-α levels in brain tissue. Bacopa monnieri shows anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation inhibitor properties and has been shown to be potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted over a period of 20 days. Wistar albino rats were taken for this study. Rats were divided into.....

Key Word: Dementia; Morris Water Maze; Metformin; Bacopa monnieri; Alzheimer's Disease.

[1]. Shaffer JL et al. Predicting Cognitive Decline in Subjects at Risk for Alzheimer Disease by Using Combined Cerebrospinal Fluid, MR Imaging, and PET Biomarkers. Radiology 2013; 266(2): 583-91.
[2]. Swardfager W, Lanctot K, Rothenburg L, Wong A, Cappell J, Herrmann N. A meta-analysis of cytokines in Alzheimer disease. Biol Psychiat 2010; 68 (10): 930-941.
[3]. http://www.who.int
[4]. Satyavati GV, Raina MK, Sharma M. Medicinal Plants of India. New Delhi, India: Indian Council of Medical Research; 1976.
[5]. Roodenrys S, Booth D,Bulzomi S, Phipps A, Micallef C, Smoker J. Chronic effects of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) on human memory. Neuropsychopharmacology 2002; 27(2): 279–281..

Abstract: FESS is the most common procedure performed in nasal area to improve nasal airflow and ventilation. BASKA FESS mask is new novel supraglottic airway device with self-sealing membranous variable pressure cuff silicon mask, named due to its dedicated use in FESS.

[1]. Ahmed MZ, and Vohra A. The reinforced laryngeal mask airway (RLMA) protects the airway in patients undergoing nasal surgery – An observational study of 200 patients. Can J Anesth 49:863-866,2002.
[2]. Stammberger H . Anatomic and pathophysiological concepts. In Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery. Philadelphia:BC Decker ,321-333,1991.
[3]. Baska mask instructions for use. http:/ /baskamask.net/main/page_instructions_for_ use_ single_ use_ instructions.html(accessed 15/03/2012).

Abstract: Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the current gold standard for treatment of symptomatic gallstone disease. Despite all the advances in the field of laparoscopic surgery since its introduction, no clear set of preoperative and intraoperative parameters can determine the outcome of the surgery. This Study aims to evaluate the role of a new objective scoring system (ICHBS scoring system) based on various preoperative factors and intraoperative first port findings to allow grading of the findings and standardize the levels of difficulty and applying its recommendations for safe outcome.........

Key words: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Safe outcome, Conversion, Risk factors, Gallstone

[1]. Duman K, Sezer K.H, Yilmaz F et al: The clinical outcome of traditional laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Gaziantep Med J 2013;19(1); 35-39.
[2]. Mishra Shashank. "Assessment of Intraoperative First Port Findings for Predicting Difficulty Levels during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy by ICHBS Scoring System". IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS), vol. 18, no. 1, 2019, pp 46-51..

Abstract: Background: The symptoms of myopathy due to hypothyroidism are proximal muscle weakness, delay in deep tendon reflexes and rarely (10%) development of muscle hypertrophy. Hoffman Syndrome is a adult pseudohypertrophic myopathy associated with hypothyroidism, There have not been many cases reported in India. Case Report: A 30 year male presented with weight gain and all four limbs proximal muscles weakness, history of change in voice since 6 months. On examination tongue was hypertrophied on Neurological examination Motor system revealed muscle bulk increased over both calf and biceps, power in all four limbs is 4/5 with predominant proximal muscle weakness, with delayed ankle jerk and systemic examination was normal. On investigations TSH>100μIU/mL free T3-2.04ng/ml free T4-0.11μg/dL, AntiTPO>1000 Iu/ml CPK- 19481U/L, other investigations are normal......

Key words: Hoffmann's syndrome; Hypothyroidism; pseudohypertrophy of muscles.

[1]. Kumar H, Singh VB, Agrawal J, Meena BL. Chronic Sheehan syndrome presenting as pseudo-hypertrophic myopathy (Hoffman syndrome): A very rare combination. Neurol India 2016;64:564-6
[2]. Mangaraj S, Sethy G. Hoffman's syndrome - A rare facet of hypothyroid myopathy. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2014;5(4):447–448.
[3]. Hemal MS Senanayak Anujaya D Dedigama, Randil P De Alwis and Kanapathipillai Thirumavaalavan: Hoffmann syndrome: a case report. International Archives of Medicine 2014, 7:2.
[4]. Praveen KA, Aslam S, Dutta TK. HoffMann's syndrome: A rare neurological presentation of hypothyroidism. Int J Nutr Pharmacol Neurol Dis 2011;1:201-3.
[5]. Rudrajit P, Sinha PK, Mondal P, Banerjee AK. Hoff man syndrome as first manifestation of hypothyroidism: A rare case. JK Science 2011;13:190-2.

Abstract: Acute appendicitis continues to be one of the most common surgical problems seen. These patients are clinically diagnosed easily as most patients present with a typical history and examination findings. The mainstay of treatment remains antibiotics and an appendicectomy.

[1]. Hashimoto A, Matsushita R, Iizuka N, Kimura M, Matsui T, Tanaka S, Ishikawa A, Endo H, Hirohata S. Henoch-Schönlein pupura complicated by perforation of the gallbladder. Rheumatol Int. 2009;29:441–443. [2]. McCarthy HJ, Tizard EJ. Clinical practice: Diagnosis and management of Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Eur J Pediatr. 2010;169:643–650.
[3]. Salim Bilici, Cihangir Akgun, Mehmet Melek, Erdal Peker, Sinan Akbayram, Gulay Bulut & Murat Dogan (2012) Acute appendicitis in two children with Henoch–Schönlein purpura, Paediatrics and International Child Health, 32:4, 244-245
[4]. CHOONG, C. and BEASLEY, S. (1998), Intra‐abdominal manifestations of Henoch‐Schönlein Purpura. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 34: 405-409 [5]. Ebert EC. Gastrointestinal manifestations of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura. Dig Dis Sci. 2008;53:2011–2019..

Abstract: Introduction: Colon cancer represents one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the indications for laparoscopic surgery have expanded gradually.Indeed, laparoscopic colorectal resection has been shown to have more benefits for postoperative recovery, such as postsurgical pain and hospital stay,and long-term survival,leading to a general acceptance of laparoscopic surgery as an alternative to conventional open surgery for colon cancer. Materials and Methods:This is a retrospective descriptive study, we have analysed 30 patients who are admitted at M.G.M Medical College, between the period January 2018 to December 2018 diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Inclusion criteria include clinical diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma with histological confirmation, and the absence......

Key Words: Colon cancer, Pregnancy, abdominal adhesions

[1]. Jacobs M, Verdeja JC, Goldstein HS. Minimally invasive colon resection (laparoscopic colectomy). Surg Laparosc Endosc 1991;1(3):144-50.
[2]. Heald RJ, Husband EM, Ryall RD. The mesorectum in rectal cancer surgery: the clue to pelvic recurrence? Br J Surg 1982;69(10):613-6.
[3]. Akle CA. Early parietal recurrence of adenocarcinoma of the colon after laparoscopic colectomy. Port site metastasis after laparoscopic colorectal surgery for cure of malignancy. Br J Surg 1996;83(3):427.
[4]. Taffinder NJ, Champault G. Port site metastases after laparoscopic colorectal surgery for cure of malignancy. Br J Surg 1996;83(1):133.
[5]. Campos FG, Valarini R. Evolution of laparoscopic colorectal surgery in Brazil: results of 4744 patients from the national registry. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2009;19(3):249-54.

Abstract: Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, one of the most common operations performed by surgeons is now considered the gold standard of therapy for symptomatic cholelithiasis and chronic cholecystitis. The administration of local anesthetic, bupivacaine can be helpful in reducing the negative effect of postoperative pain after gall bladder surgery. AIM: To evaluate the post operative pain in laparascopic cholecystectomy patients using bupivacaine irrigation over gallbladder surgical bed. Materials and Methods: A randomized control study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital with sample size of 170 patients, aged between 30-50 years. The patients were divided into two Groups A – Saline, B – 0.5 Bupivacaine irrigation; 85 patients......

Key words: laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Bupivacaine, Saline, postoperative pain.

[1]. Lujan JA, Parrilla P, Robles R, Marin P, Torralba JA, Garcia-Ayllon J. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy vs open cholecystectomy in the treatment of acute cholecystitis: a prospective study. Arch Surg. 1998;133(2):173-5. [2]. Bisgaard T. Analgesic treatment after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a critical assessment of the evidence. Anesthesiology. 2006;104(4):835-46. [3]. Bourne E, Wright C, Royse C. A review of local anesthetic cardiotoxicity and treatment with lipid emulsion. Local and regional anesthesia. 2010;3:11-9. [4]. Meman SH, Pais V, Kalal BS. Physical risk factors for low back pain among young sedentary individuals - A prospective study. Indian J Pain. 2017;31(3):157-63. [5]. Castillo-Garza G, Diaz-Elizondo JA, Cuello-Garcia CA, Villegas-Cabello O. Irrigation with bupivacaine at the surgical bed for postoperative pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons. 2012;16(1):105-11.

Abstract: Corneal ulcer is a common cause of consultation in ophthalmology and one of the major cause of high ocular morbidity especially in developing countries. Corneal ulceration results in 1.5-2 million new cases of corneal blindness annually, posing a major public health problem according to the World Health organization (WHO) reports1 .India being an agricultural country corneal trauma leading to corneal ulceration is very common. Fungi are the most common etiological agents which account for 30–40% whereas bacteria account for 13–48% of all cases of suppurative keratitis; this varies by geographical area.2 The burden of corneal disease in our country is reflected by the fact that 90% of the global cases of ocular trauma and corneal ulceration leading to corneal blindness occur in developing countries.3 The microbial causes of suppurative keratitis vary considerably between continents and......

[1]. Insan NG, Mane V, Chaudhary BL, Danu MS, Yadav A, Srivastava V. A review of fungal keratitis: etiology and laboratory diagnosis. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2013;2(6):307-14. [2]. Leck AK, Thomas PA, Hagan M, Kaliamurthy J, Ackuaku E, John M, Newman MJ, Codjoe FS, Opintan JA, Kalavathy CM, Essuman V. Aetiology of suppurative corneal ulcers in Ghana and south India, and epidemiology of fungal keratitis. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2002 Nov 1;86(11):1211-5. [3]. Gupta N, Tandon R, Gupta SK, Sreenivas V, Vashist P. Burden of corneal blindness in India. Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine. 2013 Oct;38(4):198. [4]. Srinivasan M, Gonzales CA, George C, Cevallos V, Mascarenhas JM, Asokan B, Wilkins J, Smolin G, Whitcher JP. Epidemiology and aetiological diagnosis of corneal ulceration in Madurai, south India. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 1997 Nov 1;81(11):965-71. [5]. Aurora AL, Khandpur RC, Singh G, Bhatia VN. Corneal ulcers in northern India. A correlated histological and microbiological study. Indian journal of ophthalmology. 1974 Mar 1;22(1):1.

Abstract: To compare the efficacy of single dose versus routine five days prophylactic antibiotic in prevention of post operative infection in elective gynaecologic and obstetric surgeries. Objectives:  To decrease the incidence of post surgical wound infection  To improve the outcome, to reduce the time stay at the hospital and to reduce cost of treatment. Material And Methods: This is a prospective, Randomized, comparative study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology for elective surgeries in KIMS hospital over....

[1]. Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery. SIGN publication; No-45.
[2]. Constantine MM, Rahman M, Ghulmiyah L et al.Timing of antibiotics for caesarean delivery: a meta analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;199:301-6
[3]. Tita AT, Rouse DJ, Blackwell S, Saade GR, Sponge CY, et al. Emerging concepts in antibiotic prophylaxis for caesarean delivery: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2009; 113:675-82.
[4]. Rogerwalker . Clinical pharmacy and therapeutics .III Edition,2003. page-569-580.
[5]. Clinical obstetrics by Carl.j.pauerstein.1987. page :-906-909..

Abstract: Background: The Psychiatric referral rates in India are very low, considering the higher rates of psychiatric morbidity in patients who attend various departments of a hospital. Study of referral pattern to a Psychiatry Department helps us to understand the prevalence of psychiatric disorders . It also helps us to assess the need of sensitization of the primary care physicians and for improvement of General Hospital Psychiatric Units (GHPU). Objective: To study the frequency and pattern of Psychiatric referral at Department of Psychiatry, GEMS medical college, Srikakulam, Andhrapradesh, India. Material and Methods: This.....

Key words: Consultation Liaison Psychiatry, GHPU,medically unexplained symptoms

[1]. Barrett AM. The broadened interests of psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry. 1922;79:113
[2]. Lipowski ZJ. Consultation liaison psychiatry. Past, present and future. In: Pasnau RO, ed. Consultation Liaison Psychiatry. New York: Grune& Stratton, 1985, p 1
[3]. Cohen LM, Shapiro E, Manson J, Kondi E. The high cost of treating a psychiatric disorder as a medical/surgical illness. Psychomatics 1985; 5:453-455
[4]. Gitlin DF, Levenson JL, Lyketsos CG. Psychosomatic medicine: a new psychiatric subspecialty. Acad Psychiatry. 2004;28(1):4-11
[5]. Malhotra S. Liaison psychiatry in general hospitals. Indian J Psychiatry 1984;26:264‑73

Abstract: Background: Cesarean section is the most common done obstetric emergency and the outcome of surgery differs depending on various factors. Maternal and fetal outcome depends on proper follow up during antenatal period. Objectives: To study them Maternal and fetal outcome and complications in rural referral patients (unbooked cases) undergoing emergency cesarean delivery and to compare them with booked cases undergoing emergency cesareandeliveries in Katuri medical college/ Hospital, chinakondrupadu ,Andhra pradesh. Purpose: This study was undertaken to find out the difference in maternal and fetal outcome between booked cases with proper antenatal follow up and unbooked cases referred from rural health centers Method: The study is a cross......

Keywords: Emergency cesarean delivery, booked and unbooked, maternal morbidity, neonatal morbidity and mortality.

[1]. Desai E, Leuva H, Leuva B, Kanani M. A study of primary caesarean section in multipara. Int J Reprod Contracept ObstetGynecol. 2013; 2(3):320-324.
[2]. Bogg L, Diwan V, Vora KS, DeCosta. Impact of Alternative Maternal Demand-Side Financial Support Programs in India on the Caesarean Section Rates:Indications of Supplier-Induced Demand,Maternal and Child Health J. 2015 Aug:11.
[3]. Akolekar R, Pandit S N, Rao.B.S.. The cesarean Birth FOGSI publications, 1st ed.National Book Depot, reprint 2010; 1-3.
[4]. World health statistics. Part II, Global health indicators. Table 2, Cause specific mortality and morbidity. WHO 2015; . 64.
[5]. Samiksha S, G. V. S. Murthy, Anitha T,Sanjeev U, Murali K, Rajan S, S. R.Srikrishna. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2015 Jul; 19(7):1447-1454.