IOSR-JHSS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Success of Various Satyagharas in Dhamtari Area (A Study From 1920-1930).
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Vipin Tirkey
	:	10.9790/0837-19710104

Abstract: In the Gandhian era, one of the famous movements called as Non-Cooperation Movement; which was started by Gandhiji in 1920 against the British Govt. As soon as in the month of May, Mill Labors Satyagraha came to an end in Rajnandgaon, a few months later in July "Nahar Satyagraha" started at Kandel village of Dhamtari tahsil in 1920. This was the First Satyagraha in the National Freedom Movement of India.Kandel is the name of village in Dhamtari tahsil.3At the Mahanadi shore there are two places called Rudri and Madamsilli, where the dam construction was done for irrigation purpose in those areas by the British Govt. By giving water to peasants Govt. used to collect irrigation tax. The villagers did not want to pay the tax.Gattasilli Satyagraha got over successfully, in the same year on 22nd August 1930, a group of Satyagrahis decided to cut reserved grass of the Forest Department in Nawagaon and thus, by doing this broke the law.

[1]. Dr. Arvind Sharma, Chhattisgarh Ka Rajnitik Itihas, Arpa ocket Books, Bilaspur, 1999, P.99.
[2]. Dr. Bhagwan Singh Verma, Chhattisgarh ka Itihas (Prarambh se 2000 ad), Madhya Pradesh Hindi Granth Akadami, Bhopal, 2007, P.222.
[3]. Ibid., P.222.
[4]. Dr. Bhagwan Singh Verma, Chhattisgarh ka Itihas (Prarambh se 2000 ad), P.222
[5]. Ibid., P.222.
[6]. Ibid., P.223.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Contribution of Dhamtari in Various Movements for Complete Independence (A Study From 1930 To 1947)
Country	:	India
Authors	:	VipinTirkey
	:	10.9790/0837-19710508

Abstract: Gandhiji was arrested on 5th May 1930. The agitators included no tax campaign in the programme. The movement had a great impact especially in the Dhamtaritahsil of Raipur district.As soon as on 5th April 1930, Gandhiji inaugurated salt Satyagraha, it affected especially in the Dhamtaritahsil. Regarding the making of salt with soil especially in the tahsil, in a huge crowd Pt. Narayan Rao Medhawale made salt and thus, here too broke the salt law. He made salt through the ancient method out of soil.After the refusal of August Offer 1940, Congress decided to start the "Individual Satyagraha", under the Leadership of Gandhiji. His main motive of the Satyagraha was to protest the policies of British Govt.

[1]. Dr. Bhagwan Singh Verma, Chhattisgarh KaItihas (Prarambh Se 2000 AD), P.229.
[2]. Dr. Ramgopal Sharma, Dr. Taru Tiwari, Chhattisgarh KaPrashasanEvamSwatantraSangramAndolan (1854-1947), P.41.
[3]. Ibid., P.42.
[4]. Dr. Arvind Sharma, Chhattisgarh KaRajnitikItihas, P.196.
[5]. Dr. Bhagwan Singh Verma, Chhattisgarh KaItihas (Prarambh Se 2000 AD), P.233.
[6]. Ibid., P.233.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Development of Institutional Models for Community Food Security in West Nusa Tenggara (Ntb) Province-Indonesia
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Enirawan, Setia Hadi, Bambang Juanda, Ernan Rustiadi
	:	10.9790/0837-19710915

Abstract: NTB province is a food surplus area, but at the same time it belongs to an area that has a high risk of food shortage. Therefore, NTB should require a handling priority in this particular aspect. In the community, there are groups that can follow the market mechanism, but there are also groups with low incomes who need community institutions or mechanisms outside the market. This study aimed to develop models of community institutions to improve food security in NTB. The analytical methods used were Analysis of Food Security, Institutional Descriptive Analysis, Analysis of Transaction Cost (TC) and Path Analysis. The research result showed that the income and food stocks of families and patterns of community interactions in NTB through social transfers had increased the food security of individuals / families in NTB. Development models of community institutions to improve food security, among others, were diversification of family economic activities, encouragement of community participation both in formal and informal institutions, rural infrastructure development, Posyandu revitalization, Raskin arragements, and institutional integration, especially informal institutions in order to improve food security.
Keywords: community institution, food security, social transfer, transaction cost

[1] Arifin B., Ekonomi Kelembagaan Pangan. LP3ES. Jakarta, 2005
[2] BPS NTB, Provinsi NTB dalam Angka tahun 2012. BPS NTB. Mataram, 2013
[3] FSVA, Peta Ketahanan dan Kerentanan Pangan Indonesia. Dewan Ketahanan Pangan Departement Pertanian. World Food Programe (WFP). Jakarta, 2009.
[4] Jonsson, U., and D. Toole. Household food security and nutrition: A conceptual analysis. New York: United Nations Children's Fund. Dalam Maxwell, D and T.R. Frankenberger. 1992. Urban livelihoods and food and nutrition security in Greater Accra, Ghana. IFRI in Collaborative with Noguchi Memorial for Medical Research and World Health Organization. Research Report No. 112. Washington, D.C, 1991.
[5] Karyadi LW. Strategi dan pengembangan masyarakat lokal menghadapai perubahan lingkungan akibat aktivitas pertambangan di daerah lingkar tambang PT. Newmont Nusa Tenggara. Universitas Mataram. Mataram, 2005.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Contested Identity Politics in Nepal: Implications from Tharu Movement
Country	:	Nepal
Authors	:	Mahendra Sapkota
	:	10.9790/0837-19711625

Abstract: Globally, research on social movements reveals relatively more about identity politics, but relatively less about the mechanism and causality of the identity formation. In this context, the paper analyses the formation of identity politics in Nepal from a view point of Tharu movement, one of the largest ethnic movements in the country. Despite having a long historical background, critics suggest that the Tharu movement is increasingly contested with identity politics. Sharing part of this critique, the paper argues that the Tharu movement has been undergone with the formation of collective identity incorporating the previously neglected issues of poverty, inequality and marginalization. Following critical discourse analysis, the paper concludes that the identity politics of Tharu movement has been formed in multiple dimensions of class, caste/ethnicity, gender, region, and development status.
Keywords: contested development, identity politics, narratives, social movement.

[1]. M. Diani, The concept of social movement, in K. Nash, (Ed.), Readings in Contemporary Political Sociology (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 2000) 155-176.
[2]. K. McDonald, From solidarity to fluidarity: social movements beyond "collective identity"- the case of globalization conflicts. Social Movement Studies, 1, 2002, 109-128.
[3]. D. K. SinghRoy, Changing trajectory of social movements in India: Towards a holistic analytical perspective, in D. K, SinghRoy (Ed.), Dissentive Voices and Transformative Actions - Social Movements in a Globalized World (New Delhi: Manohar Publishers and Distributors, 2010) 135-188.
[4]. A. Bebbington, Poverty reduction and social movements: A framework with cases, Background paper for UNRISD's poverty report. UK: University of Manchester, 2009.
[5]. S.G. Tarrow, Power in movement: Social movements and contentious politics (Cambridge: CUP, 2011).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Socio-Economic Status of Women entrepreneurship – A case study of Morigaon District in Assam
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ajit Borah.
	:	10.9790/0837-19712633

Abstract:Entrepreneurship has acquired special significance in the context of Indian economic growth in a rapidly changing socio-economic and political climate, particularly in industry. Development is a function of entrepreneurs in today's world of privatization, liberalization and globalization. Entrepreneurship is a creative human act. Therefore, entrepreneurship helps to increase per capital income, standard of living, capital formation in the backward region of the country. It is a process to accelerate economic growth by covering risk, uncertainly, innovation, planning and decision-making. Here, in the research paper, a field based picture of women entrepreneurship of Morigaon district of Assam is presented analyzing their various socio-economic statuses through structured questionnaire
Keywords: Entrepreneurs, women entrepreneurship, socio-economic status.

[1]. Vasanthagopal, R and Santha, S (2008), women entrepreneurship in India, New century publication, New Delhi, Pp. 1-5.
[2]. Arvinda, C.H. and S, Renuka (2001), women entrepreneurs: An exploratory study, SEDME, Sept. P 71.
[3]. Vasanthagopal, R and Santha, S (2008), op.cit, P 1.
[4]. Chattopadhyay, Arundhati (2005), women and entrepreneurship, Yojana, January, Pp 27-33
[5]. Khan, Noman Shibly A.M.M. (2009), women micro entrepreneurship and social capital in Bangladesh, SEDME, March, 36.1

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	BIMARU States: Need a Rethinking
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Kalyan Sundar Som, Prof. R.P. Mishra
	:	10.9790/0837-19713441

Abstract: Need periodically review our population policies objectives, processes, achievements and relevance to keep pace with changing perspectives and discourse on population issues at the national and state level. Now focused on the eight Empowered Action Group (EAG) states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand where reach the unserved, underserved areas, vulnerable and marginalized populations. Since mid 80 Asish Bose, "BIMARU‟ are still prevailed in the lower section of demographic transition. What the matter persist in this area, why special policy on EAG states are not much effective. This says that the time is come to rethinking the problem of EAG states.
Key words: EAG states, BIMARU, Demographic transition, Population Policy.

[1]. "Don‟t call them Bimaru States now", Hindustan Times. Com, July 19, 2010.

[2]. Bose, Ashis - The man who coined the term "Bimaru". (www. Livemint. com).

[3]. "Bimaru or bimari?", The Hindu, 12 August 2005 (www.Thehindubusinessline.com/2005).

[4]. UNEPA report on education on EAG states.

[5]. Census of India, 2011

[6]. National Family welfare statics, 2011

. [7]. Sample registration system report 2008, 2009 and 2010.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Fish Cultivation as a Livelihood Option for Small Scale Farmers - Study in Southwestern Region of Bangladesh
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Nurun Naher Moni, Nawshin Neelam Khan
	:	10.9790/0837-19714250

Abstract: Present study explores the importance of fish farming in the livelihood of small scale fish farmers of Batiaghata upazila in the Southwestern region of Bangladesh. This is an exploratory type study, which selects three villages of Batiaghata upazila. It collects primary data from 30 fish cultivators through questionnaire survey and key informant interview method. The study findings show that fish cultivation is the main occupation for 56.67 percent of the farmers. It has an important implication for ensuring emergency cash flow in terms of urgent medical expenses, financing children's education and supporting household economy in times of maintaining social and family occasions. It also alters households' protein consumption level and income, expenditure and savings pattern of the households. Recognizing the importance of small scale fish farming in the region, present study suggest government and non government organizations ensuring efficient marketing, expanding training program and ensuring supply of quality fish fry and fingerlings.
Keywords: Household economy, Small scale fish farming, Sustainable livelihood

[1] BOBLME, Marine & Coastal Fisheries Resources, Activities and Development in Bangladesh: Relevance to BOBLME Project, Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem (BOBLME) Project, Bangkok, Country Report (Bangladesh) No. 09, 2009, 3-5.
[2] B. Belton, M. Karim, S. Thilsted, K.M.E. Jahan, W. Collis, and M. Phillips, Review of aquaculture and fish consumption in Bangladesh, Studies and Reviews, No. 2011-53, The WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia, 2011, 5, Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/81424774/Review-of-Aquaculture-and-Fish-Consumption-in-Bangladesh (Accessed on 09th January 2013).

[3] FAO, National Aquaculture Sector Overview. Bangladesh, Food Agriculture Organization (FAO), Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, 2005, 1.
[4] FAO, The State Of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2012, Food Agriculture Organization (FAO), Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, 2012.
[5] M.H. Chowdhury, and K.L. Maharjan, Pond Fish Production through People's Participation in Rural Bangladesh, Journal of International Development and Cooperation, 7(2), 2001, 11–28.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Violence in Alice Walker's the Color Purple
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Priya K
	:	10.9790/0837-19715154

Abstract: The Afro-American womanist Alice Walker who was awarded with the Pulitzer prize in 1983 for her path-breaking epistolary work The Color Purple (1982) advocates women-bonding and female creativity to derive strength and inspiration to survive the plethora of violence suffered by the triply burdened Afro-American women. This paper focuses on the multifaceted violence suffered by them especially the protagonist Celie. The novel honestly explores the damaging effects of male domination upon Celie's spirit and explores the frank treatment of sexism within black community and also white racial oppression of blacks both in US and in Africa in the period between the turn of the century and Second World War.
Keywords: Psychological oppression, sexual oppression, rape, incest, dehumanization, racial discrimination.

[1]. Badode, Ram. Contemporary American Literature, New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 2000.
[2]. Griffin Gabriele. "Writing the Body: Reading Joan Riley, Grace Nicholas, NtozakeShanghe". Black Women‟s Writing. Ed. Gina Wisher, Hong Kong: Lumiere Press Ltd., 1993.
[3]. Prieb, Richar. Literature, Community and Violence: Reading African Literaure in the West, Post 9/11. <http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/research-in-african-lit/v036/36-20 priebe,html.
[4]. Ray, Mohit K. Studies in Women Writers in English. Atlantic Publishers, New Delhi, 2005.
[5]. Slusser, Tricia. Looking at the Back of Your Head, Mirroring Scenes, inAlice Walker‟s The Color Purple and Possessing the Secret of Joy. 22 August 2008.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A comparative study of Negative Psycho- Social factors in Working and Non-Working Elderly Persons
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shefali Singh, Dr. Jyoti Gaur,
	:	10.9790/0837-19715562

Abstract: Psychosocial means it relates to one's psychological development in, and interaction with, a social environment. The present research is focussed on A comparative study of Negative Psycho- Social factors in Working and Non-Working Elderly Persons of age 60-80 years of Jaipur city. The tool is designed by Ms. Savina Bishnoi (2012). The tool consist 65 items those divided into 13 dimensions which measures the psycho-social characteristics of Elderly people in different areas regarding self-esteem, pertaining to cognitive capacity, meaningful roles in ourselves and others life, physically deterioration, social relations and social contacts with friends and relatives, about financial condition and resources, different moods like Loneliness, insecurity, dependency physically and mentally, about how much capable of caring a chronically ill person, health status, social support from spouse, friends and family, life events of individual life.. The sampling population of this research includes 80 Elderly persons living in Jaipur out of which 40 are Working and 40 are Non Working. The sample was collected by simple random sampling method. The population belonging to age group of 60-80 years was taken in study. The result revealed that There is significant difference between the psycho social factors scores of Working and Non-Working Elderly
Key words:

[1]. B. L. Neugarten, R. J. Havighurst, and S. S. Tobin, ―The measurement of life satisfaction,‖ Journal of Gerontology, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 134–143, 1961.
[2]. C. M. Aldwin and D. F. Gilmer, Health, Illness, and Optimal Aging: Biological and Psychosocial Perspectives, Sage, Thousand Oaks, Calif, USA, 2004.
[3]. Eliot R. Smith et al.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology .ISSN: 0022-3514 eISSN: 1939-1293.monthly ISI Impact Factor: 5.076 Psychology - Social: 2 of 59
[4]. E. M. Crimmins and H. Beltran-Sanchez, ―Mortality and morbidity trends: is there compression of morbidity?‖ The Journals of Gerontology Series B, vol. 66B, no. 1, pp. 75–86, 2010.
[5]. E. M. Crimmins, M. D. Hayward, A. Hagedorn, Y. Saito, and N. Brouard, ―Change in disability-free life expectancy for americans 70 years old and older,‖ Demography, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 627–646, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Place of Commercial Diplomacy in Nigeria-China Relations
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	IBRAHIM Abu Akoh
	:	10.9790/0837-19716369

Abstract: Analysis of Nigeria and China relations has often been generalized with the best effort to break this down ending with economic diplomacy, yet this diplomatic relations encompass many aspects with its simultaneously agonizing and palatable consequences. This article analysed the contribution of commercial diplomacy in strengthening the overall relations between Nigeria and China. This was done not only for the singular purpose of bringing to the fore this almost neglected part of the relations but to also emphasis the danger of the overwhelming proliferation of Chinese goods in Nigerian Markets. The article used secondary data supported by empirical information from relevant bodies. The paper argues that the chief reason why China entered into diplomatic relations with Nigeria is for the exploitation of its large consumer population. Thus in analysing Nigeria-China relations emphasis should be on the commercial element .The conclusion derived from the available evidence is that Nigeria-China commercial diplomacy is a major contributory factor for the decline of the manufacturing sector in Nigeria. Hence, this paper advocates a renegotiation of the terms of commercial diplomacy between the two countries and the institutionalization of trade restrictions on the importation of goods that are produced in Nigeria.
Keywords: China, Commercial diplomacy, Nigeria, Place, Relations

[1] D. Lee and D. Hudson, The old and new significance of political economy in diplomacy, Review International Studies, British International Studies Association, 30, 2004, 343-360
[2] E. O. Ogunkola, A. S. Bankole and A. Adewuyi, China-Nigeria economic relations: AERC scoping studies on China-Africa relations, a revised report submitted the Africa economi research consortium (AERC), University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2008, 3-16
[3] O.G. Adekola, New perspective to Nigeria's foreign policy towards China, IOSR journal of humanities and social science, 6 (5) 2013, 01-06
[4] A. Osakwe, China-Nigeria relations: Nigerian Niger delta and continent wide pattern, International Affairs Review, Vol. 1, Number 4.2012, 6-47
[5] P. Utomi, China and Nigeria, 2012, retrieved from http://080603_utomi_nigeriachina, September 2013
[6] U.O. Akeem, Performance evaluation of foreign trade and economic growth in nigeria, Journal of Finance and Accounting vol.2, No 2, 2011, 2222-2847

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Triggers of Burnout among Tunisian Teachers at Higher Institutes of Sport and Physical Education
Country	:	Tunisia
Authors	:	Nasr Chalghaf, Fairouz Azaiez, Bechir Elarbi
	:	10.9790/0837-19717077

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of socio-professional triggers on the development of burnout syndrome among the institute's teachers of sports and physical education in Tunisia. The socio-professional triggers such as age, sex, teacher's grade, job seniority and the marital status of professors and the workplace to promote significantly the development of burnout syndrome among teachers at the institutes of sports and physical education in Tunisia. 269 teachers of the high institutes of sport and physical education male and female with mean ages (43, 21 ± 7,704), answered the questionnaire of Maslach et al (1996). Our results of the regression analysis of the three components of burnout syndrome namely: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and the loss of personal accomplishment are showed that the three models are significant at the same level of probability (Pr ≤ 0.001). Also the R2, which provide information on the share of contribution of predictors in the total variance components related, are respectively 0.67, 0.59 and 0.45.

Keywords: Burnout, University Teachers, Physical Education

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The information processing predicament of non-English-speaking students in an academic community of practice
Country	:	South Africa
Authors	:	Charles Adedayo Adebanji
	:	10.9790/0837-19717888

Abstract: This study set out to explore the information processing dilemma of French-speaking students (FSS) in an academic community of practice (ACOP). Utilising a single case study approach, semistructured interviews, focus group interviews, narrative inquiry, situated learning theories and transformative learning theory, French-speaking students interpreted academic information from English to French and back to English before they could construct scholastic knowledge. The paper suggests that facilitators of learning should ensure adequate interaction between them and the other stakeholders. They are also to ensure the use of technology to enhance the processing and transformation of academic information by the French-speaking students

[1]. Acharya, C. (2002). Students' Learning Styles and Their Implications for Teachers, CDTL Brief,5(6). Available from http://www.cdtl.nus.edu. sg/brief/v5n6/.
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The role of son preference on modern contraceptive use in Bangladesh
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Halima Akhter, Md. Ershadul Haque
	:	10.9790/0837-19718996

Abstract: This study tries to examine the relationship between son preference and contraceptive use at different parities of women in Bangladesh. This study reveals that the sex composition of the surviving children moderately influences the women's practices of modern contraceptive use at lower parities. The more sons a women has, she is more likely to use modern contraceptive at parity one and two. But this is not true for the women at parity three or more. At lower parities, this behavior may be primarily because women with at least one son among their living children are less likely to want more children and they are satisfied with the sex composition of their children. Among the women at parity three or more, contraceptive using rate is lower among them who have two or more son than those women who have one living son. This variation in contraceptive use at parity three or more may owe to have at least one daughter or not satisfied with the sex composition of children or lack of consciousness about family planning.
Keyword: BDHS, modern contraceptive, parity, sex composition, son preference, trend.

[1]. Hussain, R., F.F. Fikree and H.W. Berendes (2000). "The role of son preference in reprodudive behavior in Pakistan" Bulletin of the World Health Organization 78(3):379-388.
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[5]. M. Asaduzzaman Khan and Parveen A. Khanum, (2000). "Influence of son preference on contraceptive use in Bangladesh" Asia-Pacific Population Journal.
[6]. Arnold, F. (1997) "Gender preference in children" DHS Comparative Studies No. 23 (Calverton, Maryland, Macro International, Inc.).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Attitudes of Males towards Male- Circumcision in Matobo District of Zimbabwe with Special Reference to Gulathi Area in Matabeleland South Province
Country	:	Zimbabwe
Authors	:	Nkala Printah Printer , Mbuisa, B.
	:	10.9790/0837-197197105

Abstract: This study sought to assess the attitudes of males towards male circumcision in Matobo district with special attention to Gulathi area. Male circumcision is one of the popular intervention methods that is fully supported by modern health medical practitioners to circumvent the transmission of HIV infection (UNAIDS, 2007). The District AIDS Action Committee (2014) reported that, of the total males circumcised in 2013, about 63% were below 15 years, therefore, the concern of this study was to investigate the attitudes of males above 15 years towards the circumcision programme. A descriptive survey design was employed for the study while a questionnaire and semi-structured interview were triangulated to elicit data. The target population for the study was of males between the 15-49 years age group. Data were presented in tables and bar charts and analyzed using frequent counts, percentages, Likert Scale and descriptive summaries. The major finding revealed that most men have anxiety of participating in male circumcision programme in which they are expected to first undergo HIV screening before the procedure. In addition, the majority of the respondents do not view circumcision as part of their cultural practices and had negative perceptions based on the belief that circumcision reduces libido or sexual pleasure. The study concluded that low levels of participation in male circumcision programme had cultural and traditional implications. The study recommended that there is need for more educational programmes in schools as well as in the community, fundamentally designed to conscientize the expected programme beneficiaries about the goals and expected achievements. There is also need to involve community members in the programme implementation rather involving only health personnel from divergent cultural backgrounds that contradicts local traditional values and practices. Lastly, advocating for a policy which provides free will of going through circumcision without going through HIV screening needs to be considered.
Keywords: Circumcision; Attitudes;

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An Assessment of the effects of informal groups on employee performance: A case of High Schools in Bulawayo Province. (2012-2013)
Country	:	Zimbabwe
Authors	:	Printah Nkala & Mbuyisa Barbara
	:	10.9790/0837-1971106112

Abstract: The study sought to investigate the effects of workplace informal groups on employee performance in Bulawayo Province. In schools, the level of students' academic performance has gone down, prompting the researchers to carry out the study. This is evidenced by the overall Bulawayo percentage pass rate at all of its thirty nine schools which fell from the 2012 high of 86% to 80.35%. (Zimbabwe Focus 17.02.14). The main objective of the study is to ascertain the effects of informal groupings on employee performance. A Descriptive survey design was used while a questionnaire and semi-structured face to face interview guides were conducted to collect the data. The researchers used stratified random sampling technique to select respondents and the sample size was 50 teachers and 39 head principles from 39 schools. The research findings were analysed using tables and graphs and the findings indicated that workplace informal groups significantly contribute towards students' academic employee performance. The researchers recommended that school heads should foster good team spirit and positive relationships by turning informal groups into active organisation's participatory groups whose main objective would be to help every member to improve students' academic performance which enhances positive relationship amongst the employees. The study recommends that school management should identify themselves with the group's informal leaders to gain corporation of the group.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Urban Environment Variables for Developmental Analysis
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Pawan Kumar
	:	10.9790/0837-190701113116

Abstract: The indicators for the slum environment can be locally identified by understanding the data collected by the concerned government. However the understanding of data structure is not sufficient if the definitions of slums vary across the international, national and local levels. The implementing authorities act upon the guidelines formulated at the apex level for development purposes. A quagmire resulting from ambiguous definitions of slum and its environs thwart the actual implications of the policies and plans. Also, the solutions to the local problems may.........

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Social Injustice in John Galsworthy's Plays
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Arti Ajabrao Chorey
	:	10.9790/0837-190701117118

Abstract: John Galsworthy had taken the responsibilities and serious efforts were made on his part, to fight the struggles of the modern man. Therefore in each of his plays he has given us a lesson, a teaching and remedy for the question which lingers from a very long time. He seems to take little interest in himself. He never allowed his personality to intrude into his characters and writings is concerned. Galsworthy's lips were not tightened because of things done to him but because of things done to others. His tragedies show the waste of precious human lives , move us immensely. He was a man of his age a man of a very definite and well marked section of the British community, but he had a temperament which tended to make him a man of all times and a man of the universal human family.........

Keywords: Offenders, Stealing, Adultery, Unemployment, Poverty, Livelihood, Blind Malignant Force, Rescue, Forges, Solitary Confinement, Absconder, Hope.

[1]. Cunliffe, John W. (1927), Modern English Playwrights : A Short History of The English Drama from 1825, London : Harper and Brothers.
[2]. Dupre, C. (1976) John Galsworthy : A Biography. London : Collins.
[3]. Downer, A. S. (1950) The British Drama New York : Appleton Century Crafts Inc.
[4]. Cheney, Sheldon (1988), quoted from Allardyce Nicoll, British Drama, Delhi : Doaba House.
[5]. Nicoll, Allardyce (1925), British Drama, London : George and G. Harraps Co. Ltd.