IOSR-JHSS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Success of Various Satyagharas in Dhamtari Area (A Study From 1920-1930).
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Vipin Tirkey
	:	10.9790/0837-19710104

Abstract: In the Gandhian era, one of the famous movements called as Non-Cooperation Movement; which was started by Gandhiji in 1920 against the British Govt. As soon as in the month of May, Mill Labors Satyagraha came to an end in Rajnandgaon, a few months later in July "Nahar Satyagraha" started at Kandel village of Dhamtari tahsil in 1920. This was the First Satyagraha in the National Freedom Movement of India.Kandel is the name of village in Dhamtari tahsil.3At the Mahanadi shore there are two places called Rudri and Madamsilli, where the dam construction was done for irrigation purpose in those areas by the British Govt. By giving water to peasants Govt. used to collect irrigation tax. The villagers did not want to pay the tax.Gattasilli Satyagraha got over successfully, in the same year on 22nd August 1930, a group of Satyagrahis decided to cut reserved grass of the Forest Department in Nawagaon and thus, by doing this broke the law.

[1]. Dr. Arvind Sharma, Chhattisgarh Ka Rajnitik Itihas, Arpa ocket Books, Bilaspur, 1999, P.99.
[2]. Dr. Bhagwan Singh Verma, Chhattisgarh ka Itihas (Prarambh se 2000 ad), Madhya Pradesh Hindi Granth Akadami, Bhopal, 2007, P.222.
[3]. Ibid., P.222.
[4]. Dr. Bhagwan Singh Verma, Chhattisgarh ka Itihas (Prarambh se 2000 ad), P.222
[5]. Ibid., P.222.
[6]. Ibid., P.223.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Contribution of Dhamtari in Various Movements for Complete Independence (A Study From 1930 To 1947)
Country	:	India
Authors	:	VipinTirkey
	:	10.9790/0837-19710508

Abstract: Gandhiji was arrested on 5th May 1930. The agitators included no tax campaign in the programme. The movement had a great impact especially in the Dhamtaritahsil of Raipur district.As soon as on 5th April 1930, Gandhiji inaugurated salt Satyagraha, it affected especially in the Dhamtaritahsil. Regarding the making of salt with soil especially in the tahsil, in a huge crowd Pt. Narayan Rao Medhawale made salt and thus, here too broke the salt law. He made salt through the ancient method out of soil.After the refusal of August Offer 1940, Congress decided to start the "Individual Satyagraha", under the Leadership of Gandhiji. His main motive of the Satyagraha was to protest the policies of British Govt.

[1]. Dr. Bhagwan Singh Verma, Chhattisgarh KaItihas (Prarambh Se 2000 AD), P.229.
[2]. Dr. Ramgopal Sharma, Dr. Taru Tiwari, Chhattisgarh KaPrashasanEvamSwatantraSangramAndolan (1854-1947), P.41.
[3]. Ibid., P.42.
[4]. Dr. Arvind Sharma, Chhattisgarh KaRajnitikItihas, P.196.
[5]. Dr. Bhagwan Singh Verma, Chhattisgarh KaItihas (Prarambh Se 2000 AD), P.233.
[6]. Ibid., P.233.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Development of Institutional Models for Community Food Security in West Nusa Tenggara (Ntb) Province-Indonesia
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Enirawan, Setia Hadi, Bambang Juanda, Ernan Rustiadi
	:	10.9790/0837-19710915

Abstract: NTB province is a food surplus area, but at the same time it belongs to an area that has a high risk of food shortage. Therefore, NTB should require a handling priority in this particular aspect. In the community, there are groups that can follow the market mechanism, but there are also groups with low incomes who need community institutions or mechanisms outside the market. This study aimed to develop models of community institutions to improve food security in NTB. The analytical methods used were Analysis of Food Security, Institutional Descriptive Analysis, Analysis of Transaction Cost (TC) and Path Analysis. The research result showed that the income and food stocks of families and patterns of community interactions in NTB through social transfers had increased the food security of individuals / families in NTB. Development models of community institutions to improve food security, among others, were diversification of family economic activities, encouragement of community participation both in formal and informal institutions, rural infrastructure development, Posyandu revitalization, Raskin arragements, and institutional integration, especially informal institutions in order to improve food security.
Keywords: community institution, food security, social transfer, transaction cost

[1] Arifin B., Ekonomi Kelembagaan Pangan. LP3ES. Jakarta, 2005
[2] BPS NTB, Provinsi NTB dalam Angka tahun 2012. BPS NTB. Mataram, 2013
[3] FSVA, Peta Ketahanan dan Kerentanan Pangan Indonesia. Dewan Ketahanan Pangan Departement Pertanian. World Food Programe (WFP). Jakarta, 2009.
[4] Jonsson, U., and D. Toole. Household food security and nutrition: A conceptual analysis. New York: United Nations Children's Fund. Dalam Maxwell, D and T.R. Frankenberger. 1992. Urban livelihoods and food and nutrition security in Greater Accra, Ghana. IFRI in Collaborative with Noguchi Memorial for Medical Research and World Health Organization. Research Report No. 112. Washington, D.C, 1991.
[5] Karyadi LW. Strategi dan pengembangan masyarakat lokal menghadapai perubahan lingkungan akibat aktivitas pertambangan di daerah lingkar tambang PT. Newmont Nusa Tenggara. Universitas Mataram. Mataram, 2005.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Contested Identity Politics in Nepal: Implications from Tharu Movement
Country	:	Nepal
Authors	:	Mahendra Sapkota
	:	10.9790/0837-19711625

Abstract: Globally, research on social movements reveals relatively more about identity politics, but relatively less about the mechanism and causality of the identity formation. In this context, the paper analyses the formation of identity politics in Nepal from a view point of Tharu movement, one of the largest ethnic movements in the country. Despite having a long historical background, critics suggest that the Tharu movement is increasingly contested with identity politics. Sharing part of this critique, the paper argues that the Tharu movement has been undergone with the formation of collective identity incorporating the previously neglected issues of poverty, inequality and marginalization. Following critical discourse analysis, the paper concludes that the identity politics of Tharu movement has been formed in multiple dimensions of class, caste/ethnicity, gender, region, and development status.
Keywords: contested development, identity politics, narratives, social movement.

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[2]. K. McDonald, From solidarity to fluidarity: social movements beyond "collective identity"- the case of globalization conflicts. Social Movement Studies, 1, 2002, 109-128.
[3]. D. K. SinghRoy, Changing trajectory of social movements in India: Towards a holistic analytical perspective, in D. K, SinghRoy (Ed.), Dissentive Voices and Transformative Actions - Social Movements in a Globalized World (New Delhi: Manohar Publishers and Distributors, 2010) 135-188.
[4]. A. Bebbington, Poverty reduction and social movements: A framework with cases, Background paper for UNRISD's poverty report. UK: University of Manchester, 2009.
[5]. S.G. Tarrow, Power in movement: Social movements and contentious politics (Cambridge: CUP, 2011).