IOSR-JHSS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Bhaona, the Traditional Theatre Form of Assam, as an Instrument for Developing Moral Values
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Indranee Phookan Borooah* and Dr. Jerina Begum
	:	10.9790/0837-19740105

Abstract:The Vaishnavite saint and leader, Srimanta Sankardeva started a religio-cultural movement in Assam. Sankardeva's bhakti movement brought various communities under one philosophy of life with a systematized code of conduct and religious practice. Two institutions established by him were the Satra and Namghar. The Satra is a Vaisnav monastery, while Namghar is a prayer house.

[1]. Chatterji, S. K. (1998). The Eka-sarana Dharma of Sankaradeva: The Greatest Expression of Assamese Spiritual Outlook. In B. P. Chaliha, (Ed.), Sankaradeva: Studies in Culture (2nd Ed.), Srimanta Sankaradeva Sangha.
[2]. Eka_Sarana_Dharma : Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia :en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(Down loaded on 24.03.2014)
[3]. Goswami, N. C. (Ed.), (2010). Ankia Natakavali. Kaustubh Prakashan.
[4]. Hazarika, P. & Saikia Bora, I. (Eds.), (2013). Mahapurus Sankardev- Madhavdevar Ankia Nat Aru Jhumura. Srimanta Sankardev Sangha.
[5]. Hurlock, E. B. (1978). Child Development. McGraw-Hill International Book Company.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Burden of the Care Givers of Mentally Retarded Children
Country	:	India
Authors	:	K. Maheswari
	:	10.9790/0837-19740608

Abstract: The disintegration of joint family system has made the family units smaller and the rate of marriage breakdown has increased. In the same period, with the technological advance in medicine, the survival of children with disabilities has risen. It has been estimated that about 10 per cent of children experience developmental disorders requiring access to the health care system and extensive care giving, often throughout childhood and into the adult years. Community- based care settings may serve to increase demands on family members, it is essential to be more active participants in the care of their child. This present study was carried out to assess the burden experienced by the care givers of disabled children.

1]. Radhey Shyam., Kavita and Deepika Govil., (2014) Stress and Family Burden in Mothers of Children with Disabilities. International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies Vol 1, No.4, 152-159. [2]. Al-Kuwari MG., (2007)Psychological health of mothers caring for mentally disabled children in Qatar. Neurosciences (Riyadh). Oct;12(4):312-7.
[3]. Burnett, S.A., and Meares., P.A. (2000). Infants and toddlers with disabilities:
[4]. Relationship- Based Approaches. Social Work, 45,371-380.
[5]. Sujata Sethi, Subhash C. Bhargava, Vishal Dhiman (2007). Study of level of stress and burden in the caregivers of children with mental retardation. Eastern Journal of Medicine Vol.12, pp 21-24.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Portrayal of People with Disabilities in Print Media in Kenya
Country	:	Kenya
Authors	:	Gertrude Musuruve Inimah, Professor Elegwa Mukulu, Dr Ndeti Ndati
	:	10.9790/0837-19740916

Abstract: This paper is extracted from the findings of a research on media portrayal of people with disabilities in Kenya. The paper discusses the findings of objective 1 of the study.The purpose of this study was to investigate newspaper print media portrayal of people with disabilities in Kenya and the effect it had on societal attitude towards them. The study was guided by four theories, which were: The agenda setting theory, media representation theory, information processing theory and Information integration theory. The study was conducted among people working or attached to organizations for people with disabilities based in Nairobi county, Westlands division.

[1]. Aghan, D. (2007). Media Coverage of Gender and Disability in Kenya: A Situation Analysis. Study Report Submitted to Handicap International.
[2]. Byers, R. (2004). Media and disability. Glasgow: Sense Scotland.
[3]. Baran, S., & Davis, D. (2006). Mass Communication Theory. Bermont: Thomson Wdsworth.
[4]. Barnes, C., & BCODP (1992). Disabling Imagery and the Media: An Exploration of the Principles for Media Representations of Disabled People. Halifax: The British Council of Organisations of Disabled People and Ryburn Publishing Limited.
[5]. Catlet, S. (June, 1993). Newspaper images and messages: People with disabilities. Paperpresented at the Annual Meeting of the American association on Mental retardation,Washington, D.C.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	"Co-relating religious faith and community mobilization as a strategy for the economic empowerment of Muslim Women: A case study"
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Parveen A. Shaikh* & Dr. S. A. Kazi
	:	10.9790/0837-19741722

Abstract: Empowerment in general terms used for the socio-economic up-liftment of the individuals/groups/community members. And women empowerment has been a global issue and debate over the centuries. Muslim community has been considered as a backward community in India through the studies conducted by the Central Government. Sachar committee report says that "the status of Muslims in India is worse than the status of SC/STs of India". Hence we can assume how the condition of Muslim women is. There are several reasons given to this, out of which religious faith is a predominant one. Islam still rigorously follows the patriarchy system. Women are deprived of good education, job opportunities, freedom of choice etc. this situation emphasizes the need to adopt strategies to bring the women out of their houses if they have to be empowered. Co-relating the religious faith and mobilizing their community could be a great strategy. This study is an attempt to collect opinions of the same community in this regard.

[1]. http://www.aicmeu.org/Economic_Development_Plan_for_Indian_Muslims.htm
[2]. http://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/womensempowermentindiabriefs.pdf

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Usage Pattern of Electronic Resources among the Research Scholars in Anna University of Technology, Coimbatore and Its Affiliated Colleges
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr.L.Santhi, Dr.N.Radhakrishnan
	:	10.9790/0837-19742326

Abstract: The main focus of the research was to examine the Usage pattern of electronic resources by the research scholars from Engineering Institutions affiliated to Anna University of Technology, Coimbatore. The study was carried out for researchers who are doing Ph.D in Anna University, Coimbatore and its affiliated institutions to explore their usage pattern of electronic resources. Questionnaire method was used to examine and collect data from the research scholars.

[1]. Abdul Mannan Khan and Naved Ahmad (2009), "Use of e-journals by research scholars at Aligarh Muslim University and Banaras Hindu University", The Electronic Library, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.708-717.
[2]. Agboola I.O. (2010), "Use of print and electronic resources by agricultural science students in Nigerian universities", Library and Information Science Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp.62-65.
[3]. Amritpal Kaur (2006), "Use of e-resources by teachers and researchers of the science and Engineering & Technology faculties in Guru Nanak Dev University: A survey", proceeding of the National Convention on Knowledge, Library and Information Networking (NACLIN 2006), University of Jammu, Jammu, pp. 267-285.
[4]. Ansari M.N. (2010), "Use of Electronic Resources among academics at the University of Karachi" Library Philosophy and practice, ISSN: 1522-0222.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Changing Political Landscape of West Bengal: A Study of Lok Sabha Elections, 2009 & 2014
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Sherap Bhutia
	:	10.9790/0837-19742737

Abstract: The Constitution of India provides for a bicameral Parliament consisting of the President and two Houses known as the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha). With an over a billion people, the Republic of India is the world's largest democracy. The Lok Sabha elections will be held to 543 constituencies of India, while two seats will be reserved for nominations from the Anglo-Indian community. West Bengal has 42 parliamentary constituencies, out of which, 10 are reserved for candidates belonging to Scheduled Castes, and 2 are reserved for candidates belonging to Scheduled Tribes.

[1] Action Plan: SVEEP II: for Lok Sabha Elections 2014, New Delhi
[2] Election Commission of India, Constituency wise Detailed Results, Part II, General Elections 2009 (15th Lok Sabha)
[3] Election Commission of India, General Elections 2014, Scheduled of Elections, New Delhi
[4] Our Parliament, Lok Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi, June 2009.
[5] The Telegraph, Newspaper,Siliguri, Saturday, May 17, 2014
[6] The Statesmen, Newspaper, Siliguri, Saturday, May 17, 2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Rise of Feminism and the Growth of Black American Women Literature
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Prasanta Kumar Padhi
	:	10.9790/0837-19743842

Abstract: The tragedy of African-American women comes from racial segregation which is the result of long term slavery. Also it stems from gender discrimination. They had to live with the tortures of gender discrimination perpetrated by not only white men but also men of same race. For Black women, their concern with feminism is usually more group-centered than self-centered, more cultural than political. As a result, they tend to be concerned more with the particular female cultural values of their own ethnic group rather than with those of women in general. These are the most intriguing questions that have provoked the black feminists to think deeply and write on the themes and subjects that directly relate to the black woman culture. This movement chiefly got added strength with the support of writers like Weldon Johnson, Claude Mackay, Sterling Allen Brown, Nella Larsen, Jean Toomer, Zora Neale Hurston and many others who came forward expressing vigorously the life and problems of Black women in their writings. The new Negro or black American literature became forceful and most arresting chiefly because it was based on the real experiences as well as long miseries and sufferings of the black people under the slavery system much before the civil war. Since the entire literature was rooted in the real life and sufferings of the black, it has its direct appeal to the reading public.

Key words: Emancipation, struggle, portrayal, exploitation, awareness

[1]. Baker, Houghton A. "Autobiographical Acts and the Voices of the Southern Slave", in Charles T. Davis, and Henry Louis Gates, eds. The Slave‟s Narrative. New York, OUP, 1985, (242-61).
[2]. Beal, Frances, M. "Slave of a Slave No More: Black Women in Struggle", The Black Schola. Vol. 6, 6, March, 1975.
[3]. Cille, Ann Du. "The Occult of True Womanhood: Critical Demeanor and Black Feminist Studies". signs, Vol - 19, 3, Spring, 1994.
[4]. Davis, Angela. Women, Race, Class. London, The Women‟s Press, 1981.
[5]. Evans, Mari, ed. Personal Politics. New York, Doubleday, 1985
[6]. Fine, Reuben. Narcissism: The Self and the Society. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Inheritance Path of Traditional Festival Culture from the Perspective of Ghost Festival in Luju Town
Country	:	China
Authors	:	Jiayi Lu, Jianghua Luo
	:	10.9790/0837-19744347

Abstract: By participating in a series of activities of Ghost Festival on July 15th, teenagers naturally accept the ethical education of filial piety and benevolence. However, under the background of urbanization of villages, teenagers are away from their local families, and family controlling power and influence have been weakened. All these problems become prominent increasingly. As a result, the cultural connotations of Ghost Festival have been misinterpreted, and its survival and inheritance are facing a crisis. Therefore, we must grasp the essence in the inheritance of traditional cultures and make families and schools play their roles on the basis of combination of modern lives. Keywords: Ghost Festival, local villages, inheritance of culture, teenagers

[1] Chinese Academy of Social Sciences [M]. China's Social Science Documentation Publishing House, 2007(5).

[2] Luo Qirong, Yang Renxuan, Chinese Traditional Festivals [M] Beijing: Popular Science Press, 1986

[3] Zhang Gong, Cultural History of Buddhist Temples during Han and Tang Dynasties [M]. Beijing: China Social Science Press, 1997.

[4] Chen Jiujin, Lu Lianrong, Chinese Festivals and Their Origins [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Education Press, 1989. [5] (British) Fiona Bowie, The Anthropology of Religion: An Introduction [M] translated by Jin Ze and He Qimin, Chinese People's University Press, 2004.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Conditions and perceptions of the urban poor
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Padmaja Chetia
	:	10.9790/0837-19744852

Abstract: Urbanization is an important demographic shift worldwide. Developing countries accounts for a large and rapidly increasing proportion of world's urban dwellers. But men and women migrating to cities in search of better opportunities and more secure livelihood frequently fail to find either and eventually add to the existing number of poor. Although cities are centres of production, employment and innovation, the rapid urbanization also manifests itself in the form of congestion, inadequate infrastructure, housing shortage, poor access to basic urban services and proliferation of slums with degraded environment. Perceptions of urban poverty started to change in the late 1980s. There are a number of ways to define poverty in general and urban poverty in particular. The narrower view defines poverty as inadequate income or inadequate consumption. But the broader conception of urban poverty involves eight interrelated sets of deprivation: inadequate income, inadequate shelter, inadequate provision for public infrastructure, inadequate provision of basic services, limited or no safety net, inadequate protection of poorer groups' rights through the operation of the law and poorer groups' voicelessness and powerlessness within political systems and bureaucratic structure [1].

[1]. Mitlin, Diana, and David Satterthwaite, (Ed), responding to squatter citizens: the role of local governments and civil society in reducing urban poverty (London: Earthscan,2003)

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An Empirical Investigation of the Causality between Government Expenditure and Economic Growth in India during 1974-2010
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Karabee Medhi
	:	10.9790/0837-19745358

Abstract: The role of government spending in economic growth is always an issue of debate. Various studies across the world have tried to investigate how government spending can influence the growth of an economy and found various results. While some studies found a positive impact of government spending on growth some found a negative impact. Some researchers also found that there is no significant long term relationship between public spending and growth. This paper attempts to examine the relationship between government spending and GDP growth in India using annual data for the period 1974-2010, under the framework of cointegration and vector error correction mechanism. This study shows evidence of a long run equilibrium relationship between spending and growth in India. The findings also support a unidirectional causality from expenditure to GDP and thereby validate the applicability of Wagner's law in India.\

Keywords: Public expenditure, economic growth, granger causality, Wagner's law, cointegration, vector error correction model

[1]. B.S. Cheng , T. W.Lai, Government Spending and Economic Growth in South Korea: A VAR Approach, Journal of Economic Development,22(1), June 1997,11-24
[2]. B.Muhlis , C.Hakan,Causality between Public Expenditure and Economic Growth: The Turkish Case, Journal of Economic and Social Resaerch 6(1),2003,53-72
[3]. M. Yasin, Public Spending and Economic Growth: Empirical Investigation of Sub-Saharan Africa, Southwestern Economic Review, Vol 3,2003,59-68
[4]. W. Yuk, Government Size and Economic Growth: Time-Series evidence for the United Kingdom, Econometrics Working Paper EWP0501, University of Victoria, Department of Economics,2005

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Budgetary Control and Performance in Public Corporations in Osun State
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Olaoye, Festus Oladipupo, Ogunmakin, Adeduro Adesola
	:	10.9790/0837-19745962

Abstract: This study examined the budgetary control and performance in government parastals in Osun state, Nigeria. The primary objective was to determine the relationship between revenues and expenditures estimates and actuals. Five parastals were sampled using budgetary performance for five fiscal years (2007-2011). The Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to determine the existence of relationship. Findings revealed that there existed strong and weak negative relationship in the revenues and expenditures of the establishments over the periods selected, viz: Agricultural Corporation -0.28 (weak), Broadcasting Corporation -0.58 (strong), College of Education -0.41 (weak), Property Development Corporation -0.64 (strong) and Water Corporation -0.33 (weak). It is the opinion of this research to recommend that the budgeting process in those corporations needs a re-engineering to reflect the true picture of their fiscal ability and to be a guide to action and performance.

[1]. Abdullahi, A.M & Angus, O.U. (2012). Budget in Nigeria Public Sector: Need for Balanced Scorecard Perspective. International Journal of Finance and Accounting, 1(2): 1-6
[2]. Olurankinse, F. (2012). Due Process and Budget Implementation: An Evaluation of Nigerian Public Sector Auditing. Asian Journal of Finance and Accounting. Vol. 4, No. 2, ISSN 1946-052X
[3]. Akintoye, I.R. (2008). Budget and Budgetary Control for Improved Performance: A Consideration for Selected Food and Beverages Companies in Nigeria. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences. ISSN 1450-2275, Issue 12 (2008).
[4]. Kenneth, E.O. (2012). Fiscal Accountability Dilemma in Nigeria Public Sector: A Warning Model for Economic Retrogression. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting. Vol. 3, No. 6, ISSN 2222-1697.
[5]. Yakubu, S.A. (2011). Public Budget and Budgetary Control in Nigeria. Journal of Business and Organizational Development, vol. 3
[6]. Abogun, S & Fagbemi, T.O. (2012). The Efficacy of Budgeting as a Control Measure in Developing Economics: A Study from Nigeria. Asian Social Science Journal, vol. 8, issue 1, p176.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Psycho-educational Diagnostic Evaluation and Profiling of Learning Disabilities
Country	:	Singapore
Authors	:	Arnold Chee Keong Chua, Noel Kok Hwee Chia
	:	10.9790/0837-19746372

Abstract: This paper examines the subtest scaled scores from WISC-III and standard scores from six literacy tests of four primary school boys diagnosed separately to have dyslexia, hyperlexia, nonspecific reading disability, and nonverbal learning disability respectively. Through the psycho-educational diagnostic evaluation and profiling (PEDEP) assessment results, findings of this study show overlapping traits of the four learning disabilities and also support the working definitions of the respective disabilities. The study suggests that the four learning disabilities are not a discrete condition per se, but their symptoms are distributed on a continuum with manifestations in different subtypes and related anomalies. The primary aim of this paper is to inform professionals working with children with learning disabilities to be prudent when making diagnoses as there is no one foolproof assessment tool or procedure, and that a differential diagnosis is preferred in order to propose a definitive prognosis. Finally, limitations and implications are also discussed in this paper.

Keywords: dyslexia, garden-variety poor readers, hyperlexia, nonverbal learning disability, WISC profile

[1] Aaron, P.G. (1995). Differential diagnosis of reading disabilities. School Psychology Review, 24(3), 345-360.
[2] Aaron, P.G. (1997). The impending demise of the discrepancy formula. Review of Educational Research, 67, 461-502.
[3] American Hyperlexia Association (2005). Semantic pragmatic disorder. Retrieved December 17, 2013, from http://www.hyperlexia.org/spl.html
[4] American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders of mental disorders (4th ed.) (DSM-IV). Washington, DC: Author.
[5] American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders of mental disorders (5th ed.) (DSM-V). Washington, DC: Author.
[6] Atkin, K., & Lorch, M.P. (2006). Hyperlexia in a 4-year-old boy with autistic spectrum disorder. Journal of Neurolinguistics 19(4), 253-269.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Epidemiological Profiles of Murders and Murder Victims in Peninsular Malaysia from 2007 to 2011 as Reported by a Newspaper
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Mohammad Rahim K, Nadiah Syariani M.S, Geshina Ayu M.S
	:	10.9790/0837-19747381

Abstract: A five year (2007 - 2011) retrospective study on murder and murder victims in Peninsular Malaysia was carried out to build epidemiological profiles of victims and explore several mechanical profiles of murder. The data were based on reported murder incidents in Peninsular Malaysia by one of the local newspaper (News Straits Times). Throughout the five years, males outnumbered females as victims of murder. The age group most affected was 20 to 29 years old (23.3%) and the highest prevalence was among the Indian ethnic group (22.6%). The majority of the victims were local people. Most of the incidents involved single persons (92.6%) as murder victims. Most of the incidents occurred either between 6.00 pm and 12.00 am (30.2%) or between 12.01 am and 6.00 am (18.2%). The incidents appeared to frequently occur at home (36.6%), although most of the bodies were recovered in remote areas (43.5%) such as cemeteries and isolated estates. Sharp objects (31.0%) and sharp force trauma (30.1%) were the most preferred murder weapon and cause of deaths. The chest and abdomen (31.1%) were the most targeted body parts in killing victims, followed by the head (20.3%). This study also revealed expressive motivation (31.6%) as the apparent dominating cause of murder compared to instrumental motivation (19.4%). The emerged profiles were discussed in relation to murder, criminology and victimology contexts.

Keywords: Demographic profile, Malaysia, mechanical profile, murder, newspaper

[1]. M, Adinkrah, Spousal homicide in contemporary Ghana, Journal of Criminal Justice, 36, 2008, 209-216.
[2]. V.N. Ambade, and H.V. Godbole, Comparison of Wound Patterns in Homicide by Sharp and Blunt Force, Forensic Science International, 156, 2006, 166–170.
[3]. K.I, Au, and S.L. Beh, S.L. Injury patterns of sharp instrument homicides in Hong Kong, Forensic Science International, 204, 2010, 201-204.
[4]. S. Bhupinder, T.K, Kumara, and A.M. Syed, A.M. Pattern of homicidal deaths autopsied at Penang Hospital, Malaysia, 2007-2009, Malaysian Journal of Pathology, 163 (2), 2010, 81-86.
[5]. R. Block, and C. Block, C. Homicide Syndromes and Vulnerability: Violence in Chicago‟s Community Areas over 25 years, Studies on Crime and Crime Prevention, 1992, 61-87.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Affordable Housing Stress among Middle-Income Group
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Dr. Shadiya Mohamed Saleh Baqutayan
	:	10.9790/0837-19748290

Abstract: This paper estimates the impact of various factors on housing stress among middle-income group in Malaysia. It projects that if issues on affordable housing were increased the rate of housing stress would also increase. Differences in disposable income, unsafe houses, poor repair, staying far from work, family or other supports, high rent price, remaining far from doctor/healthcare, children school/University/college, living in a house that is too crowded or shared with others, and the needs to spend more money on transports are considered the main causes for housing stress. This paper reinforces the conclusions of previous studies of a range of rules to tackle the housing affordability problem, and emphasises on the need for more affordable housing that is sustainable and liveable at the same time, so that there will be no housing stress among people.

Keywords: Affordable Housing, Housing Stress, Stress among Middle-Income Group, Sustainable Development

[1]. Animashaun, I. A. (2010). Provision of residential housing and environmental development in
[2]. Calabar: Policy Contradictions. Retrieved from: http://www.readperiodicals.com/201001/2307422931.html
[3]. Bhatta, B. (2009), Analysis of urban growth pattern using remote sensing and GIS: a case study of Kolkata, India International Journal of Remote Sensing, 4733-4746 [4]. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (2008). Affordable Housing. Retrieved May 22, 2014, from: http://www.bcnpha.ca/media/Research/affordable%20housing%20backgrounder09.pdf
[5]. Chiali, K. C., & Choon, A., (2014). People‟s perception of affordable housing. Retrieved June 4, 2014, from: http://www.starproperty.my/index.php/articles/property-news/peoples-perception-of-affordable-housing/
[6]. Darebin City Council (2010). Responding to housing stress A Local Action Plan for Darebin. Retrieved June 5, 2014, from: http://www.darebin.vic.gov.au/Files/6_September_2010_Item_8.4_Appendix_A_-_Darebin_Local_Action_Plan_on_Housing_Stress.pdf

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Analysis of Interethnic Conflicts and Peace Building between 1992 And 2010 In Molo District, Kenya
Country	:	Kenya
Authors	:	Mr. James Karori
	:	10.9790/0837-197491102

Abstract: There have been recurring violent inter-ethnic conflicts in Molo District every five years since the dawn of multiparty democracy in Kenya in 1991. The need for peace in Molo region of Kenya has been recognised in various Church Reports especially in the Catholic Justice and Peace Commission of the Catholic Diocese of Nakuru (CDN). The CDN started the Programme of Peace Building in Molo District to assist people from different communities appreciate their roles in human development and develop positive attitudes towards peaceful co-existence and harmonious living. In spite of this, inter-ethnic conflicts have persisted in the District, especially during general elections. The specific objectives of the study were to establish the genesis of interethnic conflicts in Molo District 1992 and to examine the role of the CDN in peace building and conflict resolution in the area. The study relied on qualitative research design and used purposive sampling procedure to identify a sample of 105 respondents who were among the beneficiaries of the resettlement programme in the District. These included priests and leaders of the CJPC from both Diocesan and Parish levels. The study was informed by the theory of functionalism which explains the structures of the society and thus used the symbol of 'brotherhood' to explore the role of the CDN in peace building. The study focused on the strategies used by the Catholic Church and their effectiveness in dealing with peace building challenges. The key findings of the study are that the interethnic conflicts in Molo District are mainly caused by among others factors: politically representation, land and other economic activities. Furthermore, the study established that the CDN is playing the role of peace building in the District by empowering people economically and emphasising on equality of all people.

[1]. Alumina Report, 1996-2006). Catholic Diocese of Nakuru. Nakuru; Nakuru Press
[2]. CJPC Strategic Plan 2004-2007 Nakuru.
[3]. Flannery, A. (1975). Second Vatican Council Document. Rome; Pauline Publication
[4]. Government of Kenya (2001). Students Discipline and Unrest in Secondary School in Kenya (Wangai Report). Nairobi: Government Printers.
[5]. Kenya Land Alliance, (2004), "National Land Policy in Kenya: Addressing Historical Injustices". Issues Paper No. 2.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	How Books Maketh a Man
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Prof. G.Anburaj, Prof. W. Christopher Rajasekaran, Ms. Ruchika Mahajan, Ms. Hyma Francis
	:	10.9790/0837-1974103106

Abstract: The journal has brought in the various stages reading creates in an individual's life and how it advances to impact an entire society at a later stage. Reading influences everyone beyond age limits and serves as an everlasting way to learning. Children start learning to read by reciting nursery rhymes and repeating alphabets. This then progresses at different pace depending on individual capabilities and opportunities to learn. Reading books has a great influence on ones fluency and hence voracious readers tend to catch up the language faster. Reading results in acquiring knowledge and this knowledge does not remain within oneself, instead, is passed on to inspire and enlighten many people in diverse fields, who can bring in drastic changes to our country's functioning. Books at one point of time paved way for many to vent their feeling especially during the wars when they found it difficult to survive the pain and agony inflicted. Such books are important records of great revolutions and indicate how our culture has taken shape.

Key Words: colloquial language, clichés, apathy, derogatorily,

[1]. Todd Parr, Reading Makes You Feel Good, printice hall press; Apr 1, 2009
[2]. Richard J. Davidson, Sharon Begley, The Emotional Life of Your Brain: How Its Unique Patterns Affect the Way You Think, Feel, and Live--and How You Can Change Them, Town send press; March 1, 2012
[3]. John Langan, Ten Steps to Advancing College Reading Skills: Reading Level: 9, Townsend Press; January 4, 2010
[4]. Amy Buswell, Bruce Lansky, Stephen Carpenter Giggle, Poetry Reading Lessons: A Successful Reading-Fluency Program Parents and Teachers Can Use to Dramatically Improve Reading Skills and Scores, Kindle Edition; June 10, 2014
[5]. Sara Gruver, Reading Skills Mini-Lesson, Prentice Hall Press; November 2, 2004

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Framing the Globalization-Migration Debate: ContinuingImpact of U.S. Economic Crises on Indian H1-B Immigrant Professionals in America
Country	:	USA
Authors	:	Ishani Mukherjee, Ph.D.
	:	10.9790/0837-1974107116

Abstract: The politics of migration though not novel has been given a renewed meaning by the processes of globalization and transnationalism, especially by way of providing heightened economic opportunities to foreign professionals in developed host countries. However, the aftermath of recent economic recession in North America has created a continued climate of professional uncertainty for several employment-based immigrant professionals, including Asian-Indian immigrants who possess specialized skills and are currently working in the U.S. on employment-based visas such as the H1-B visa category.In the context of thedebate between economic self-interest and localizedstate-interest, it is imperative to examine the frames of political and socio-cultural discourse surrounding the debate, especially to enquire,'who the agents framing the processes of globalization, migration and localization are,' and 'which rhetorical frame/s are most salient in terms of creating a consensus between economic stability and continued migration?' Using the Asian-Indian immigration-uncertainty model as a case study for the fiscal and international labor-relation fallout of the U.S. economic meltdown, this essay will critically review consequences of attitudes toward U.S. immigration policies within the last decade, and their economic, cultural, and political effects on the substantially large, professional Indian diaspora.
Keywords: Framing,Globalization, Immigration, Indian H1-B Professionals, U.S. Economic Crises

[1] M. Wolf, Why globalization works. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004).
[2] R. Zeidner, Does the United States need foreign workers? Cover Story of HR Magazine, June 2009, 42-47.
[3] U.S.C.I.S., H-1B specialty occupations, DOD cooperative research and development project workers, and fashion models. Retrieved from: http://www.uscis.gov/working-united-states/temporary-workers/h-1b-specialty-occupations-and-fashion-models/h-1b-specialty-occupations-dod-cooperative-research-and-development-project-workers-and-fashion-models
[4] V. Wadhwa, Don't blame H-1B workers for woes. Business Week, Feb.10. 2009. Retrieved from: http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/feb2009/tc2009029_333899.htm?chan=top+news_top+news+index+-+temp_technology
[5] J. Lessinger, Indian immigrants in the United States: The emergence of a transnational population. In B. Parekh, G. Singh & S. Vertovec (Eds.), Culture and Economy in the Indian Diaspora (New York: Routledge, 2003) 165-182.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Theory of Dystopia Unfolded - A Bird's-eye View of Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay's "The Insect"
Country	:	India
Authors	:	M. Geetha
	:	10.9790/0837-1974117119

Abstract: Dystopia is a term which was used by John Stuart Mill in 1868 when he gave speech in the British House of Commons criticizing the government‟s Irish land policy. It is the opposite of the term "utopia‟ which was taken from Sir Thomas More‟s novel. While utopia is an imaginary place where everything is pleasant, dystopia is a place where everything is unpleasant. In literature the concept of dystopia is often used to depict a futuristic society which is in a degraded state. Dystopian literature warns the society about the consequences of degraded living. Oxford Advanced Learner‟s Dictionary defines the word "dystopia‟ as "an imaginary place or state in which everything is extremely bad or unpleasant.‟ Dystopia constantly explores the concept of technology going far beyond the control of human hold. Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay‟s The Insect is a short story translated from Bengali by Subrata Banerjee. The story revolves around the unimaginable future where every individual is robbed of their unique name and identity, given a mechanical life to be led as directed, and monitored constantly by an electronic insect. The story narrates the encounter between two characters Rikta and Jaba who succeed in breaking away from the monotonous dystopian life. This paper attempts to highlight the dystopian features in the short story. It also attempts to underscore the relative ideologies and hidden concepts in the story.

Keywords: Crisis, Dystopia, dystopian, futuristic, identity, technology

[1] "Dystopia - George Orwell Links." Charles' George Orwell Links - Biographies, Essays, Novels, Reviews, Images. Web. 11 Aug. 2011. [2] "Dystopia." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Aug. 2011.

[3] "Greed Quotes." WorldOfQuotes.com - Quotes and Proverb Archive. Web. 16 Aug. 2011.

[4] Mukhopadhyay, Shirshendu. "The Insect." Trans. Subrata Banerjee. Indian Literature Golden Jubilee Issue. Nov-Dec 2007 ed. Vol. LI. New Delhi: Sahita Akademi, 2007. 66-72. Print. Ser. 6.

[5] Shapiro, Ron. "Postmodernism and the End of 'Humanism'?" Surviving Postmodernism: Some Ethical and Not so Ethical Debates in the Media and Universities. London: Sangam, 1998. 19-33. Print.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Panchrakhi Village, Hugli District, West Bengal, India
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dipanwita De, Sayani Banerjee, Sumana Ghosh
	:	10.9790/0837-1974120126

Abstract: The term land use may be defined as the putting up parcel of land for any purposes. Presence of human being on earth and his use of land had profound effect on the natural environment and vice versa; which results into an observable change in the land use and land cover over time. The study of land use is an urgent for resource planning, cultural advancement as well as overall development of a nation. The present study attempts to identify the spatio- temporal changes of land use land cover in Panchrakhi village of district Hugli, over the time span of 40 years. The study reveals that the orchard farming is an important land use pattern of this area but very recently it is decreasing at a slow pace. Vegetation cover of this region is almost wiped out and built up land is extending quite usually with growing population pressure.

Key Words: cultural advancement, land cover, land use, resource planning, spatio-temporal change

[1] P.K.Sharma, B.P. Lahkhar, Ghosh, A.Rabha, J.P. Das, N.K. Dey, N.Brahma, Land-use Land-cover Change and Future Implication Analysis in Manas National Park, India, Using multi-temporal satellite data, Current Science, 95 (2),2008,223.
[2] A. Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Liberty Fund: Indianopolis, 1776)
[3] A. Marshall, Principles of Economics (London: Macmillan, 1890).
[4] A.A. Klingebiel, and P.H. Montgomery, Land Capability Classification, USDA-SCS Agricultural Handbook (210. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC, 1961).
[5] N. Hudson, Soil Conservation (London, B.T.Batsford Ltd, 1971).
[6] A. Young, Tropical Soils and Soil Survey (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976) 468.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	English in India: A Socio-Psychological Paradox
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shaivya Singh, Smriti Singh
	:	10.9790/0837-1974127130

Abstract: The present study attempts to discuss the problematic of English in India. We aim to look at the socio-psychological factors motivating the extensive use of English among the Indian speakers. English language has become a part of the politics of ever expanding English empire in India. The interpretation and the basic structure of English may be same but is always used in different manner. The Indians who use English in the academic or professional discourse do not pray or cry in English. Slowly English is becoming the de facto national language; especially for the elite. Though English a non native variety, can be legitimately called 'Indians' English' is undoubtedly a link language in India, but at the same time it does not connect and link rural India with rest of the country. At present English in India is divided in two – English knowing class who governs and the non English knowing class who are governed. This facilitates in the germination of linguistic imperialism and cultural colonialism. English is not the intimate language but its demand among the masses is gaining ground. Keywords: English, Indian English, Problematic, Social Psychology, linguistic imperialism, cultural colonialism

[1]. Mallikarjun, B. Language Policy for Education in Indian States: Karnataka, Language in India, Vol. 2, 2002, December

[2]. Pattanayak, D.P. Study of Languages. A Report (New Delhi NCERT, 1986). (Unpublished)
[3]. Phillipson, R. Linguistic imperialism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992).
[4]. Young G. M. (Ed.). Speeches by Lord Macaulay with his Minute on Indian Education (Oxford University Press, London, 1935).

[5]. Fasold, R. What National Languages are Good For. In Coulmas (Ed.) With Forked Tongues: What Are National Languages Good For? (Singapore: Karoma publishers, 1988).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Challenges being faced by women in ascending to decision making positions in the hotel sector in Zimbabwe
Country	:	Zimbabwe
Authors	:	Molline C. Mwando, Patrick W. Mamimine, Farayi P. Kanokanga, Felistas Chimutingiza
	:	10.9790/0837-1974131136

Abstract: In order for women to ascend to decision making positions first and foremost women must acknowledge that power is a contested resource and men cannot give it up on a platter. This paper explored the challenges being faced by women in ascending to decision making positions in the hotel sector in Zimbabwe. Despite an increase in the number of highly educated and professional women, the majority of them do not seem to occupy top posts in the corporate world especially in the hotel sector. An interview guide was used to gather data from a sample of 40 middle and lower level female managers. In- depth interviews were conducted with a sample of 10 respondents from top management. Both purposive and convenience sampling were used to select the participants. Research findings indicated that both male and female subordinates harboured a condescending attitude towards females in decision making positions. This primarily stemmed from the patriarchal nature of Zimbabwean society in which culture destined women to play subservient roles to men thereby `ring-fencing' decision making as primarily a male domain. Besides the scourge of patriarchy, other critical challenges faced by women in ascending to decision making positions were power-phobia and fear of social backlash of the decision making function. Seemingly, the issue of addressing challenges to women's ascension to decision making positions in the hotel sector needs to be tackled structurally and holistically by observing Zimbabwe's constitutional provisions which places men and women at par (50-50) in all spheres of human endeavour.

Keywords: Challenges. Power phobia, social black lash, decision making positions, hotel sector

[1] T. Baum, International Perspectives on Women and Work in Hotels, Catering and Tourism – Working Paper 1/2013 for the International Labour Organisation (ILO 2013)
[2] J. Kiamba, Women and Leadership Positions: Social and Cultural Barriers to Success, Women Activism for Gender Equality for Africa 6 Special issue 2008
[3] A. Zinyemba A.. Leadership challenges for women managers in the hospitality and financial services in Zimbabwe, International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences 2 (4) 2013 50-57
[4] A.Davenport Tips for Maintaining Great Female Leaders, Goodwin and Associates http://www.womeninhospitality.com/article-library/2008-01-15

[6] U.Sekeran, and F Leong Women Power, Managing in Times of Demographic Turbulence,( Sage Publications 1989)

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Opposition Politics in Nigeria: A Study of South West
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Aborisade Olasunkanmi
	:	10.9790/0837-1974137141

Abstract: This paper delves into the nature of opposition in politics generally and specifically in South-West Nigeria. The paper argues that opposition politics in South-West is a matter of policy as such if the incumbent's actions are in line with the policies of the opposition group that person will enjoy the support of the opposition. The role of opposition is sacrosanct as it is essential to the smooth running of any representative democracy. The government should therefore, at all levels strive to do away with any policy that will thwart the effort of opposition, because in Nigeria most of the weaknesses of the opposition parties emanate from the incumbents' hostile policies, which are mostly aimed at fragmenting and weakening the opposition groups.

KeyWords: Democracy, Government, Nigeria, Opposition, Policies, President, Politics, Representative

[1]. Augustine Afile:///C:/Documents/9691-emergence-of-virile-opposition.htmlaccessed 18/6/2011
[2]. Bell, D.(2000)The End of Ideology: On the Exhaustion of Political Ideas in the Fifties (2nded.). Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, pg. 393
[3]. Diefenbaker, J. G. "The Role of the Opposition in Parliament," Address to the EmpireClub of Canada, Toronto, 27 October 1949.
[4]. Emeka, A.D.(2011)Raising the stakes of opposition politics.
[5]. File:///C:/Documents/searchopposition.htmAccessed26/6/2011 Franklin, O.(2011)File:///c:/Documents/nigeria-new-face-of-opposition.htm Accessed july30,2011

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	''Broadcasting Indian TV Serials In Bangladesh: The Beginning of the Social Change': A Study on Present Situation of Bangladesh
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Dilafroze Khanam , Mohammad Mufajjal Sarwar , Tareq Mahamud Abir
	:	10.9790/0837-1974142150

Abstract: This article aims at portraying the present situation of Indian TV channels and Indian TV programs in our country identifying the major weak points of Bangladeshi channels according to the respondents view. Moreover, this article also tries to show viewers addiction level to those programs especially to the Indian TV serials and the reasons behind the high popularity of those serials among all ages, sexes and education levels. In addition, this paper argues that in future our unlimited interest in Indian serials will affect our norms, values, socialization process, social institutions and especially our future generation.

Keywords: Indian TV Serials, Social Change, Indian TV channels, Bangladeshi channels, socialization, social institutions

[1]. Anwar, Bushra Sameeha (2005) Hindi Serials, The Daily Star Home, The Daily Star. Bangladesh.
[2]. Ghale Neeru and Karna Rosy, (2009) Hindi Daily Soap Rocks the Fashion World,A Term paper, Date of submission- January 8, 2009 Submitted to – Miss Amy Lam, Lund University, Sweden,
[3]. Huda Zeenat (2007) Emergence of Satellite Television and Enigmatic Geo-Political Strategy of Bangladesh Government, Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology, Volume 4, No.1.
[4]. Wikipedia (2013) Soap Opera, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soap_opera; 15 August, 2013.
[5]. Munshi Shoma, (2008) Television Soaps Play a Role in Empowering Women, http://www.deccanherald.com/content/37364/television-soaps-play-role-empowering.html

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Moral Commitment: A Preliminary Reflection on Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Aborisade Olasunkanmi
	:	10.9790/0837-1974151154

Abstract: This paper examines the extent of the moral commitment in Nigeria.Moral commitment is a species of commitment to a counter factual condition: that is, a standing commitment to live up to moral demands.The counterfactual-condition account of moral commitment can successfully defuse the worries they express about the effects of absence of moral commitment in our society. Today, Nigeria is now deeply infected by the deadly disease called immoral or unethical conduct. All Nigeria's institutions including, political, social and economic institutions manifest this symptoms of indiscipline. The Moral commitment is to restore the moral fiber of the Nigeria society. Nigerians should aspire to formulate a framework that will established a broad consensus on the kind of values the nation should uphold, as well as a standard against which the moral character of citizens will be measured. The paper concludes that the shared moral values are the bedrock of any decent society, where selfishness and greed give way to the promotion of the common good

Key words: Ethics, Commitment, Morals, Values

[1] Aina S 1992. Personnel Management in Nigeria: A WorkCentral Approach, Lagos: Grey Resources Limited.
[2] Boaz, M. 1972. Code of ethics: Professional. InEncyclopedia of Library and Information Science,245–252.
[3] Donalson, J. 1990. Key issues in business ethics. London:Academy Press.
[4] Jefferson, R.N. & Contreras, S. 2005. Ethical perspectivesof Library and Information Science graduate studentsin the United States. New Library World, 106
[5] Muganda AA 1999. The Corruption Scourge in Africa: itscauses, impact and control. In: K Frimpong, GJacques (Eds.): Corruption, Democracy and GoodGovernance in Africa: Essays on Accountability andEthical Behaviour. Botswana: South AfricanUniversities Social Science Conference, pp. 41-48.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Mapping Flood Vulnerability arising from Land use/Land covers Change along River Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Ejenma, E.,Sunday, V.N.,Okeke,O., Eluwah, A.N., Onwuchekwa, I.S.
	:	10.9790/0837-1974155160

Abstract: This study attempted to assess the spatial impact of river Kaduna flooding of Kaduna South LGA on the surrounding areas using High Resolution Satellite Imagery. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was developed with Arc. GIS.10 version to identify flood prone areas along the middle course of the river. A flow accumulation model was created using the DEM and was reclassified into very high risk, high risk, moderate risk, low risk and very low risk zones using equal interval of separation based on elevation. This was overlaid on the map of the settlement extracted from land use/land cover classification of 1990, 2006 and 2010 landsat ETM+ images using ENVI version 4.7 to produce a vulnerability map of the area. The result of the analysis shows that about 30% equivalent to 17.76km2 of 59.03km2 is at very high risk to flood and the remaining 70% is either moderate or at low risk. It was shown that a flood map can be effectively used in public enlightenment, disaster response planning and flood risk management. This study demonstrated the contribution of geospatial methods in mitigating and monitoring the effects of flooding along river Kaduna and environs.

Keywords: land use/land cover, river Kaduna, river flooding, geospatial, disaster

[1]. Goel, N. K.; Than, H.H. and Arya, D.S (2005). Flood hazard mapping in lower part of Chindwin river basin, Myammar. International conference on innovation advances and implementation of flood forecasting technology, Tromso, Norway.
[2]. Harun, S. (2009). Remote sensing techniques for flood mapping in Bangladesh, Clark University, Bangladesh.
[3]. Hewitt, K. and Burton, I. (1971). The hazardonsness of a place: a regional geology of damaging events. University of Toronto, dept. of geography research publication 5, p.154.
[4]. Jeb, D. N. and Aggarwal, S.P. (2008). Flood inundation hazard modeling of the river Kaduna using remote sensing and geographic information systems. Journal of applied sciences research. pg. 182-183.
[5]. Ojigi, M.C. (2010). Flood hazard and risk mapping of Birni Kebbi and environs using geospatial techniques. Journal of geographic information science vol. 1 no. 1.
[6]. Ojigi, M.C. and Shaba, A.H. (2012). Integration of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery and Digital Terrain Model for determining flood water threshold in Sokoto and environs, Nigeria. Proceedings of the Geo-information society of Nigeria and Nigerian Cartographic Association (NCA) joint annual workshop/conference held at Regional Centre for Training in Aerospace Surveys (RECTAS) Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, 19th – 22nd Nov. 2012. pg 291 -303.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Children and Youth for hire: a case study of the Sungu Sungu in rural Kenya
Country	:	Kenya
Authors	:	Caroline Marygorety Akinyi Otieno
	:	10.9790/0837-1974161167

Abstract: The paper examines social movements and networks the youth in Kenya have formed in the past decades. World over, social movements are a type of group action with focus on specific political or social issues. In other words, they carry out, resist or undo a social change. Social network on the other hand is a social structure made up of a set of social actors with dyadic ties providing a set of methods for analyzing the structure of the whole social entities, as well as theories explaining the patterns observed in these structures. The youth in Kenya namely Bagdaad, Mungiki, Sungu sungu, Kamjesh, Chinkororo, Musumbiji, Pwani si Kenya and many others are in a unique kind of social movement because of having similar background of social economic status which has driven them to the situations they are in today thus making them vulnerable in the society. The objective of the study is to demonstrate the social dynamics of post Independent African economies that Government are turning a blind eye on. The study will be guided by the theory of Anomie which explains that environment shapes the individual in society and mass society theory which argues that social movements provide a sense of empowerment and belonging that the movement members would otherwise not have since such members may have been socially detached. The methodology use observation, key informants interview with group members to find out the factors that have compelled them into such life styles. It is hoped that the findings of this study could help to inform policy, which will improve the lives of these people so that they can leave such social networks and movements where they make fellow citizens live in fear.

Key words: youth, social movements, social networks, vulnerability

[1]. Al Shahid Network. (2010) Wilfred Mulliro. "Kenya Declares Somalia's Al Shabab Among Organised Illegal Gangs." http://english.alshahid.net/archives/14255 [Accessed 20 Apr. 2014]
[2]. Judie Kaberia (2008) "Parliament to Investigate Activities of Illegal Groups." http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2008/07/parliament-to-investigate-activities-of-illegal- groups/
[3]. Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), (2012) Tom Rhodes. "Attacks on the Press in 2011." http://www.cpj.org/2012/02/attacks-on-the-press-in-2011-a-killing-and-a-cover.php

[4]. The Daily Nation. 7 February (2012) "Call to Lock Out Kenyan Police from Business." http://allafrica.com/stories/201202080597.html
[5]. _____. 23 September (2010) "Police Step Up Search for Residents' Killers."