IOSR-JHSS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-10 ~ Oct-2015

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Contribution of Rural Non-farm Activities in Household Income Generation: A Study on Khulna Region
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Nishad Nasrin || Tanjila Wahid

Abstract: The study aims to determine the contribution of rural non-farm activities in household income generation. The study is based on primary data and a total of 110 samples have been selected from two villages of Batiaghata upazila. The data have been collected through questionnaire method. In this study, Ordinary Least Squares and hypothesis testing are used to trace the contribution of rural non-farm and farm activities in household income generation. The result shows that there is significant mean difference between the monthly household income generations by rural non-farm activities and farm activities which is statistically significant at 1% level. The household income generation from non-farm activities is higher than income generating from farm activities by BDT 5200. After that, regression model is used to show the influence of different factors that affect both farm and non-farm activities.

[1] Reardon, T. (1997). Using Edidence of Household Income Diversification to inform Study of the Rural Non farm Labour Market in Africa, World Development, 25 (5), pp. 735-748.

[2] Madaki, J. U. and Adefila, J. O. (2014). Contributions of Rural Non-farm Economic Activities to Household Income in Lere Area, Kaduna State of Nigeria, International Journal of Asian Social Science, 4(5), pp. 654-663.

[3] Reardon, T. (1997). Using Edidence of Household Income Diversification to inform Study of the Rural Non farm Labour Market in Africa, World Development, 25 (5), pp. 735-748.

[4] Janvry, D. A. and Sadoulet, E. (2001). Income Strategies among Rural Households in Mexico: The Role of Off- Farm Activities, World Development, 29(3), pp. 467-480.

[5] Ruben, R. and Berg, M. V. D. ( 2001). Non Farm Employment and poverty Alleviation of Rural Households in Honduras, World Development, 29(3), pp. 549-560.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Oil Wealth and Underdevelopment in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Makodi Biereenu-Nnabugwu || Andrew O. Obiajulu || Nobert Chijioke Abah

Abstract: This study interrogates the interface between oil wealth, poverty and underdevelopment in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. It identifies the region as the nine of the seventeen states in the southern part of Nigeria. Rich in oil, gas and bitumen the region covers about 70,000sq km in land area. The region shares some geographical and human affinity with human and natural endowments with the broad mouth of the River Niger. In the main, the character of Nigeria's colonial experience, rentier status, dysfunctional growth, man-made and natural disasters and the attendant frustration are identified as the salient factors of poverty and underdevelopment in the Niger Delta.

[1]. A.Gboyega,T. Soreide, T. M. Le, and G. P. Shukla. Political economy of the petroleum sector in Nigerian policy research workshop paper 5779b, (The World Bank, Africa Region. August WPS5779, 2011 p8). See also http://econ.worldbank.org
[2]. Based 1991 population estimate
[3]. F. O.A. Dada, G. M. Jibrin and A.Ijeoma , Macmillan Nigeria secondary atlas (Lagos, Macmillan, 2006)
[4]. E Ojameruaye, Deploying oil wealth to reduce poverty in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria: lessons from the chadian model" (http://waado.org/Environment/Remediation/chadian-model-niger-delta.htm., 2004 p.4)
[5]. O. Otoghagua, . trends and contemporary issues on regimes of Nigerian heads of state. (Benin: Otoghagua, 2007)
[6]. W. Ziemann and M. Lanzendorfer, The state in peripheral society, Socialist Register (Volome53, 1977) [7] p. 143 -151
[7]. W. Rodney, How Europe underdeveloped Africa London, Bogle-L "Ouverture publications, 1972)

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Users' Satisfaction towards the Sumer-house Facility in University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Country	:	Sri Lanka
Authors	:	Jayantha K. || D.L.I.H.K. Peiris

Abstract: Consumers of a university should be satisfied with the physical environnement and services provided by a university. This descriptive study is on determining the satisfaction of users on the summer-house facility, a component of the University physical environment provided by Kelaniya University's administration. User satisfaction towards five dimensions viz. summer house's usefulness, maintenance, accessibility, amenity and construction was measured using a self-developed questionnaire. Questionnaire, using interval sampling was delivered among 400 summer-house users.

[1]. Kkhorasani1Gholamreza, and Zeyun Li, A Study on Student's Satisfaction towards the Campus Transit System in Universiti Sains Malaysia, International Journal of Research in Business Management, 2(4), 2014, 7-16. Available at: https:// www.academia. edu/ 6533560/A_STUDY_ON_STUDENTS_SATISFACTION_TOWARDS_THE_CAMPUS_TRANSIT_SYSTEM_IN_UNIVERSITISAINS_MALAYSIA
[2]. Uka Ana, Student Satisfaction As An Indicator Of Quality In Higher Education, Journal Of Educational And Instructional Studies In The World, 4(3), 2014, 6-10. Available at: www.wjeis.org/FileUpload/ds217232/File/02.uka-.pdf
[3]. Abbasi Nauman Muhammad, Malik Ali, Chaudhry Sharif Imran, and Imdadullah Muhammad, A Study on Student Satisfaction in Pakistani Universities:The Case of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Pakistan, Asian Social Science, 7(7), 2011, 209-219. Available at:www.ccsenet.org/ass
[4]. Asiabaka P. Ihuoma, The Need for Effective Facility Management in Schools in Nigeria, New York Science Journal, n.d., 10-21. Available at: http://www.sciencepub.org

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Research Study on Overall Performance of Kudumbashree Unit With Reference To Beeranthabail of Kasargod District, Kerala state
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Santhosh Prabhu M.

Abstract: India is one of the newly industrialised economies in the world, but the growth factor is unevenly distributed. Hence inclusive growth of India comes through the financial inclusion. To attain this objective, the Government is initiating various programmes. There are various microfinance institutions, Self Help Groups playing very important role in this regard. The Kudumbashree programme was initiated by Government of Kerala in 1998. The slogan of the mission is "Reaching out to families through women and reaching out to community through families".

1]. Jacob John, A Study on Kudumbashree Project, A Poverty Eradication Programme in Kerala: Performance, Impact and Lessons for other States sponsored by Planning Commission of India, 2009.
[2]. K. Asoora., The study on the performance of Kudumbashree- A microfinance programme in Kerala, Sai Om Journal of Commerce & Management, ISSN -2347-7563 Volume 1, Issue 9 (September, 2014)
[3]. Nidheesh K.B., Study on the changing process of Kerala women through Kudumbashree in Kerala. International NGO Journal, (4)8, 352-361 (2009)
[4]. Oomen, Microfinance and Poverty alleviation: The case of Kerala Kudumbashree, Working paper 17, center for socio-economic & environmental studies, Kochi, 2008.
[5]. Shihabudheen N (2012) Role of Micro enterprises in women empowerment: Evidence from "Kudumbasree" units in Ernakulum district in Kerala. IOSRJHSS Vol.3 No 6.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Promotion Strategies on the Organizational Commitment of Banking Sector Employees in Kenya
Country	:	Kenya
Authors	:	Edith W. M. Gathungu || Dr. Mike A. Iravo || Prof. G.S. Namusonge

Abstract: This study sought to assess the effect of promotion practices on the employee commitment in the banking industry in Kenya. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from employees in different commercial banks. Correlation results reveal that Promotion has a weak relationship with commitment at r = 291, p < 0.001, at the 0.01 level of significance. Further analysis revealed that promotion has a negative and significant relationship with commitment (Beta = -0.022, at p>0.05). The study divided the target population into two groups, those on contract and permanent employees. The results indicate that promotion had a significant relationship with commitment for contract (p=0.000) while for permanent employees, there was no significant relationship (p=0.443).

[1]. Yew LT. Understanding the antecedents of affective organizational commitment and turnover intention of academics in Malaysia : The organizational support theory perspectives. African J Bus Manag. 2011;5(7):2551–62.
[2]. Kataria A, Garg P, Rastogi R. Employee Engagement and Organizational Effectiveness : The Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Intern J Bus Insights Transform [Internet]. 2013;6(1):102–13. Available from: http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=0341343f-f115-4a3c-83ab-9018eb15c699@sessionmgr4002&vid=1&hid=4211
[3]. Markos S, Sridevi S. Employee Engagement : The Key to Improving Performance. Int J Bus Manag. 2010;5(12):89–96.
[4]. Paliszkiewicz J. Orientation on Trust and Organizational Performance 2 . Research Background and Literature Review. Orientation on Trust and Organizational Performance. 2012. p. 203–12.
[5]. Marachi VJ. Effects Of Human Resources Management Practices On Talent Development In Public Organizations: A Case Study Of Kenya Power. Int J Soc Sci Entrep. 2013;1(7):1–14.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Social group disparities in access to healthcare facilities in India and Its Selected States: A bar Diagrammatic analysis
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr.Uttam Kumar Sikder

Abstract: In this paper I want to explore the social group disparities in access to health care facility in India and its selected nine states. For the purpose of determine the access to health care facility I choose six health related indicators namely, infant mortality rate (IMR), child mortality rate (CMR), under-five mortality rate (U5-MR), anaemia among women, child vaccination and delivery status of women between 1998-99 to 2005-06. Our results revealed that there are large scale inter-social group and inter-state disparities in different indicators of child and female health. There is also some evidence of deprivation of socially weaker sections and the females cutting across different social groups. While there is a general sign of deprivation by states and social groups in terms of various health indicators, the absolute position of general category is not very satisfactory.

[1]. Akhtar, R. (Ed.), (1991) "Health Care Patterns and Planning in Developing Countries," Westport: Greenwood Press.
[2]. Akhtar, R. (Ed.), (2004), "India: Health Care Pattern and Planning", New Delhi: APH Publishing Cooperation.
[3]. Alam & Moner (1997), "Health financing in states: An exploration, Demography India", 27(2), pp. 177-205.
[4]. Alam, M. (1997), "Health Financing by states: An Exploration", Demography India, 27(2), pp. 177-205.
[5]. Alikhan, A. "Pararthaparater Arthaniti", the University Press Limited, Dhaka-1000, pp. 35-54.
[6]. Ambedkar, B.R., "Annihilation of Castes in Dr. Ambedkar, writing and Speech, Vol. 1, Education Department of Maharashtra, Bombay.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Body, Myth and Culture in Arekti Premer Galpo
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Nilanjan Chakraborty

Abstract: Body as a cultural signifier has gained popularity in the discourse of gender mainly from the second wave of feminism, but body as the signifier of alternate gender narrative has got into the critical acumen only recently, in the last decades of the twentieth century, where gender has been questioned on the male/female binary as a presupposition. The film ArektiPremer Golpo, directed by Kaushik Ganguly is a questioning of stereotypes in gender roles, but what the film further delves into is the question of identity itself and whether identity can be politicised to such an extent where individuality is lost.

[1]. Bordo, Susan. Unbearable Weight: Feminism. Western Culture and theBody. http://wayanswardhani.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2013/04/Bordo-1.pdf. 07-10-13. 12:00. Web.
[2]. Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble. Routledge, New York: 2007. Print.
[3]. Stone, Sandy. "The Empire Strikes Back: A Posttranssexual Manifesto", in Kristina Straub and Julia Epstein, eds., Body Guards: The Cultural Politics of Sexual Ambiguity. Routledge, New York: 1996. Print.
[4]. Turner, Bryan S. "Introduction to the second edition: The Embodiment of Social Theory". The Body and Society. 2nd Edition. Sage, London: 1996.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Evolution of Rajbanshi Society: A Historical Assessment
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Paulami Bhawal

Abstract: Rajbanshis, an indigenous community of northern portion West Bengal, in the past they were the majority people of North Bengal, particularly in the districts of Jjalpaiguri, Rangpur, Dinajpur and the plain areas of Darjeeling district and the Cooch Behar state. Other than North Bengal, Rajbanshis had been living in the other parts of Bengal and Assam.There are many debates on the origin and ethnic identity of the Rajbanshis, in spite of that it is agreed by most of the scholars and historians that the Rajbanshis originated from Koch, a tribal community belonged to Indo- Mongoloid race.

[1]. Swaraj Basu ,Dynamics of a caste Movement,The Rajbansis of North Bengal, 1910-1947, 1st published 2003, New Delhi
[2]. Dr.C.C.sanyal, the Rajbansis of North Bengal, 1910-1947, New Delhi
[3]. Swaraj basu, op.cit, p, 62
[4]. Ibid, p, 21
[5]. Ibid, p, 21
[6]. D. H. E. Sunder, Survey and Settlement of the Western Duars in the Jalpaiguri District 1889-95, p.21
[7]. W.W.Hunter, Statistical Account of Bengal, Vol, 10, p, 255
[8]. Ibid-255

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Social Services in the Aftermath of the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP): The Case of Mupfurudzi Farm (Shamva District, Zimbabwe)
Country	:	Zimbabwe
Authors	:	Tom Tom

Abstract: The impacts and outcomes of the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) are varied, complex and often misunderstood due to lack of empirical studies. The researcher sought to understand the state of social services and social services needs in the aftermath of the FTLRP at Mupfurudzi farm in Shamva district. A mixed methods approach was applied and the study shows that the land beneficiaries at the farm are experiencing problems in accessing quality education, health care, transport services and potable water. The land beneficiaries are not passively experiencing these problems; they are actively responding to these problems through social organisation and agency. However, the land beneficiaries' efforts should be complemented by the other development actors.

[1]. Adesina, J. (2010). Return to a wider vision of development: Social policy in reframing a new agenda. Keynote address delivered at the 48th Session of the UN Commission for Social Development (3 February). New York: UN Headquarters.
[2]. African Institute for Agrarian Studies Baseline Survey. (2009). Fast Track Land Reform Baseline Survey in Zimbabwe: Trends and tendencies. Harare: African Institute for Agrarian Studies.
[3]. Creswell. J. W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. New York: Amazon Books.
[4]. Flick, U. (2006). An introduction to qualitative research. 3rd ed. London: Sage.
[5]. Jacobs, S. (1989). 'Gender relations and land reform in Zimbabwe', University of Zimbabwe Doctoral Thesis.
[6]. Masiiwa, M. (Ed.). (2004). Post independence land reform in Zimbabwe. Harare: Friedrich Ebert Foundation and Institute of Development Studies, University of Zimbabwe.
[7]. Maxwell. J. A. (2005). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, C. A: Sage.
[8]. Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare. (2010). Institutional capacity assessment: Department of Social Services. Harare: Government of Zimbabwe.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Role of culture in Protracted Pastoral Conflicts among the Samburu and Pokot of Kenya
Country	:	Kenya
Authors	:	Luchetu Likaka || Mariana Muia

Abstract: The paper examines the role of culture in protracted pastoral conflicts among the Samburu and Pokot who occupy Samburu and Pokot Counties in North Rift Valley region. Conflicts among these communities normally involved cattle rustling which had been trivialized as a mere cultural practice. However, over time, there have emerged new trends, tendencies and dynamics leading to commercialization of cattle rustling. There has emerged a new system of predatory exploitation of the pastoral economic resources manifesting itself in the form of banditry and cattle rustling. The results have been disastrous as pastoral communities are displaced and many people either been killed or maimed and their properties stolen or damaged. The livelihoods of these groups have been completely cut.

[1] Augsburger, D.W. (1992). Conflict Mediation across Cultures: Pathways and Patterns. Westminster: John Knox Press.

[2] Baxter P.T.W. (1979). Boran Age-Sets and Warfare. In: Fukui K. and Turton D. (eds) Warfare among East African Herders, National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka.

[3] Burton, J. & Dukes, F. (1990). Conflict readings in management and resolution. (Eds.) New York: St. Martins.

[4] Byrne, S. & Irvin, L.C (2000). Reconcilable Differences: turning points to ethno-political conflict. (Eds.) West Hartford: Kamarin Press.

[5] Fortes, M. & Evans-Pritchard, E.E. (1940). African Political Systems. London: Oxford.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Veil and Muslim Women: Prophetic Tradition or Stage-Managed Islam?
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sabrina Iqbal Sircar

Abstract: The veil has been largely associated with Muslim societies. There have been increasing discourses on the need and the substantiation on the use of the veil by the Muslim women. Many have also questioned the veracity of the practice, given the fact that the practice is justified as a religious duty on the part of the Muslim womenfolk. A problem with Islam and Muslims, that has persisted since ages is that the real sanctions and situations leading to various religious practices have been left unexplored. Whether veiling was suggested, was mandatory for the women, was suggested by the Prophet (pbuh) or was in reality a misinterpretation of something completely different is a matter of further study.

2Saifi Omid (2006) Progressive Muslims : On Justice, Gender and Pluralism, One World Publications, Oxford, England, pp37

3 Mernissi, F, (1987, 1991) The Vell and The Male Elite: A Feminist Interpretation of Women‟s Rights In Islam, pp 85 Library of Congress Catalogue-in-Publication Data; English Translation © Perseus Books Publishing , L.L.C. 1991; Published by Basic Books, A Member of the Perseus Books Group

4 Ibid, pp 93 5 Saifi Omid (2006) Progressive Muslims : On Justice, Gender and Pluralism, One World Publications, Oxford, England, pp33 6 Ibid 34 7 7 Mernissi, F, (1987, 1991) The Vell and The Male Elite: A Feminist Interpretation of Women‟s Rights In Islam, pp 8

5 Library of Congress Catalogue-in-Publication Data; English Translation © Perseus Books Publishing , L.L.C. 1991; Published by Basic Books, A Member of the Perseus Books Group

8 Ibid 86

9 Ibid 92

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Recent Trends of Work Participation Rate in Santipur Handloom Industry: Case Study Bathangachi Village
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Chandan Das

Abstract: Handloom industry in India is an ancient cottage industry in India with a de-centralized set up. It has been an old-age source of livelihood for millions of people in the country. About 10 million people directly depend on this industry to eke out their livelihood, while many millions of people depend upon it as a subsidiary occupation connected with the handloom industry. The share of employment provided by the handloom industry in the total decentralized sector is about 5.5%. Thus the industry constitutes one of the major sectors employing the largest number of people next only to agriculture. In regard to production, the industry is meeting one third of total cloth requirements of the masses of the country. It is confined to the aspects of status of women in handloom living in Bathangachi village in Santipur.

[1]. Barber, E. J. W. (1991). Prehistoric Textiles. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00224-X.
[2]. Burnham, Dorothy K. (1980). Warp and Weft: A Textile Terminology. Royal Ontario Museum. ISBN 0-88854-256-9.
[3]. Collier, Ann M (1970). A Handbook of Textiles. Pergamon Press. p. 258. ISBN 0-08-018057-4.
[4]. Crowfoot, Grace (1936–1937). "Of the Warp-Weighted Loom". The Annual of the British School at Athens 37: 36–47. doi:10.1017/s0068245400017950.
[5]. Marsden, Richard (1895). Cotton Weaving: Its Development, Principles, and Practice. George Bell & Sons. p. 584. Retrieved Feb 2009.
[6]. Mass, William (1990). "The Decline of a Technology Leader:Capability, strategy and shuttleless Weaving" (PDF). Business and Economic History. ISSN 0894-6825.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Post Zimbabwe's Fast Track Land Reform Programme: Land Conflicts at Two Farms in Goromonzi District
Country	:	Zimbabwe
Authors	:	Tom Tom

Abstract: The study was conducted to enhance the breadth and depth of knowledge on the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) through analysis of land conflicts and their sources in Goromonzi district. The researcher applied a qualitative approach to design the study. Two A1 farms were selected- one from the northern part and another from the southern part of the district. Three framework elements were considered. These are: knowledge claims, strategies of enquiry and data collection and analysis methods. The key themes on land conflicts that emerged from the field are farm boundaries, access to farm infrastructure and equipment, extraction of natural resources, land ownership and the government of Zimbabwe's land reform re-planning exercise.

[1]. African Institute for Agrarian Studies. (2009). Fast Track Land Reform 2005/2006 Baseline Survey in Zimbabwe: Trends and tendencies. Harare: African Institute for Agrarian Studies.
[2]. Anseew, W., and Alden, C. (Ed.). (2010). The land struggles in Africa: Conflict, politics and change. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 12(7), 259-261.
[3]. Collins, R. (1975). Conflict sociology. New York: Academic Books.
[4]. Coser, L. (1956). The functions of social conflict. New York: The Free Press.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Challenges Facing Criminal Justice System in Relation to Witness Protection in Kenya
Country	:	Kenya
Authors	:	Wilson Kiprono || Kibet Ngetich || Wokabi Mwangi

Abstract: Criminal activities that have a profound impact on human security and development, such as corruption, drug trafficking, serious and organized crime, human rights violations and terrorism. Consequently, the ability the criminal justice systems to investigate and prosecute such forms of serious crimes are often very limited. One of the challenges for many is in obtaining the cooperation of victims and witnesses and witness protection in order to obtain important information and evidence about such criminal matters. This paper examines the critical challenges facing the criminal justice system, particularly socio-cultural and legal challenges in relation to witness protection in Kenya.

[1]. Ceci, S. J., & Bruck, M. (1995). Jeopardy in the courtroom: A scientific analysis of children‟s testimony. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
[2]. Fyfe N., & Sheptycki J., (2006) "International trends in the facilitation of witness co-operation in organized crime cases", European Journal of Criminology, vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 347–349.
[3]. Hancock, B, (2002) Trent Focus for Research and Development in Primary Health Care: An Introduction to Qualitative Research. University of Nottingham Division of General Practice: Trent Focus.
[4]. Kothari, C.R., (2008) Research Methodology. Methods and Techniques. Second Revised Edition. New Age International Press Limited, New Delhi, India
[5]. Lyon, T. D. (2007). "False denials: Overcoming methodological biases in abuse disclosure research". In M. E. Pipe, M. E. Lamb, Y. Orbach, & A. C. Cederborg (Eds.), Child sexual abuse: Disclosure, delay and denial (pp. 41–62). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	राजस्थान की समकालीन कला के आयाम
Country	:	India
Authors	:	डॉ गगन बिहारी दाधीच

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