IOSR-JHSS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-7 ~ July -2018

Abstract: The justice is guided by the principle that's constituted the guaranty of the justiciables that can allow avoiding to fell in arbitrary. One of the key principle that had did objet of our thought is that one of the presumption of innocence which forbidden to present all the one who make objet of proceedings like guilty or innocent before irrevocable sentence. However, this principle is opposed at other by the least, the one of the due to be informed or the freedom of the press. Our reflection came from a bitter report, according to which the media in DRC break without scruple the principle of presumption of innocence in presenting in Medias (audio-video) the persons showed as had committed an infringement as already accused (Guilty) with affirmation unreservedly neither shade at the risk of them self to fall under law (press offense or defamation, harmful imputation). We show some cases of violation of this fundamental principle and suggestion to solve them.

KEYWORD: présomption d'innocence, liberté de la presse, délit de presse, infraction

[1]. La déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme du 10 décembre 1948
[2]. La Charte africaine des Droits de l'homme et des peuples du 27 juin 1981
[3]. La Constitution de la RDC, Modifiée par la Loi n° 11/002 du 20 janvier 2011 portant révision de certains articles de la Constitution de la République Démocratique du Congo du 18 février 2006.
[4]. Décret du 30 janvier 1940 portant le code pénal congolais.
[5]. Code civile congolais Livre III..

Abstract: Today's world largely depends on science and science in turn depends on mathematics. Modern math consisting of arithmetic, algebra and geometry has an important role in the field of education. Mathematics has a vital role in the classroom not only because of direct application of the syllabus material but because of the reasoning processes the student can develop. But many students develop fear towards Mathematics due to their misunderstanding, non-understanding and failure during previous lessons. Children with negative attitudes towards Mathematics have performance problems because they develop anxiety. The intent of the present paper is to find out the various problems faced by the class X students and teachers in learning and teaching mathematics in schools of Nazira sub-division of Sibsagar district of Assam.

KEYWORD: Mathematics, attitudes, learning, teaching, Nazira, Sibsagar, Assam

[1]. Mundia, L. (2010). Problems in learning Mathematics: Comparisons of Brunei Junior High School Students in Classes with and without Repeaters, Journal of Mathematics Research, Vol. 2(3) pp 150-160.
[2]. Pia, K.F. (2015). Barriers in Teaching Learning Process of Mathematics at Secondary Level: A Quest for Quality Improvement, American Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 3(7), pp822-831.
[3]. Koul, L. (2004): Methodology of Educational Research, Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd 576, Masjid Road, Jangpura, New Delhi-110014
[4]. Singha, K.G. Goswami, M. Bharali, R.K. (2012). Study of various problems faced by the students and teachers in learning & teaching mathematics and their suggestive measures, International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, Vol. 1(2), pp 195-201.
[5]. Rio, R.R. (2002). Teaching and learning Mathematics: From secondary school to university, MEC Journal of Education, pp 239-256..

Abstract: This study aims to obtain in-depth information about the occupation of social space by street vendors in the city of Makassar. This research is a qualitative research by using phenomenological approach. The data was collected by using in-depth interviews, from printed and electronic media; the researchers acted as the research instruments. The data was collected from the informants including street vendors, community leaders, NGOs and related parties. The data was obtained from two sources, namely documentation and informants. The data collection was done through in-depth interviews. The data was then analyzed to find out the Occupation of Social Space by street vendors in Makassar city. The results of this research showed that the Occupation of Social Space by street vendors in the city of Makassar was due to the lack of intensity of areas prepared for street vendors and the lack of the government's attention in providing space to street vendors.

KEYWORD: Occupation, Social Space, Street Vendors

[1]. Agustang, Andi. (2011) Filosofi Research DalamUpayaPengembanganIlmu. Makassar
[2]. Anonim. (2007) Kota Makassar Dari Wikipedia Indonesia, ensiklopediabebasberbahasa Indonesia. Available from: http://www.makassarkota.go.id [Accessed 30/03/2015].
[3]. Aswad, Al. (2015) The Informal Sector of Shaping City Commercial Open Space.In The 5th International Conference of the International Forum of Urbanism (IFoU). Singapore: Global Visions: Risks and Opportunities for the Urban Planet.
[4]. Aswar, Nasrun. (2008) DampakKrisisEkonomiTerhadapKeberadaanPedagang Kaki Lima. Available from: http://id.shvoong.com/social-sciences/1776191 [Accessed 30/03/2015].
[5]. BPS Kota makssar. (2010) Makassar dalamangka. Makassar: UD. Aresso.

Abstract: Objective moral norms which consist of moral precepts, rules or commands are inconsequential without a moral sense or faculty which perceives and applies them in concrete situations. This moral sense is a person‟s conscience which tells him subjectively what is right or wrong and which manifests his moral obligations to him. Privatization of conscience arises when this faculty is abused, when in the name of conscience the state and its laws are opposed, when one dissociates oneself from the value standards of the society and when one makes moral judgments an individual affair and is only accountable to his conscience. This paper takes a critical look at conscience as a moral faculty and its relationship with objective norms of morality with a view to determining which is superior. Employing analytic as well as critical expository methods, the paper examines the concepts...........

KEYWORD: Morality, Conscience, Objective moral norms, Privatization of conscience.

[1]. Aquinas, Thomas; "On Truth" in Ralph Mclnerny (ed),Thomas Aquinas Selected writings. London: Penguins, 1998.
[2]. - - . Summa Theologiae. Translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province.
[3]. (Available online by Coyote Canyon Press)
[4]. Catechism of the Catholic Church (English translation for Ireland) Dublin: Veritas, 1994.
[5]. Childress, James F. "Appeals to Conscience" Ethics, 89(4):315-355

Abstract: This study aimed at obtaining deeper information about behavior setting and social interaction of individuals at Buginese society in Soppeng District based on Pangadereng values. The research type was a qualitative using constructivism approach, that is comprehending the process of meaning and effect of the observed object.The researchers collected data through observation, documentation, and acted as the instruments as well. The data concerned about behavior setting and social interaction of the society which were obtained through two sources, documentation and informants. The technique of data collection were carried through in-depth interview. Further analyzed using..........

KEYWORD: behavior setting, social interaction, and pangadereng values

[[1]. Ambo Enre, Fachruddin, (1992). Beberapa Nilai Sosial Budaya dalam Ungkapan dan Sastra Lisan Bugis. Pidato pengukuhan Guru Besar, (dalam Jurnal Vinisi,Vol.1.FPBS IKIP 1992).
[2]. Bourdieu, P. 1989. Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Polity Press.

[3]. Doyle P. Johnson. 1986. Teori Sosiologi Klasik dan Modern. Jilid 11 (diterjemahkan oleh Robert M.Z. Lawang) Jakarta: Gramedia.
[4]. E.B. Tylor. 1971. Pri Ujung PAndangmitive Culture. Dalam Harsojo, 1988. Pengantar Antropologi, Binacipta: Bandung.
[5]. Harker, Cheelen Mahar, dan Chris Wilkes. 1990. An Introduction to the Work of Pierre Bourdieu: The Practice Theory. (The Macmillan Press Ltd: London). Edisi Indonesia diterbitkan oleh Jalasutra IKAPI Yogyakarta.

Abstract: Abnormal behaviour (i.e. behaviour symptomatic of mental illness) is on the increase globally, with one in every four persons in the world expected to be afflicted by one form of a mental or neurological disorder at some point in their lives. Although great advancements have been made in its understanding, abnormal behaviour is still misconceptualised by many individuals, sub-cultures and cultures world-wide. This study investigated how abnormal behaviour is conceptualised by residents of Kibera informal settlement in Nairobi County, Kenya; and the impact this conceptualisation was likely to have on the mental health intervention outcomes. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design employing a concurrent mixed (triangulation) method of data collection. Purposive, stratified, simple random and snowball sampling techniques were used to select 433 study participants. A questionnaire and..............

KEYWORD: Conceptualisation, Abnormal behaviour, Informal settlement, mental health interventions

[1]. Aino, O. F. (2004). Mental illness and cultural issues in West African films: implications for orthodox psychiatric practice. Med Humanities, 30 (1), 23-26.
[2]. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
[3]. Bennett, P. (2003). Abnormal and Clinical Psychology. New York: Open University Press.
[4]. Berrios, G.E. (1996). The history of mental symptoms: descriptive psychopathology since the 19th century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[5]. Comer, R. J. (2006). Abnormal Psychology (6th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers..

Abstract: The paper presents an analysis of the Fulani herdsmen attacks on farming communities and their activities generally across Nigeria. Essentially, the paper is a theoretical discourse and adopts a theoretic analytical method to assess and validate the proposition under focus. It explores the nature of the Fulani herdsmen activities to answer the question of whether or not they have turned terrorist group as public opinion suggests. In furtherance of this task, the meaning of terrorism and the features of terrorist groups were examined and compared with the features of the Fulani herdsmen activities, based on which arguments were generated that confirm that the Fulani herdsmen activities are not anyway different from terrorist activities. The paper concludes that in the circumstance, there is need for more serious attention on the situation. The recommendations range from legislative measures to increase surveillance and strict policing by state security agencies and operatives.

KEYWORD: Fulani Herdsmen, Terrorists, Attacks, Security Implications, Nigeria

[1]. Amaza, M. (2016). Nomadic Conflict: Nigeria‟s next security challenge is at a tipping point and
[2]. could be as deadly as Boko-Haram (online) Available at: <http://qz.com/670768/nigeria‟s next-security-challenge-is-at-tipping-point-and-could-be-as-deadly-as-boko-haram>
[3]. Aminu, Mohammed &Shittu (2016). "Stop Blaming Fulani Herdsmen for Every Attack, Sultan
[4]. Tells Nigerians." This Day, 05 July 2016. Web

[5]. Ashiru, T. (2016). Nigeria, a Ticking Time Bomb. The Guardian, 27 may.

Abstract: Every conversation in daily communication has purpose to convey meaning, some utterances has additional conveyed meaning which is called implicature. This present study aims to find out the types of conversational implicature in the Twilight movie. The classification of the utterances is based on Yule‟s typology of implicature, but in this study, only Generalized, Particularized and Scalar implicature are discussed. The design of this research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data are taken from the utterances from Twilight movie transcript which contain the three types of conversational implicature. The result shows that Generalized implicature (28.46%), Particularized implicature (46.15%) and Scalar implicature (24.61%). Utterances of Particularized implicature are the most used by the character of the movie, since they have more additional meaning than what are said.

KEYWORD: types of implicature, conversational implicature,Twilight film movie analysis

[1]. Levinson, Stephen C. Pragmatics. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1983.
[2]. Richards, et. all. 1992. The Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. Harlow: Longman
[3]. Vikry, Muhammad. 2014. An analysis of Conversational Implicature in IRON MAN 3. Unpublished Thesis. Universitas Islam NegeriSyarifHidayatullah. Jakarta.
[4]. Yule, George. 1996. Pragmatics. London: Oxford University Press.

Abstract: With regard to the key role of customer satisfaction in the success of hospitality enterprises, researchers have long been investigating customers' perception of the quality of hotel attributes and the impact of such attributes on overall customer satisfaction overall (OCS). From the perspectives of impact range-performance analysis and impact asymmetry analysis, based on the three-factor theory, this study explored the asymmetric effect of hot spring resort hotel attributes on OCS. The methods can classify and sort out the attributes like frustrators, dissatisfiers, hybrids, satisfiers, and delighters so as to effectively manage OCS. Thus, these methods can evaluate the impact range of each attribute on OCS. Through these methods, researchers/practitioners can easily determine the fields requiring special attention and enhance corresponding performances. However, in regard to the efforts for any quality improvement, limited resources of companies must be distributed according to the priority of attributes.

Keywords: overall customer satisfaction (OCS), hot spring resort hotel attributes, impact-asymmetry analysis, impact range-performance analysis, three-factor theory

[1]. Albayrak, T., & Caber, M. (2015). Prioritisation of the hotel attributes according to their influence on satisfaction: A comparison of two techniques. Tourism Management, 46, 43-50.
[2]. Alberty, S., & Mihalik, B. (1989). The use of importance-performance analysis as an evaluative technique in adult education. Evaluation Review, 13(1), 33-44.
[3]. Alegre, J., & Garau, J. (2011). The factor structure of tourist satisfaction at sun and sand destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 50(1), 78-86.
[4]. Alexandris, K., Dimitriadis, N., & Markata, D. (2002). Can perceptions of service quality predict behavioral intentions? An exploratory study in the hotel sector in Greece. Managing Service Quality, 12(4), 224-231.
[5]. Anderson, E., Fornell, C., & Lehmann, D. (1994). Customer satisfaction, market share and profitability: findings from Sweden. Journal of Marketing, 58, 53–66.

Abstract: Environment is a deep rooted, influential and ingrained part of the present day historical studies. Indian history is incomplete without the history of environment. Natural disasters are also the part of environment which are very common and frequent in modern India. Throughout the history, India witnessed different types of natural disasters. These disasters had a great impact on the society, economy and polity. So, the study of history of natural disasters is very important. History is a significant discipline which can direct us to make our plans, policies, responses etc. for the future based on the mistakes of past. But there is a gape in the study of responses to the natural disasters in the Indian subcontinent from the social and economic point of view. In Indian context social and economic responses to the natural disasters have been neglected by the historians. In this background Tirthankar Roy, professor...........

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