iosr-Jm   Volume-12 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2016

Abstract: Heavy metals are the most hazardous pollutants because they are non-degradable and get accumulate to the toxic level in both plants and animals. An environmental mathematical model to describe toxicity growth and metal concentration.

Keywords: Heavy metals, Toxicity, Laplace Transform, and Gate function.

[1]. Ademorotti, C.M.A., Ukponmwan, D.O. and Omode, A.A. (1992); Studied of textile effluent discharge in Nigeria. Environ. Stud. 39: 291-296
[2]. Ahalya, N., Ramachandra, T.V. and Kanamadi, R.D. (2003); Biosorption of heavy metals. Res. J. Chem. Environ. 7: 71-78.
[3]. Bruins, M.S., Kapil, S. and Oehme, F.W. (2000); Microbial resistance to metals in the environment. Ecotoxicology Environmental safety Environmental Research. 45: 198-369.
[4]. (Cox et. al., 2000; Seol and Lee, 2000, 2001; Kopinke et. al., 2001; Kulikova and Perminova, 2002 and Mackenzie et. al., 2002.
[5]. Gadd, G.M. (1988); In: Rehm H.J, ed. Biotechnology A comprehensive treatise. Special Microbial processes Vol. 6b. stutgart: VCH verlaggesellschaft; 401-433.

Abstract: In this paper we have considered various reflexivities, namely, polar semi-reflexivity, polar reflexivity, semi-reflexivity, reflexivity, inductive semi-reflexivity, inductive reflexivity, B-semireflexivity, B-reflexivity in locally convex spaces. We have investigated interrelationship (implication) between these reflexivities. Assuming that a locally convex space holds a type of reflexivity (out of the eight types), we have investigated whether or not, the dual E′, equipped with the strong topology τb(E) or τ* hold some of the eight types of reflexivity.
Keywords: strong dual, polar reflexive, reflexive, inductively reflexive, B-reflexive, bornological.

[1]. G. Köthe: Topological Vector Spaces I ; Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York, 1983.
[2]. H. H. Schaefer: Topological vector spaces, Second Edition, Springer-Verlag New York, 1999.
[3]. Ju. T. Lisica: On hereditary reflexivity of topological vector spaces.The De Rham Cochain and Chain spaces, Glasnik Matematićki, Vol.43,(63) (2008), 397 - 422.
[4]. Ju. T. Lisica: Topological vector spaces problems in homology and homotopy theories, Topology and its Aplications, 157 (2010), 2715 - 2735.
[5]. Kalman Brauner: Duals of Frechet spaces and a Generalization of Banach-Dieudonné Theorem; Duke Math J., 40 (1973), 845 - 855.

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce strongly soft generalized closed sets and strongly soft 𝜕-closed sets in soft Č𝑒𝑐ℎ closure spaces, which are defined over an initial universe with a fixed set of parameters. Also, we show that every strongly soft 𝜕-closed set is strongly soft g-closed and studied some of their basic properties.
Keywords: Soft set, Strongly soft g-closed set, Strongly soft 𝜕-closed set

[1]. L.A Zadeh, " Fuzzy Sets", Inf.Control, Vol.8, 1965, pp. 338-353.
[2]. Z.Pawlak, "Rough Sets", Int.J.Comput.Sci, Vol.11, 1982, pp.341-356.
[3]. K.Atanassov, "Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets", Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol.20, 1986, pp.87-96.
[4]. K.Atanassov, " Operators Over Interval Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets", Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol.64, 1994, pp.159-174.
[5]. M.B. Gorzalzany, " A Method of Inference in Approximate Reasoning Based on Interval-Valued Fuzzy Sets", Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol.21, 1987, pp1-17.

Abstract:The object of this paper is to study a measure 𝜇 on 𝑅𝑛,𝒯,Σ and to introduce the concepts of measurable manifold 𝑀,𝒯1, Σ1 and measure manifold 𝑀,𝒯1, Σ1, 𝜇1 . Here we introduce the concepts of measurable chart and measurable atlas and define measure 𝜇1 restricted to them respectively, we extend the study of Heine Borel property on 𝑀,𝒯1, Σ1, 𝜇1 .
Keywords: 𝜎-algebra, Heine Borel property, Measurable chart, Measurable Atlas, Measurable Manifold, Measure 𝜇, Measure chart, Measure Atlas, Measure Manifold.

[1] Jonathan Weitsman, "Measure on Banach Manifold, Random Surfaces, And Non Perturbative String Field Theory with Cut-Offs".arXiv:0807.2069v1[math- ph] (2008) (pp-1 - 27)
[2] Joaquim Ortega-Cerda and Bharthi Pridhnani, "Carleson Measures and Logivinenko-Sereda Sets On Compact Manifolds".arXiv:1004.2456v1[math.CA ] (2010) (pp-1 - 19)
[3] T . Samuel , "A simple proof of vitali theorem for signed measure" The Mathematical Association of America, V-120-07, (2013) (PP-654 – 659).
[4] Antoni A Kosinski ,Differential Manifolds (Academic Press, Har court Brace, Jovanorich Publisher Bostonsan Diego, New York, London)(1993).
[5] C.Wayne Patty, Foundations of Topology ( Second Edition, Jones and Bartlett India. PVT.LTD New Delhi, Canada, London) (2012)..

Abstract: In this paper, the notion of g -open sets in topological space is applied to present and study a new class of functions called almost contra g -continuous functions as a generalization of contra continuity and contra g -continuity, obtain their characterizations and properties. Also, the relationship with some other related functions are discussed.
Keywords: g -Closed sets, g -Continuous functions, Almost contra g -continuous functions, Contra g -functions.

[1]. M. E. Abd El-Monsef, S. N. El-Deeb, and R. A. Mahmoud,  -open sets and  -continuous mappings, Bull. Fac. Sci. Assint
Unie. 12, 1983, 77-90.
[2]. J. Dontchev and M. Przemski, On various decomposition of continuous and some weekly continuous functions, Math. Hungar. 71,
1996, 109-120.
[3]. N. Levine, A decomposition of continuity in topological spaces, Amer. Math. Monthly, 68, 1961, 44-66.
[4]. A. S. Mashhour, M. E. Abd El-Monsef, and S. N. EL-Deeb, On pre-continuous and weak pre continuous mappings, Proc. Math and Phys.Soc. Egypt, 53, 1982, 47-53.
[5]. A. S. Mashhour, I. A. Hasanein and S. N. EL-Deeb,  -continuous and  -open mappings, Acta. Math. Hungar., 41(3-4), 1983,
213-218..

Abstract:This paper attempt to estimate the function of total cost of Sudanese airlines domestic services. The data were obtained from the Planning Directorate of Sudan Civil Aviation Authority, Air Transport Directorate, Sudan Airways Directorate of Central Planning and some other currently active Sudanese airlines. The data were statistically analyzed the annual cost function of five Sudanese airlines companies for the period from 2004 to 2013, for a total of 50 balanced short Panel Data observations.
Keywords: Panel Data, Passenger, Freight, Fuel Price, Load Factor.

[1]. D.G.,C.A.A.(2002). Khartoum New International Airport (KNIA) Feasibility Study, Civil Aviation Khartoum, Sudan, 6-12.
[2]. Sultan, A.M., Siddig, M.K. (2006). Air Transport Company Feasibility Study, Civil Aviation, Khartoum, Sudan, 5-12.
[3]. Rajiv, D.B. and Johnston H., (1993). An Empirical study of Cost Drivers in the U.S. Airline Industry, Unpublished manuscript, Department of Economics, University of Miiesota.
[4]. Petronas Marketing (2012). Impact of Liberalization Policy on low Cost Carrier & Passengers Flow (fuel Overview), Sudan.
[5]. Sultan, A.M. (2012). Aviation Prospect in Sudan, Unpublished, Khartoum, Sudan, Issue 3, 1-15..

Abstract: The main goal of this study was to investigate the causes and consequences of labor power migration from the Gombora district, Hadiya zones, Ethiopia to the Republic of South Africa (RSA) and its impacts in the Society. The study focuses on to determine the socio-economic and demographic factors and main causes and consequences of illegal migration of young adults to RSA and the difficulties in the journey. To achieve these objectives, both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed. The Primary information was collected mainly from the migrants, students, teachers, Labour and Social affairs office and from any sample of the study area populations..........
Keywords: Pull and push factors, illegal migration, and Bayesian logistic regression

[1]. Abdu. S, "The Socio-Economic and Demographic Characteristics of Ethiopian Emigrants to the Middle East: Through Five Selected Private Employment Agencies", M. Sc Thesis, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, 2009
[2]. De Haas H., Morocco's Migration Experience: A Transitional Perspective. International Migration forthcoming, 2007
[3]. Dejene Aredo, Migrant Remittances Shocks and Poverty in Urban Ethiopia: An Analysis of Micro Level Panel Data. Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, 2005
[4]. Emerta Asminew et al., "International Migration, Remittances and Poverty Alleviation in Ethiopia", Ethiopian Economics Association (EEA) / Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute (EEPRI), working paper series, No. 1 /2010, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
[5]. Girum. S, Life Costing Migration to South Africa, Addis Admass Magazine, Vol. 10, No. 552, page 8, August 13, 2010

Abstract: This chapter deals with the MHD convective heat transfer flow of kuvshinski fluid through a porous medium past an infinite moving porous plate in the presence of temperature dependent heat source radiation and variable suction. The fluid flow direction is taken as x-axis and normal to it as y-axis. A uniform magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the flow. The governing non-dimensional equations are analytically when i) The plate is with constant temperature (CWT) and ii) Theplate is variable temperature (VWT). The expressions for velocity, temperature fields are obtained. Skin friction coefficient and the rate of heat transfer in terms of nusselt number (Nu) are also derived. Results are discussed and analysed for various material parameters through graphs and tables.
Keywords: Kuvshinski fluid; MHD; boundary layer; porous medium; thermal radiation; heat generation.

[1]. Pohlhauses H. Der Wrmeaustrausch Zwischenfesten Korpern and Flussingkeitenmit Kleiner Reibung under KleinerWarmeleitung
ZAMM ;1:115-121, 1921.
[2]. Ostrach.S ,"An analysis of laminar free convection flow and heat transfer along a flat plate parallel to the direction of the generating
body force "NACA rep. 1111, 1953.
[3]. P.G .Saffirman, "On the stability of laminar flow of a dusty gas", Journal of fluid mechanics, Issue 1, volume 13, pp 120-129, 1962.
[4]. Gill WN, Del Casal E, Zeh DW. Binary, "Diffusion and heat transfer in laminar free convection boundary layers on a vertical
plate". International Journal Heat Mass Transfer, Volume 8, pp 1131-1151, 1965.
[5]. Takhar H.S, Golra R.S.R. and SoundalgekarV.M,"Radiation effects on MHD free convection flow of a radiating gas past a semi–
infinite plate". International Journal of Numerical Methods Heat Fluid Flow, vol 6 (20, pp. 77-83, 1966.

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to assess the recovery rate of outpatient therapeutic feeding program in treatment of severe acute malnutrition and its determinants at Sidama Zone, South Ethiopia. The data for this study are obtained from children who were discharged from the OTP between September 2013 and September 2015 G.C under the Health facility in Sidama Zone. The analytical methodologies used were the Kaplan-Meier to estimate the survival time and Cox regression model was employed to identify the covariates that have a statistical significant effect on the survival longevity of OTP patients.
Keywords:Sever acute malnutrition (SAM), Outpatient therapeutic feeding program (OTP), Cox regression models, and Partial likelihood ratio.

[1]. Allison, P.D. (1984), Event history analysis: Regression for longitudinal event data (Sage University paper series on quantitative applications in the social sciences, Number 07-046), Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
[2]. Amthor, R E., et al. (2009), "The routine use of antibiotics does not improve outcomes in the home-based treatment of severe acute malnutrition", Malawi medical Journal, 21(3), pp.123-159
[3]. Ashworth A. Efficacy and effectiveness of community-based treatment of severe malnutrition. Food and BULLETIN-UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY, 2006, 27(3):S24
[4]. Belachew, T. and H. Nekatibeb (2008), "Assessment of outpatient therapeutic programme for severe acute malnutrition in three regions of Ethiopia", East African Medical Journal 84(12): 577-588
[5]. Chamois S (2011), Decentralization and scale up of outpatient management of SAM in Ethiopia (20082010), Filed article 2011: 3940