iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2014

Abstract: Aluminum alloy castings are extensively used in general engineering, automobile, aerospace industries due to their excellent castability, machineability, corrosion resistance and high strength-to-weight ratio. Keeping in view the increase in demand for the use of aluminum in manufacturing of various components, aluminum foundries have to focus on producing quality castings. Sand mould casting process involves parameters like sand grain size, clay content, moisture content, permeability, green compression strength, mold hardness, number of ramming, shatter index, type of mold, etc., just to mention a few. Based on literature survey, brainstorming and experimental constraints; Grain size, Clay content, Moisture content and Number of ramming has been selected as process parameters keeping other parameters constant. Experiments were conducted as per Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array. Castings are made under the constraint of process parameters at three different levels. Results were evaluated to optimize the process parameters. The optimum levels are found to be: Grain size-55, Clay content-12%, Moisture content-13%, Number of ramming's-2. Confirmation test is conducted based on the optimum level of process parameters and result is found to be in confidence level.

Keywords - Aluminium alloys, Design of Experiment (DoE), Sand casting process parameters, Taguchi method.

[1] Zillur Rahman and Faisal Talib, A Study of Optimization of Process by Using Taguchi's Parameter Design Approach, The Icfai University Journal of Operations Management, Vol. VII, No. 3, 2008
[2] Mekonnen Liben Nekere, Ajit Pal Singh, Optimization of aluminium blanks sand casting for process by using Taguchi Robust Design Method, International Journal for Quality research Vol.6, No.1, 2012, 81-97.
[3] Datta, G.L., Sand and mould related casting defects, Indian Foundry Journal, 44(9), 1998, 148-154
[4] Johnston R.E., Design of experiments: Taguchi in the foundry, AFS Trans 82, 1989, 415–418.
[5] Taguchi G., Introduction to quality engineering: design quality into products and process, (Asian Productivity Organization, Tokio, 1986).
[6] Phadke M.S., Quality Engineering Using Robust Design (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1989).
[7] Rasik A Upadhye and Dr. Ishwar P Keswani, Optimization of Sand Casting Process Parameter Using Taguchi Method in Foundry, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 1 Issue 7, September – 2012.
[8] Jhon O. OJI, Buliamin Kareem and Idusuy, Effect of Mould and Pouring Temperatures on Ultimate Tensile strength of Aluminium Alloy Sand Castings - An ANOVA Approach, Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies, Issue 19, July-December 2011, p. 97-108.

Abstract: We present results of measured heat transfer coefficients for each sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose concentration at two different lengths of coil L=2.82m, L=2.362m and with two different heat inputs 1.0kW and 1.5kW . Test solutions of sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15% and 0.2% were used in our experimental runs. A four flat blade paddle impeller was used to verify the power consumption of the mixed fluid, under unsteady heating of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in an flat bottom agitated vessel.

1]. G B Tatterson; Fluid Mixing and Gas Dispersion in Agitated Tanks McGraw-Hill 1991 3-7 & 37 .
[2]. Holland, F. A., Chapman, F.S., 1966, "Liquid Mixing and Processing in Stirred Tanks", Lever Brothers Company, New York.
[3]. Haake Information Haake Mess-Technik; GmbH Co Dieseistr Germany VT-500 Haake Viscotester p1-10
[4]. S. Nagata ; Mixing principles and applications , 1975, New York , John Wiley & sons p458
[5]. C. Kuncewicz; Three dimensional model of laminar liquid flow for paddle impellers and flat blade turbine, Chemical Engineering Science, 1992, 47(15-16) p3959-3967.

Abstract: The effect of drilling parameter such as spindle speed , feed rate and coolant ratio for obtaining optimum perpendicularity for materials EN8 ,EN24 &EN31 as a work piece materials using cobalt alloy steel drill with point angle 135° and helix angle 30°.This study shows that how significant the drilling parameter are for obtaining optimum perpendicularity . Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out for perpendicularity and their contribution rates determined optimum cutting conditions for least perpendicularity defect obtained by using design of experiments (DOE) methodology for achieving optimization using Minitab 16 software.

Keyword: Machining process(Drilling), Perpendicularity, EN8, EN24, EN31.

[1]. R. Sreenivasalu, and S. Rao, (), Application of grey relational analysis for surface roughness and roundness error in drilling of Al 6061 alloy,International Journal of Lean Thinking, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2012, pp. 67-78.
[2]. D. Kumar, L.P. Singh and G. Singh, , Operational Modeling For Optimizing Surface roughness in Mild Steel Drilling Using Taguchi Technique, International Journal of Research inManagement, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2012, pp. 66-77.
[3]. Y. Tyag, V. Chaturvedi, and J. Vimal, Parametric Optimizatio of Drilling Machining Process using Taguchi Design and ANOVA Approach, Journal of Emerging Technology and AdvancedEngineering, Vol. 2, No. 7, 2012, pp. 339-347.
[4]. Jindal and V.K. Singla, , Experimental Investigation of Process Parameters in drilling operation using different software technique, International Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2011, pp. 135-154.
[5]. Lin T.R, ― Cutting behavior using variable feed and variable speed when drilling stainless steel with TiNcoated carbide drills,‖ International J. Advance Manufacturing Technology., 19: 629-636,2002.
[6]. P. M George, V. J. Patel, B. P. Patel "Experimental Studies on Perpendicularity of Drilling Operation using DOE"International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD) Volume 1,Issue 3, April 2014, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470 , print-ISSN:2348-6406.

Abstract: This paper deals with development of inventory management system for a manufacturing Industry. The developed software System is easy to use, less time consuming & all detail about the inventory items & transaction status. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software presents a frame work for organizations to better utilize their processes. The report is about windows based application. The Front-end is developed using Visual Basic. A visual programming environment provides all features that are required to develop graphical user interface as ready to use components.

[1]. Alexis L., ERP Demystified (Tata McGraw- Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi,2000 )
[2]. Al-Mashari, M. & Al-Mudimigh, A. (2006): ERP implementation lessons from a case study, Journal of Information technology, 16(1), 2006, 21-23.
[3]. APICS , American Production and Inventory Control Society (APICS), http://www.apics.org., 2001
[4]. Bayross, I., SQL, PL/SQL the programming language of Oracle (BPB publication, New Delhi, 2009)
[5]. Bhatia M. S., A Beginner's Guide to Visual basic 6 (Khanna book publishing company (P) Ltd., Delhi, 2007.)

Abstract: At present all the constructions are executed with conventional granite aggregate concrete. If the granite aggregate is reduced by replacing it partially and fully by Metakaolin pellets as aggregate, the behavior and strength properties are interesting to be investigated. In this study an attempt has been made to use the Metakaolin as the basic ingredient in preparation of artificial pelletized metakaol in aggregate using lime and cement as binders. In the present experimentation, addition of Metakaolin pellets replacing the conventional granite aggregate in percentages of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% by volume of concrete and also adding the crimped steel fibre in percentages of 0.50, 1.00, 1.50 and 2.00% by weight. The properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and flexural strength are studied by casting and testing around 240 samples consisting of 60 numbers of plain cube specimens of size 150x150x150 mm, 120 numbers of cylinders of size 150mm diameter and 300mm height and 60 numbers of plain beams of size 500x100x100 mm for testing after 28 days of curing.

Key Words: mechanical properties, light weight aggregate, pelletization, metakaolin.

[1]. Weigler, H. and Karl, S. Stahlleichtbeton. Bauverlag GMBH, Wiesbaden and Berlin, pp. 38-43, 1972.
[2]. F.W. Lydon, concrete mix design, 2nd edision, Applied science, London, 1982.
[3]. JASS 5(Revised 1979); Japanese Architectural Standard for reinforced concrete, Architectural Institute of Japan, Tokyo, 1982 (Marcha).
[4]. Neveli AM (1988). Properties of concrete, ELBS edision of third ed., Longman, Singapore.
[5]. ENV 206; concrete performance, production, placing and complience criteria, Final draft, February 1989.

Abstract: This study evaluates the physical, mechanical and in-situ properties of the rock aggregates in Kajuru, Kaduna State, Nigeria as sources of aggregate for construction purpose. The uniaxial compressive strength was determined by using Universal Testing Machine to crush cored samples and Schmidt rebound number by Schmidt hammer apparatus. While the engineering destructive tests were carried out on aggregates using various apparatus. Na2SO4 solution was used for soundness test and glass jar for determination of specific gravity. The results indicate that specific gravity ranges from 2.48 to 2.88, the moisture content of samples are within 2%. The UCS ranges from 95.76Mpa to 169.70Mpa while the Schmidt rebound number ranges from 29.4 to 35.3. Comparing the Los Angeles abrasion, impact and crushing value obtained from the laboratory destructive test with the B.S standards, most of the rock can be used for construction works. The results also indicate that there is direct proportional relationship between compressive strength with Schmidt rebound number and specific gravity. Inverse relationship exists between moisture content with specific gravity and compressive strength. The physical and geotechnical properties were found to be dependent on the chemical and petrographic characteristics of the rock.
Keywords: Basement rocks; compressive strength; destructive test; Moisture content; Specific gravity

[1]. American Society For Testing And Materials ASTM .(1975).Special Procedure For Testing Soils And Rocks For Engineering Purposes, Technical Publication No. 479, 5th Edition.
[2]. American Society For Testing And Materials, ASTM.(1988). Test Method For Unit Weight And Voids In Aggregate. C127-84
[3]. American Association Of State Highway And Transportation Official, AASHTO.(2001). Specific Gravity And Absorption Of Coarse Aggregate. Washington DC. Technical Specification. No. T85.
[4]. Bloem,D.L. (1966). Significance Of Tests And Properties Of Concrete And Concrete-Making Materials, Soundness And Deleterious Substances, ASTM, STP,169A, ASTM International, West Conshohoken. P. 497-512.
[5]. British Standard Institute BS 812, Part 2. (1975). Specific Gravity And Absorption Of Coarse Aggregate.
[6]. British Standard Institute BS 812, Part 3. (1975). Method Of Determining Aggregate Crushing Value For Civil Engineering Structures.

Abstract: In present times, the automotive industry is dealing with two major problems. The quest for a substitute fuel that could reduce the burden on currently used petroleum products is one these problems. Secondly, it is the rigorous norms relating to tail pipe emission due to increasing carbon footprints. Worldwide research is being conducted to find a fuel that could solve both these problem simultaneously. The experimental research presented in this paper proposes a step to find one such good fuel. One of the resources abundantly present on the earth is water. There are many ways in which we can harness energy from it. In this experimental study, electrolysis is used to extract Hydrogen/HHO from distilled water and used as a supplementary fuel to run a 4 stroke SI engine of a motorbike. Subsequently, its feasibility analysis and emission trends have also been studied. The distinguishing feature of this study is that no modifications were required at engine level to carry out this test.

[1]. Ali Can Yilmaz , Erinc Uludamar , Kadir Aydin (2010), Effect of hydroxyl (HHO) gas addition on performance and exhaust emissions in compression ignition engines, International Journal of hydrogen energy, volume 35 , issue 20, 11366-11372
[2]. Guidelines for use of hydrogen fuel in commercial vehicles, FMCSA-RRT-07-020, Department of transportation, United States.
[3]. Johz F. Cassidy (1977), Emissions and total energy consumption of a multi-cylinder piston engine running on gasoline and a hydrogen gasoline mixture, National Aeronautics and space administration, Washington.
[4]. Ammar A. Al- Rousan (2010), Reduction of fuel consumption in gasoline engines by introducing HHO gas into intake manifold, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 35, 12930-12935.
[5]. Jacob Wall, Effect of hydrogen enriched hydrocarbon combustion on emissions and performance, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University Of Idaho.
[6]. John F. Cassidy (1977), Emission and total energy consumption of a multi cylinder piston engine running on gasoline and a hydrogen gasoline mixture, NASA, Washington D.C.