iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2014

Abstract: This study deals with reviewof mechanical properties of epoxy matrix using Nano ceria (ceo2) as filler in metal oxide epoxy Nano composites. Effect of varying wt. % of ceria filler on mechanical properties of epoxy matrix was studied.Flexural strength,Compressive strength,Vickers micro-hardness and Density were studied for varying wt % of ceria filler. As the wt. % of ceria is increased, the mechanical properties showed improvement till a maximum value and then, these properties decreased with further increase Nano filler content. However,density continued to increase with increase in wt % of ceria,compared with commercial ceria filled composites, the composites made with, morphology-controlled ceria show a higher impact strength. This paper also presents a new research proposal for future study.

Keywords: Nano ceria particles, Ceria epoxy Nano composites, Mechanical properties.

[1]. DiMonti, R. and Kaspar, J. On the role of oxygen storage in the three-way catalysis Top.Catal.2004, 28, 47-57.
[2]. Hirst, S.M.; Karakoti, A.S.; Taylor, R.D.; Sriranganathan, N.; Seal, S. and reilly, C.M.; Anti-inflammatory properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles.
[3]. Mogeensen, M.; Sammes, N.M. and Tompsett, G.A. Physical chemical and electrochemical properties of pure and doped ceria .Solid State Ionics, 2000, 129, 63-94.
[4]. Rossinyol, E.; Arbiol, J.; Peiro, F.; Cornet, A.; Morante , J.R.; Tian, B.; Bo,T. and Zhao, D. Nanostructured metal oxides synthesized by hard template method for gas sensing applications. Sensor Actuat B-Chem.2005, 109,57-63.
[5]. Feng,X.D.; Sayle ,D.C.; wang ,Z.L.; Paras, M.S.; Santora, B.; Sutorik, A.C.; Sayle ,T.X.T.; Yang, Y.; Ding ,Y.; Wang,X.D.; Her,Y.S. Science 2006,312,1504-1508.

Abstract: The Montreal Protocol has sealed the use of Halogenated Hydrocarbons; Keeping in view they affect the environment in the form of Ozone layer depletion and Global warming. Thus one of the major thrust areas is to identify substitute of Halogenated Hydrocarbons, especially CFCs. The substitute refrigerant should be eco-friendly, chemically stable and C-134a a is currently the leading alternative to CFC-12. Other promising substitutes are R-507as a binary mixture of R-143a &R-125.R-407c is a ternary mixture of R-134a, R-32 andR-125.R404a is a binary mixture of R143a &R-125a. In this paper, performance evaluation of eco-friendly alternate refrigerant R-507, R-407c for replacing CFC12 has been done and a suitable alternative refrigerant for retrofitting has been identified. Keywords: Ozone depletion; Montreal protocol; eco-friendly refrigerant; hydrocarbon refrigerant; retrofitting

[1]. "Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone Layer" UNEP 2006 Report of the refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pumps technical options committee, 2006 Assessment.
[2]. www. refrigerants.dupont.com, USA for thermodynamic tables of R-423a and R- 413a
[3]. "Thermodynamic study of a ternary Isotropic mixture for Vapour Compression systems", Bansal V K, Mechanical Engineering Department, IIT Delhi 1990.
[4]. Analysis of Vapour Compression Refrigeration system for Domestic Refrigerator Using Eco-Friendly Hydrocarbon Mixture", Sameer Vida MechanicalEngineering Department, JEC Jabalpur 2002.

Abstract: Koradi is one of the thermal power stations in Maharashtra. It receives water from a lake located nearby to KTPS. This lake is surrounded by large number of small scale industries, Mahalaxmi Devi temple and slums. KTPS receives water from this lake for its daily use and for the production of electricity from coal. The wastewater from the nearby colonies is directly discarded to the lake. Hence water analysis of the lake is done. The quality of the water is analyzed and compared with the CPCB and CPHEEO standard desirable limits.

[1]. Sanyogita R. Verma, P.R. Chaudhari, R.K.Singh and S.R Wate; Studies on the Ecology and Trophic Status of An Urban Lake At Nagpur City, India Vol.4, No.3 pp 652-659; 2009.
[2]. Vyankatesh B. Yannawar and Arjun B. Bhosle; Cultural Eutrophication of Lonar Lake, Maharashtra, India; International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies ISSN 2028-9324 Vol. 3 No., pp. 504-510; 2 June 2010.
[3]. Mushini Venkata Subba Rao; Assessment of quality of drinking water at Srikurmam in Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India; International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, pp 201-207, 2010.
[4]. Dr. D. H. Pawar; Physico-chemical status of the water of historical lakes and tanks in Kolhapur city; Research Paper; 2010.
[5]. M. Sunleena; Water and Sediment Analysis of Hussain Sagar Lake, Hyderabad, India, The 12th World Lake Conference; 304-306; August 2005.

Abstract: This project is to help small-scale farmers to meet an increased demand for local grains, by designing a reaper machine to harvest grains more efficiently. Our research work will focusing on ease of harvesting operation to the small land holders for harvesting varieties of crop in less time and at low cost by considering different factors as power requirement , cost of equipment , ease of operation , field condition , time of operation and climatologically conditions. The operating, adjusting and maintaining principle are made simple for effective handling by unskilled operators.

Keywords: Cost of equipment is low , ease of operation , not having limitations of field condition , time of operation and climatologically conditions.

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Abstract: This paper presents analysis of suction and blowing techniques for performance improvement of S-shaped diffuser of 90°/90° turn with rectangular inlet and outlet using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A finite volume based technique using k–ε turbulence model has been adopted and modified to predict the flow and to analyze the variation in different flow parameters due to these techniques. The present work shows around 8% improvement in pressure recovery of the diffuser due to Suction Method whereas a marginal improvement of around 3% is achieved through Blowing Method.

Keywords: Blowing, boundary layer, CFD, diffuser, non-uniformity, outlet pressure recovery, S-shaped diffuser, suction, turbulence.

[1]. Eustine, J. (1910) "Flow of Water in Curved Pipes‟, Proc. Royal Society, London, Series A – 84, pp.107-118.
[2]. Majumdar, B. (1994) "Flow Investigation in Curved Diffuser‟, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
[3]. Majumdar, B., Singh, S. N. and Agrawal, D. P. (1997) "Flow Characteristics in S-Shaped Diffusing Duct‟, International Journal of Turbo and Heat Engines, Vol. (14), pp. 45-47.
[4]. Majumdar, B., Ratan Mohan, Singh, S. N. and Agrawal, D. P. (1998) "Experimental Study of Flow in High Aspect Ratio 90 Curved Diffuser‟, Transaction ASME, Journal of Fluid Engineering, Vol. (120), pp. 83-89.
[5]. Anand, R. B., Lajpat Rai, Singh, S. N. and Sharma O. P. (2001) "Flow Characteristics of A Low Aspect Ratio 90/90 S-Shaped Diffuser‟, Journal of Aeronautical Society of India, Vol. (53), pp. 239-252.

Abstract: Concrete production exists around the globe and is one of the leading construction material, essentially man made stone that has become a most versatile and universally recognised tool to build with. Concrete is a widely used structural material which essentially consists of a binder and a mineral filler. It has the unique distinction of being the only construction material which is manufactured actually on the site, whereas other materials are merely shaped and fabricated and eventually assembled at site. Ever since the time of Romans, there has been a continuous effort by the research workers in the field of cement and concrete technology to produce better quality cement resulting in concretes of overall improved quality.

[1]. N.K.Amudhavalli et.al; "Effect of silica fume on strength and durability parameters of concrete", International Journal Of Engineering Science And Emerging Technologies, August 2012.
[2]. V. Bhikshma et al.,"Investigations on mechanical properties of high strength silica fume concrete", Asian Journal Of Civil Engineering, 2009).
[3]. P. Ratish Kumar; "High performance silica fume mortars"; Architecture and civil engineering Vol-8,2010.
[4]. K.C.Biswal et al.;"Effect of superplasticizer and silica fume on the properties of concrete", Conference Trivandrum Kerala, March 16th 2011.
[5]. Mohammad Panjehpour et al.; "A Review for characterization of silica fume and its effect on concrete properties"; Sadhana; International journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering And Technology,Dec 2011.

Abstract: Chlorine is used worldwide for disinfection of water and it's very effective on killing the micro-organism which causes the different types of water-borne diseases and directly effect on human health. But chlorine also produced their by-product when it comes in contact with water and hence different method for disinfection of water was produces. The research work is aimed to do disinfection by UV –radiation. In this UV lamp are used for inactivation of microorganisms and effect of UV-radiation on contaminated water for different seasons will be compared. The efficacy of the disinfectant is assessed through bacteriological parameters E.coli and also physico-chemical parameters viz. turbidity, total hardness, and pH. UV-radiation and many others methods discovered for water disinfection but some are costlier and some are unable to kills micro-organisms at high rate as compared with chlorine. The result obtained from the work that the physic-chemical parameters are in permissible limit and 99.999% of reduction of E-coli was found out. Keywords: Disinfection, E-coli, In-activation, UV-radiation, Water.

[1]. Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality Guideline Technical Document Total Coliforms, Federal-Provincial-Territorial Committee on Drinking Water of the Federal-Provincial-Territorial Committee on Health and the Environment Health Canada Ottawa, Ontario, March, 2012
[2]. Lucinda Hazell, "UV disinfection of persistent opportunistic bacterial pathogens in water" , Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdome SW7 2AZ 1st Civil and Environmental Engineering Student Imperial College London, Conference 25-26 June 2012
[3]. Mounaouer Brahmi, Abdennaceur Hassen, "Disinfection of Wastewater by UV Irradiation: Influence of Hydrodynamics on the Performance of the Disinfection", Water Research and Technology Center, University Tunis Carthage, Soliman 8020, Tunisia, 2011
[4]. Yu. Bilenko, I shturm, O. bilenko, M. shatalov, R. gaska, "New UV technology for point of use water disinfection Sensor electronic technology", 2010
[5]. K.M. Johnson, M.R. Anil Kumar, P. Ponmuruga and B. Mythili Gananamanga, "Ultraviolet radiation and its germicidal effect In drinking water purification", Journal of Phytology 2010, 2(5): 12–19 ISSN: 2075-6240 Biotechnology .

Abstract: Greywater is the wastewater that is generated in houses and commercial buildings through the use of water for laundry, dishes and bathroom. This project's aim is to treat and reuse greywater for gardening, toilet flushing and street washing. The treatment system consists of natural process involving equalization cum sedimentation, filter bed consisting of sand, aggregates and marbles and collection tank. Physico-chemical parameters viz. turbidity, pH, COD, DO, total dissolved solids, conductivity, hardness and alkalinity were analyzed. By this system results have shown that filtration increases DO concentration and other parameters decrease in greywater so as to make it usable. It is an effective method of treatment of greywater as compared to the conventional method so it can be implemented on small scale at houses, schools/colleges, commercial buildings, etc. Quantification of greywater generated from bathing, washing cloths and from basin was also done. Greywater reuse has the advantage that it is a possible technique where water consumption on daily basis can be reduced. Also to evaluate the awareness in people about greywater and health risk associated with it. Keywords: Filtration, Greywater, Reuse, Sources, Treatment

[1]. Chidozie C Nnaji, Cordelia N Mama, Arinze Ekwueme and Terlumun Utsev, "Feasibility of a Filtration-Adsorption Greywater Treatment System for Developing Countries", Hydrology Current Research, 2013
[2]. Rajarshi Kar and Oindrila Gupta, "Greywater treatment and recycling for use in household applications, Department Of Chemical Engineering", Heritage Institute Of Technology, International journal of engineering research and technology (IJERT), Vol. 1 Issue 4, India, June 2012.
[3]. Ukpong, E. C., Agunwamba J.C, "Grey Water Reuse for Irrigation", International Journal of Applied Science and Technology Vol. 2, Issue No. 8; Nigeria,2012
[4]. Tom Tal, Arumugam Sathasivan, KC Bal Krishna, "Effect of different disinfectants on greywater quality during storage", Journal of Water Sustainability, Volume 1, Issue 1, june 2011.
[5]. Mohammad Aljaradin and Tarek Selim, "Evaluation of using grey water as an alternative irrigation source in Jordan", Vatten 67, 119-122, 2011

Abstract: Owing to the importance of enhanced properties in various spectrums, a good number work has been carried on polymer nanocomposite materials. Augmentation of the properties of materials to fit a them into certain applications has led to the development in composite materials. Polymers due to their vast applicability are structurally exploited to strenghthen their properties which are of the essence. In this work we have impregnated nano powders of Titanium dioxide into the Chitosan polymer matrix in order to pull off a polymer nanocomposite. Attempts have been made to study a few mechanical properties of the nanocomposite like tensile strength, stiffness, modulus of elasticity, percentage elongation at fracture. Nanocomposite films were prepared by solution casting by adding different weights of nano Titanium dioxide to the solution containing 2g of Chitosan.

[1]. Gavhane Yogeshkumar N., Gurav Atul S., Yadav Adhikrao V., Chitosan and Its Applications: A Review of Literature, International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Vol. 4 (1) Jan– Mar 2013.
[2]. Eastern Research Group 10200 Alliance Road, Suite 190 Cincinnati, OH 45242, State of the Science Literature Review: Nano Titanium Dioxide Environmental Matters, Scientific, Technical, Research, Engineering and Modeling Support (STREAMS) Final Report Contract No. EP-C-05-059 Task Order No. 94
[3]. Sato H. , Endo S, Sugiyama M, Kikegawa T, Shimomura O, Kusaba K, Baddeleyite-Type High-Pressure Phase of TiO2, Science Vol. 251 no. 4995 pp. 786-788.
[4]. Jeanette Mirian Diop, Preparation and Characterization of Gelatin and Chitosan Films, An Honors Thesis for the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Pg 10-13, Tufts University, Medford MA, 2009.
[5]. Marino Quaresimin, Marco Salviato, Michele Zappalorto, Strategies for the assessment of nanocomposite mechanical properties, Composites Part B: Engineering Vol. 43(5), Elsevier Ltd., July 2012.

Abstract: Concrete production exists around the globe and is one of the leading construction material, essentially man made stone that has become a most versatile and universally recognised tool to build with. Concrete is a widely used structural material which essentially consists of a binder and a mineral filler. It has the unique distinction of being the only construction material which is manufactured actually on the site, whereas other materials are merely shaped and fabricated and eventually assembled at site. Ever since the time of Romans, there has been a continuous effort by the research workers in the field of cement and concrete technology to produce better quality cement resulting in concretes of overall improved quality. The introduction of reinforced concrete as an alternative to steel construction, in the beginning of 20th century, necessitated the developement and use of low and medium strength concretes. In keeping with the demands of the nuclear age, high density concrete has been successfully used for the radiation shielding of highly active nuclear reactors. Considerable progress has been achieved in the design and use of structural light weight concretes, which have the dual advantage of reduced density coupled with increased thermal insulation. With the present state of knowledge in the field of concrete mix design, it is possible to select and design concrete capable of resisting heat, sea water, frost and chemical attack arising out of industrial effluents.

[1]. N.K.Amudhavalli et.al; "Effect of silica fume on strength and durability parameters of concrete", International Journal Of Engineering Science And Emerging Technologies, August 2012.
[2]. V. Bhikshma et al.,"Investigations on mechanical properties of high strength silica fume concrete", Asian Journal Of Civil Engineering, 2009).
[3]. P. Ratish Kumar; "High performance silica fume mortars"; Architecture and civil engineering Vol-8,2010.
[4]. K.C.Biswal et al.;"Effect of superplasticizer and silica fume on the properties of concrete", Conference Trivandrum Kerala, March 16th 2011.
[5]. Mohammad Panjehpour et al.; "A Review for characterization of silica fume and its effect on concrete properties"; Sadhana; International journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering And Technology,Dec 2011.

Abstract: Concrete production exists around the globe and is one of the leading construction material, essentially man made stone that has become a most versatile and universally recognised tool to build with. Concrete is a widely used structural material which essentially consists of a binder and a mineral filler. It has the unique distinction of being the only construction material which is manufactured actually on the site, whereas other materials are merely shaped and fabricated and eventually assembled at site. Ever since the time of Romans, there has been a continuous effort by the research workers in the field of cement and concrete technology to produce better quality cement resulting in concretes of overall improved quality.

[1]. N.K.Amudhavalli et.al; "Effect of silica fume on strength and durability parameters of concrete", International Journal Of Engineering Science And Emerging Technologies, August 2012.
[2]. V. Bhikshma et al.,"Investigations on mechanical properties of high strength silica fume concrete", Asian Journal Of Civil Engineering, 2009).
[3]. P. Ratish Kumar; "High performance silica fume mortars"; Architecture and civil engineering Vol-8,2010.
[4]. K.C.Biswal et al.;"Effect of superplasticizer and silica fume on the properties of concrete", Conference Trivandrum Kerala, March 16th 2011.
[5]. Mohammad Panjehpour et al.; "A Review for characterization of silica fume and its effect on concrete properties"; Sadhana; International journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering And Technology,Dec 2011.

Abstract: Expansive Clays known for its vulnerability pose numerous problems to builders. Compression index is a clay dependant parameter which can be evaluated from the consolidation test data. Evaluation of compression index from the consolidation test is time consuming and laborious. Prediction of compression index from the index properties of soil is attempted. In this study, a correlation between compression index (Cc) with liquid limit (WL) and plasticity index (IP) is aimed at. Remoulded clay samples were collected from twenty locations of Coimbatore for experimental study. Clay was for its liquid limit, plastic limit and consolidation properties in the laboratory. Correlations of compression index in terms of liquid limit and plasticity index was arrived from Regression model and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). From these correlations, the best fit linear equation is found to be ANN which is having higher accuracy. This correlation will be helpful for the geotechnical engineer to predict the compression index value of clay from index properties.

Keywords: Regression model, Artificial Neural Network, liquid limit, plasticity index, compression index, correlation

[1]. Amith Nath and DeDalal, S. S. (2004) "The role of plasticity index in predicting compression behavior of clays" Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 9, 2004-Bundle
[2]. A. M. Mustapha and M. Alhassan "Compression Index Correlation that Best Fits Clay Deposits in Nigeria" IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) Vol. 3, Issue 11 (November. 2013), ||V2|| PP 41-45.
[3]. A.Sridharan and H.B Nagaraj "Compressibility behavior of remoulded fine grained soils and correlation with index properties." Canadian Geotechnical journal; June 2000;37,3;proquest science journal 712.
[4]. Amardeep Singh and Shahid Noor "Soil Compression Index Prediction Model for Fine Grained Soils" International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET) Vol. 1 Issue 4 Dec 2012.
[5]. Arpan Laskarand Sujit Kumar Pal (2012) "Geotechnical Characteristics of Two Different Soils and their Mixture and Relationships between Parameters" Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol.17, 2012-Bundle.

Abstract: As the retaining walls are very important structures in civil engineering so proper design is required in seismic condition. To examine the seismic active pressure on retaining walls, the pseudo-dynamic method is adopted in deducing the formulas of seismic active earth pressure. The critical rupture angle is analytically evaluated on the basis of conventional sliding wedge limit equilibrium theory. In the present work, the earth pressure is evaluated by all statics methods viz. Rankine's method, Coulombs method (analytical) and Poncelet's, Culmann's (graphical method). Also, Seismic earth pressure is evaluated by IS code method and Mononobe Okabe method and finally comparisons of them. The earth pressure is calculated for three types of backfills viz. Soft murrum, Hard murrum, and Black cotton soil. Finally, the percentage difference between static and dynamic Earth pressure is ranging between 9.35-10.66%

Keywords: Static earth pressure, Seismic earth pressure, Retaining wall, M-O Method

[1]. B.M. Das, V.K. Puri. "Static and Dynamic Active Earth Pressure"(J. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering), (1996).
[2]. C. Huang, K.L. Fishman, and R. Richards, ""Seismic plastic deformation in the free-field.‟‟ Int. J. of Numer and Analytical Methods in Geomech. (1999).
[3]. D. Choudhury, S. Nimbalkar. "Pseudo-dynamic approach of seismic active earth pressure behind retaining wall". Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, (2006).
[4]. D. Choudhury, S. Nimbalkar. "Seismic Passive Resistance by Pseudo-dynamic Method" (J. Geotechnique), (2005).
[5]. K. S. Rao, D. Choudhury. "Seismic passive earth pressure in soils" Journal of Geotechnical and Geo environmental Engineering, (2005).

Abstract: In this project, condition of the existing structure is assessed using NDT'S and it is proposed to extend the structure. The building was designed according to the state of the art over 40 years ago, it did not meet the present day requirement. The project study deals with strengthening and enhancement of performance of existing structure by means of Retrofitting, so that structure can perform well when it would be subjected to additional loads over it. Building is residential community building having G+2 storey. Utility or purpose of building is for society gatherings. Number of floors proposed to extend are three. The present work deals with NDT on existing structural elements, determination of load and moment carrying capacity of structural elements before and after extension, method applied for strengthening of structure and design of the existing structural elements such as R.C.C. beams and columns according to the load carrying capacity required.

Keywords - Confinement, jacketing, NDT test, strengthening

[1] Pravin S Waghmare, "Jacketing technique for retrofitting of structures", International journal of advanced engineering research and studies, Vol. I, Issue: 15-2011
[2] Bhavar Dadasaheb O, Dhake Pravinchandra D, Ogale ramesh A," Retrofitting of existing R.C.C building by method of jacketing", International journal of research in modern engineering and emerging technology Vol 1, Issue:5-2013
[3] Dr. Gopal L. Rai, "Different strenghtening techniques for R.C columns", R and M international pvt. Ltd.
[4] Mahdi shariati, Nor Hafizah ramli-sulong, Mohammad Mehdi Arabnejad k.h, Payam shafigh and Hamid sinaei, "Assessing the strength of reinforced concrete structures through ultrasonic pulse velocity and schmidt rebound hammer tests", Scientific research and essays vol.6 (1)-2011.

Abstract: A service mechanism in a mass production type of manufacturing consists of service facilities which in turn contain parallel service channels. The prime objective of analyzing production line is to understand and analyze line performance which enables manager to identify bottlenecks affecting performance, contrained resources and predict system serviced cost and system waiting cost. This enables the manager to compute the total system cost at various levels of service which ensures optimal allocation of existing resources. This paper focuses on Single Channel Multi-Phase production line.

[1]. Christian Becker, Armin Scholl, "A survey on problems and methods in generalized assembly line balancing", European Journal of Operational Research, 168 (2006) 694–715
[2]. Sidonia Otilia Cernea, Mihaela Jaradat, Mohammad Jaradat, "Characteristics of Waiting Line Models – The Indicators of the Customer Flow Management Systems Efficiency", Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, 12(2), 2010 616
[3]. Kursad Agpak, Hadi Gokcen, "Assembly line balancing: Two resource constrained cases", Int. J. Production Economics, 96 (2005) 129–140
[4]. Andreas C.Nearchou, "Maximizing production rate and workload smoothing in assembly lines using particle swarm optimization", Int. J. Production Economics, 129 (2011) 242–250
[5]. Nils Boysen , Malte Fliedner , Armin Scholl , "A classification of assembly line balancing problems, European Journal of Operational Research", 183 (2007) 674–693

Abstract: To sustain heavy vehicular traffic, strong and durable pavements are necessary. In India Vehicular traffic increasing at a high rate hence along with existing technology in pavements engineering, alternative advance techniques will be required. Continuous Reinforced Concrete Pavement (CRCP) is a new concept being applied in India at experiment level. In this study CRCP technique discussed in detail, this paper also focuses on various advantages on CRCP technique. The review of literature for various aspects other than economy is presented in this paper.

Keywords: CRCP, PQC, Performance, pavement, crack.

[1]. Thebeau, D., Davidson, F. First Experience with Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement (CRCP) in Canada. Quebec Ministry of Transport, Quebec, Canada.2008.
[2]. Kathleen Hall, Dan Dawood, Suneel Vanikar, Robert Tally, Jr., Tom Cackler, Angel Correa, Peter Deem, James Duit, Georgene Geary, Andrew Gisi, Amir Hanna, Steven Kosmatka, Robert Rasmussen, Shiraz Tayabji, and Gerald Voigt. Long Life Concrete Pavements in Europe and Canada. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), August 2007.
[3]. Shiraz D. Tayabji, Dan G. Zollinger, George T. Korovesis, Peter I. Stephanos, Jeffrey S. Gaenon. Performance of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements. Summary of Practice & Annotated Bibliography. Vol 1, FHWA-RD-94-178, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), October 1998.

Abstract: This study presents a methodology for evaluation, ranking and selection of parameters of Electric Discharge Machine by using MADM approach. A three stage selection procedure is used for identification of pertinent attributes and ranking is done with TOPSIS and graphical methods (Line graph and Spider Diagram. Then results of MADM approach are validated by comparing with results of experimental work done with ANOVA. This study also presents methodology for calculating the permanent function and numerical index of EDM system by dividing EDM into four subsystems and interactions between subsystems are represented into matrix form. This study provides a general formula which can be applied to any EDM system.

Keywords: EDM, MADM & TOPSIS.

[1]. Kuneida,M., Lauwers,B., Rajurkar, K.P., Schumacher , 'Advancing EDM through fundamental insight into the process', Journal of materials processing technology, Vol. 129 ,pp. 30-33.
[2]. Abbas, N.M.,Solomon, D.G. and Bahari, M.F., (2007), 'A Review on current research trends in EDM', International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, Vol.47 ,pp.1214-1228.
[3]. Bhangale, P.P., Agrawal, V.P., Saha, S.K. ,(2004), 'Attribute based specification, comparison and selection of a robot' , Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol.39 pp.1345–1366.
[4]. Garg,R.K., Agrawal,V.P. and Gupta,V.K.,(2007) 'Coding, evaluation and selection of thermal power plants – A MADM approach', Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 29, pp.657–668.
[5]. Bhateja,A., Agrawal,V.P. and Athre,K., (1996), 'Total Design Concept of Springs – A novel Approach Using MADM Methodology', Advances in Mechanical Engineering,Vol.39,pp. 401-424.

Abstract: In most of our urban centers, the problem of housing is not only restricted to quantity but to the poor quality of available housing units. In Libya, the government failed to achieve the targets of housing demand in the country. On the hand, the condition of houses in Indonesia is partly similar as research shows. Currently, the house price in Indonesia is significantly increased. This paper was intended to compare the characteristics of Libyan houses and Indonesian houses, the problems and government efforts on copying the problems related to the housing in Libya and Indonesia. Therefore, the study was conducted in quantitative approach with as many as 121 Indonesian home owners and 109 Libyan home owners as the data sources who were asked to respond the questionnaires and interview to obtain their responses as the data.

[1]. Olayiwola, L. M. 2005. Public housing delivery in Nigeria: Problems and challenges. A paper presented at the 'World congress on housing transforming housing environments through the design', 27–30 September, Pretoria, South Africa.
[2]. Daramola, S. A. 2004. Private Public participation in Housing delivery in Nigeria, paper presented at a business luncheon organised the Royal Institute of Surveyors (RIS) in Chinese restaurant, Palmgroove, Lagos. 15, April, 2004.
[3]. Sheibani, G. and Havard, T. 2005. The Government Role in Housing in Libya During the Period 1970 – 2000. In: Khosrowshahi, F (Ed.), 21st Annual ARCOM Conference, 7-9 September 2005, SOAS, University of London. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 2, 697-707.
[4]. Okpala, D, C. 1992. Housing Production System and Technologies in Developing Countries: A review of the experiences and Possible Trend/ reports. HABITAT INTL.Vol 16. No. 3 pp. 9-32
[5]. Wakely, P. 1988. The Development of housing Through The Withdrawal from Construction: Changes in Third World Housing Policies and Programmes, Habitat International . 12 ( 3), pp. 121-131

Abstract: With the technological and economical advancement India is observing an extraordinary growth in all aspects. However development of rural regions remains an area of concern. Almost 75% of population of the country lives in these regions and generally face the problem of electricity shortage. This greatly affects their development potential thereby promoting migration to cities . The paper discusses how hybrid renewable energy systems can be viewed as a promising solution to these problems

[1]. Ministry of Finance report 2015
[2]. India Infrastructure report 2008
[3]. Chedid R, El Khoury H. Design of a Hybrid Wind-PV-Fuel Cell System for Powering a Desalination Plant. 2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting [Internet]. Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers (IEEE); 2007 Jun; Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2007.385440 [4]. IEEE Power and Engineering Society-General Meeting Feb.9.2011,Arpa-E,Doe USA,MSE Italy, European Commission-Energy-Caffese plan and Consortium
[5]. Elistratov V.V, Hybrid system of Renewable Energy Sources with Hydro Accumulation

Abstract: A study of water samples and soil Agricultural soil collected from Pulgaon Area, Fertilizer Industry,Pulgaon dist Wardha (M. S.) as been carried out to examine its potability for domestic purposes. he physicochemical parameters like temperature, temperature, Alkalinity, Chloride, Hardness, Total dissolved solids(TDS), pH, sulphate were studied by using various analytical techniques.Mositure content, Bulk density, specific gravity of soil were determine in laboratory method and N,P,K were determined Flame photometrically. The parameters were analyzed & compared with standard values prescribed by American Public Health Association (APHA) & World Health Organization. And Department of Agricultural Ministry standards, New Delhi

Keywords: Flame photometry, potability, Specific Gravity

[1]. C.K. Jain, K.K. Batia and T. Vijay, Ground water quality monitoring and evaluation in and around Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, Technical Report, CS (AR) 172, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 1994-1995(1995).
[2]. A.K. Rana et al., Asian J. Chem., 14 (3-4), 1178(2002).
[3]. E. Brown, M. W. Skovgsted and M. J. Fishman, Methods for collection and analysis of water samples for dissolved minerals and gases, 5 (1974)
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Abstract: The present study has been undertaken in order to investigate the suitable tool and lubricant that could be employed to form DC01 steel sheet by negative incremental sheet metal forming. For the intended aim, various combinations of coated and uncoated tools and lubricants were used. The effect of each combination of tool and lubricant on the quality of forming parts was studied by measuring the thickness and geometric accuracy of the parts. It is obtained that the geometry of samples formed by the tool has the maximum friction coefficient could not reach the target model geometry. The best geometric accuracy was obtained on sample formed by the CrCN coated tool with the lubricant has good lubrication performance. The best lubricant confirmed as forming and drawing oil with the highest viscosity for the forming condition using an uncoated tool.

Keywords : DC01, Geometric accuracy, Incremental forming, Lubrication, Coating

[1] Hussain G., Gao L., Hayat N., Cui Z., Pang Y. C., N. U. Dar, Tool and Lubrication of Negative Incremental Forming of a Commercially Pure Titanium Sheet, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 203, 2008, 193-201.
[2] Otsu M. Yasunaga M., Matsuda M. and K. Takashima, Friction Stir Incremental Forming of A2017 Aluminum Sheets, Procedia Engineering , 81, 2014, 2318-23.
[3] Iseki H. and T. Naganawa, Vertical Wall Surface Forming of Rectangular Shell Using Multistage Incremental Forming with Spherical and Cylindrical Rollers, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 130–131, 2002, 675–79.
[4] Ambrogio G., Cozza V., Fillice L. and F. Micari, An Analytical Model for Improving Precision in Single Point Incremental Forming, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 191, 2007, 92–95.
[5] Micari F., Ambrogio G. and L. Fillice, Shape and Dimensional Accuracy in Single Point Incremental Forming: State of the Art and Future Trends, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 191, 2007, 390–5.

Abstract: The cost of highway accidents in terms loss of lives, injuries and road closures is a major strain on the Nigerian economy. It has therefore become pertinent to explore the causes of such accidents from a road condition perspective with a view to limiting their frequency and degree of severity. Three federal roads in Bauchi State were considered for this study; Bauchi - Jos, Bauchi - Gombe and Bauchi - Yobe Border, respectively. The pavement condition data indicated that Bauchi - Jos rouate has the highest Road Condition Score (RCS) while Bauchi - Gombe route has the lowest RCS. The Jos route also accounted for the highest number of accidents and fatalities despite having the best pavement condition, while the Yobe route accounted for the least number of accidents and fatalities. The results support the general view that there is no strong correlation between pavement condition and traffic safety, however some design and planning issues like the degree of curvature of horizontal and vertical curves and number of towns/villages on the routes seem to play an important role in traffic safety.

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