iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2014

Abstract: A flywheel used in machines serves as a reservoir which stores energy during the period when the supply of energy is more than the requirement and releases it during the period when the requirement of energy is more than supply. For example, in I.C. engines, the energy is developed only in the power stroke which is much more than engine load, and no energy is being developed during the suction, compression and exhaust strokes in case of four stroke engines. The excess energy is developed during power stroke is absorbed by the flywheel and releases it's to the crank shaft during the other strokes in which no energy is developed, thus rotating the crankshaft at a uniform speed.

[1]. Engineering mechanics STATICS by R.C. HIBBLER.
[2]. Engineering Fundamentals of the Internal Combustion Engine by Willard W. Pulkrabek
[3]. MARK'S Calculations for mechanical design by Thomas H. Brown
[4]. Machine Design by R.S. KHURMI, J.K. GUPTAHandbook of mechanical engineering - modern manufacturing by Ed. Frank Kreith
[5]. Mechanical Engineering Design by Budynas − Nisbett.
[6]. Automotive Engineering by Patric GRANT.
[7]. Automotive Production Systems and Standardization by WERNER.

Abstract: Quality of surface is an important factor to decide the performance of a manufactured product. Surface quality affect product performance like assembly fit, aesthetic appeal that a potential customer might have for the product. For this study, it has been made of turning, surface Grinding, and Nickel coating process on Mild steel rod. Developed for external cylindrical & internal cylindrical surface finishing on surface grinding machine, has been used to test the surface roughness, mechanical properties, Micro structure hardness test, salt spray testing. The two regimes of rough finishing and fine finishing have been characterized. A sharp transition from rough to fine finishing occurs at a stone oscillation frequency. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the parametric study of surface finishing process. An experimental investigation to study the performance of a surface finishing process by using turning process carbide tool and grinding process abrasive stones and NI Coated surface finish. The effects of these parameters on surface finish of work-piece have been investigated.

Keywords: Turning, Cylindrical Grinding, Nickel coating, Speed, Feed, Depth Of Cut, Surface Roughness, Micro Structure, Hardness Test, Salt Spray.

[1]. V. Pallavi, Anoop kumarandT. Mohandas (2012). Optimization of turning parameters for surface roughness using taguchi method. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering. Vol. 5 : Issue 2.
[2]. Surinder kumar, Meenu and P.S.Satsangi (2012). A genetic algorithmic approach for optimization of surface roughness prediction model in turning using UD-GFRP composite. Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences. Vol. 19, 386-396
[3]. S. Thamizhmanii, S. Saparudin, S. Hasan,2007, "Analyses of Surface Roughness by Turning process using Taguchi method". Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufact uring Engineering, Volume 20 Issues 1-2 January-February 2007, pp.503-506.
[4]. 6. Raviraj Shetty, R. Pai, V. Kamathand S. S. Rao, 2008, "Study On Surface Roughness Minimization In Turning Of Dracs Using Surface Roughness Methodology And Taguchi Under Pressured Steam Jet Approach". ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (ISSN: 1819-6608) VOL. 3, NO. 1, February 2008, pp.59-67..

Abstract: Making a city "Smart" is a new urban development phenomena emerging as a strategy to solve the problems generated by the rapid urbanization. There is no clear answer as to what a smart city is. Yet little academic research in western countries has discussed the phenomenon. Literature on smart cities, present Indian Urban Scenario, existing urban development laws play a key role in transforming urban development in to Smart Cities. This paper identifies a framework to understand the concept of smart cities in Indian context and the challenges country may faced while introducing the concept & suggested model for better output. In this regard component like E-governance, Smart people, Smart environment, needs extensive study and research as to how they form the basis to examine how local governments are envisioning smart city initiatives in India and what can be the possible challenges during implementation of each critical factor.

Keyword: Smart city, E-Governance, Sustainable, Smart citizen,

[1]. Dirks, S., Gurdgiev, C., & Keeling, M. (2010). Smarter Cities for Smarter Growth: How Cities Can Optimize their Systems for the Talent-Based Economy. Somers, NY: IBM Global Business Services. ftp://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/en/gbe03348usen/GBE03348USEN.
[2]. Dirks, S., Keeling, M., & Dencik, J. (2009). How Smart is Your City?: Helping Cities Measure Progress. Somers, NY: IBM Global Business Services. ftp://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/en/gbe0324 8usen/GBE03248USEN..
[3]. Johnson, B. (2008). Cities, systems of innovation and economic development. Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice, 10(2-3), 146-155.
[4]. Boob T. N., Dr. Y.R.M.Rao," Violation of Building Bye-Laws and Development Control Rules: A Case Study, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSRJMCE) ISSN : 2278-1684 Volume 2, Issue 4 (Sep-Oct 2012), PP 48-59 www.iosrjournals.org
[5]. Dawes, S. S., Cresswell, A. M., & Pardo, T. A. (2009). From "need to know" to "need to share": Tangled problems, information boundaries, and the building of public sector knowledge networks. Public Administration Review, 69(3), 392-402. Rittel, H. W. J., & Webber, M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sciences, 4(June), 155-169.

Abstract: Shear wave velocity (Vs) is widely used by earthquake and geotechnical engineers for seismic behavior modeling of the sites. This paper attempts to propose general correlation between shear wave velocity and standard penetration resistance and depth in Dhaka City based on geophysical test which had been established worldwide. PS Logging Test was performed using down-hole method to determine shear wave velocity (Vs) and Standard Penetration Test was performed to determine standard penetration resistance value (N value) along seventeen locations of Dhaka City. From multi regression analysis, considering VS as the dependent variable, depth and the SPT N value as the independent variable a correlation was obtained for any kind of soil sand silt or clay.

Keywords: PS Logging Test, Standard Penetration Test, Shear Wave velocity, SPT N Value.

[1]. Afkhami A.; "Reliability and Applicability of SPT Correlations with Shear Wave Velocity"; Novo Tech Software Ltd., Vancouver,
Canada.
[2]. Maheswari U., Boominathan and Dodagoudar; "Development of Empirical Correlation between Shear Wave Velocity and Standard
Penetration Resistance In Soils Of Chennai City."; The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering; October 12-17, 2008,
Beijing, China.
[3]. Marto A., Soon T. C., Kasim F., Suhatril M.; "A Correlation of Shear Wave Velocity and Standard Penetration Resistance"; EJGE,
Vol. 18 [2013], Bund. C; P-463-471.
[4]. Shooshpashaa , H. Mola-Abasia, A. Jamalianb, Ü. Dikmenc, M. Salahib; "Validation and application of empirical Shear wave
velocity models based on standard penetration test"; Computational Methods in Civil Engineering, Vol.4 No.1 (2013) 25-41.
[5]. Urban Geology of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Atlas of Urban Geology, Volume 11.

Abstract: In India, fly ash is produced annually more than 100 million tons. The geopolymer is a material where the cement is totally replaced by pozzolanic material like fly ash. In geopolymer concrete for polymerization of geopolymer concrete needs heat, so at the time of curing most of the researchers provide oven heat curing but on site it is not possible to cure concrete by oven, so there is need to work on methods of curing for geopolymer concrete.

Key Words: Geopolymer concrete, Types of curing, fly ash.

[1]. Atteshamuddin S. Sayyad and Subhash V. Patankar "Effect of Steel Fibres and Low Calcium Fly Ash on Mechanical and Elastic Properties of Geopolymer Concrete Composites", Indian Journal of Materials Science Volume 2013, Article ID 357563, 8 pages.
[2]. B. V. Rangan "Mix Design and Production of Flyash based geopolymer Concrete" Indian Concrete Journal, 2008.
[3]. Benny Joseph, George Mathew, "Leaching of F-type fly ash based geopolymers" Science Direct Procedia Engineering 42 ( 2012 ) 1114 – 1120.
[4]. D. Hardjito and B. V. Rangan development and properties of low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete", research report geopolymer Report faculty of engineering curtin university of technology perth, australia 2005.

Abstract: In the present investigation, the performance of ATV roll cage is studied against crashes that can be encounter in the real life scenario and its consequences on the individual components. The roll cage structure which must be designed to ensure the safety of the driver while not compromising the ergonomics .Generally the testing on roll cage is done by considering it as a single unit but in this paper I have tried to make model of ATV roll cage and test it while considering the mass of individual elements like engine, transaxle, driver and steering assembly also considering the effect of suspension revolute joint and spring–damper in chassis. An approximate model is developed in ANSYS APDL using different elements and tested against the standard load to checkout for failure.

Keywords: Analysis, Ansys APDL, ATV, Mass, Roll Cage,

[1]. Sandeep Garg, Ravi Shankar Raman , DESIGN ANALYSIS OF THE ROLL CAGE FOR ALL – TERRAIN VEHICLE , International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ,eISSN:2319-1163,Volume:02,Issue:09,2013
[2]. 2014 Baja SAE Rulebook ,SAE India
[3]. Amal Tom Kumbiluvelil,Abu Thomas Cherian , Designing and Analysis of Roll Cage of an ATV, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications,ISSN:2248-9622,Volume.3,Issue:5,Sep-Oct 2013
[4]. Thomas D Gillespie, Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics, SAE 1999.
[5]. Suraj aru1, pravin jadhav2, vinay jadhav3, akool kumar4 & pratim angane5,design, analysis and optimization of a multi-tubular space frame, International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) ISSN(P): 2249-6890;ISSN(E): 2249-8001 Vol. 4, Issue 4, Aug 2014, 37-48

Abstract: The aim of this project is to fabricate a fail-safe segway at low cost. The segway presently in use is of high cost and a common person cannot afford it, so we have decided to design and fabricate a fail-safe segway which is of low cost. The segway in the market uses both gyroscope and accelerometer sensor for the operation and uses tilt sensors to read the value of tilt of the steer of the segway and uses high end processors and micro controllers for its operation, we have minimized the cost of the segway by using micro controllers and relays and switches for the operation of the segway.Segway has a dis advantage of the lack of stability which caused injuries to many people so we took this problem into serious concern and designed and developed a segway which is fail proof. The segway which we designed and fabricated is of low cost and higher stability and with safer operation and ensure the safety of the user. This segway is easy to use as we have introduced switch system to control the motion of the segway.

Keywords: Accelerometer, Gyroscope, Stability, Fail-safe

[1]. "Segway Inc. Introduces 2005 Product Line WithMore Power, More Attitude And More Options," Segway Inc., Bedford, NH. (2005). Obtained From: Http://Www.Segway.Com/ About-Segway/Media-Center/Press Releases/ Pr_030105c.Php.
[2]. Liu, R. And Parthasarathy, R. "Segway Human Transporter (HT): Potential Opportunities And Challenges For Transportation Systems," Presented At The 82nd Annual Meeting Of The Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. (2003).
[3]. Future Of Segway: Introduction To Segway
[4]. From Journal Development Of Electric Personal Transporter Based On Lean To Steer Mechanism.
[5]. From Journal Design And Fabrication Of Fail Safe Segway Personal Transporter.

Abstract: Small scale modelling of structures is normally employed as a means to study the structural behaviour of engineering structures in order to predict the real behaviour of such structures under various conditions of loading as well as under the influence of extreme weather events like flooding, earthquakes, severe wind storms etc. But in order to use small scale models to predict prototype behaviour, understanding is necessary of the effect of scale on such models. The fracture mechanics perspective of the effects of size on models is explored from available literature and its significance to reliable model studies is established in this review.

Keywords: Models, size effects, small scale, fracture mechanics, strength.

[1]. Harris GH, Sabnis GM. Structural Modelling and Experimental Techniques. 2nd ed. Florida: CRC Press LLC 1999.
[2]. Bazant ZP. Scaling of structural strength. London: Hermes Penton Ltd 2002.
[3]. Sabnis GM. Size effects in material systems and their impact on model studies: A theoritical approach. Proceedings of SECTAM X
conference. Knoxville, TN 1980:649-68.
[4]. Bazant ZP. Size effect. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 2000;37:69-80.
[5]. Bazant ZP. Size effect in blunt fracture: concrete, rock, metal. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE. 1984;110:518-35.

Abstract: Universal joint is a joint in a rigid rod that allows the rod to bend in any direction, and is commonly used in shafts that transmit rotary motion. It generally consists of two hinges located close together, oriented at 90 to each other, connected by a cross shaft. It is widely used in industrial applications and vehicle drivelines to connect misaligned shaft. Automobile industries are exploring composite material in order to obtained reduction of weight without significant decrease in vehicle quantity and reliability. This is due to the fact that the reduction of weight of vehicle directly proportional to fuel consumption. Universal joint yoke have certain modification are made in existing geometry and analyzing for the identical boundary condition. Thus in this paper the aim is to replace universal joint by composite material .the following material can be chosen are carbon/epoxy composite, Kevlar/epoxy composite. Analysis is being performed on universal joint yoke.

Keyword: Universal joint yoke, composite material, weight reduction.

[1]. Harshal Bankar, Viraj Shindhe, P.Baskar ,"Material Optimization and Weight Reduction of Drive Shaft Using Composite Material" IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engg. Vol.10 issue 1 (2013)pp 39-46
[2]. Swati N. Datey,S.D.Khmakar,Harshal C. Kuttarmare, "Finite Element Analysis of Universal Joint" IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engg. Vol.11, issue 3(2014)64-69
[3]. Siraj Mohammad Ali Sheikh, "Analysis of Universal Coupling Under Different Torque Condition" International Journal of Engg. Science and Advance Technology, vol.2 (2012) 690-694
[4]. Nick Cristello,Yong Kim, "Design Optimization of An Automotive Universal Joint Considering Manufacturing Cost" 499-504

Abstract: In most current codes for design of steel structures, specifications for the design of compression members utilize the effective length factor K. This parameter is employed to facilitate the design of frame members by transforming an end-restrained compression member to an equivalent pinned-ended member. The effective length factor is obtained either by solving the exact equations using a numerical iterative solution which may be computationally expensive or by using a pair of alignment charts for the two-cases of braced and sway frames. The accuracy of the solution using the second approach depends on the size of the charts and the reader's sharpness of vision. To eliminate these approximations, simple equations for determining the effective length factor as a function of the rotational resistant at the column ends (GA, GB) are required.

[1]. AISC (1986), Manual of Steel Construction, Load and Resistance Factor Design, American Institute of Steel Construction 1st Ed, 1986.
[2]. AISC (1989), Manual of Steel Construction, Allowable Stress Design, American Institute of Steel Construction 9th Ed, 1989.
[3]. European Convention for Constructional Steel work, European Recommendations for Steel Construction, 1978.
[4]. ECP (2008), Egyptian Code of Practice for Steel Construction (ECP), Load and Resistance Factor Design, 1st Ed, 2008
[5]. ECP (2008), Egyptian Code of Practice for Steel Construction (ECP) Allowable Stress Design, 1st Ed, 2008
[6]. Barakat, M., and Chen, W. F., Practical Analysis of Semi-Rigid Frames, AISC Engineering Journal, vol. 27 (2), pp. 54–68, 1990.aki, Y.
[7]. Pierre Dumonteil, Simple Equations for Effective Length Factor, AISC Engineering Journal, vol. 29 (3), pp. 111-115, 1992.
[8]. Thomas C. Kavanagh, Effective Length of Framed Columns, ASCE, vol. 127 (2), pp. 81-101, 1962.

Abstract: Shopping trolley is a necessary tool for shopping in supermarkets or grocery stores. However, there was shopping trolley abandoned everywhere in the supermarket after being used. In addition, there were also shopping trolley safety issues such as sliding down from an escalator. On the other hand, it is inconvenient and time wasting for customers who are in rush to search for desired products in a supermarket. Therefore, an automatic human and line following shopping trolley with a smart shopping system was developed to solve the problems. The shopping trolley was equipped with ultrasonic sensor for obstacle avoidance. In conclusion, users can enjoy shopping and pay more attention on their children during shopping without the need of pushing the shopping trolley. Besides, they can track the purchased items easily.

Keywords: Fabrication, Automation, Shopping system, Electronic Trolley

[1]. NG Yen leng,"Automatic Human Guided Shopping Trolley With Smart Shopping System" Malaysia University, 2013/2014.
[2]. Satish Kamble, "Developing a Multitasking Shopping Trolley Based on RF", information technology, 2013.
[3]. Rudolf F. Graf, "reed relay" Dictionary of Electronics; Radio Shack, 1974-75. Fort Worth, Texas.
[4]. www.uio.no/.../forelesningsnotater/fys4260-uio-lecture-6---printed-circu.
[5]. www.electronics-tutorials.ws›Transformers.

Abstract: The aim of the project is to reduce rejection level of brake shoe assembly using six sigma technique. Six sigma is a quality improvement tool for product. It reduces the defects, minimizes the variation and improves the capability of the manufacturing process. The main objective of Six Sigma is to increase the profit margin, improve financial condition through minimizing the defects rate of product. Further it increases the customer satisfaction, retention and produces the best class product from the best process performance. The brake shoe has more Lining Thickness Variation (LTV) defect in the production line. The current rejection level of lining thickness variation defect is very high which leads to consumption of money in the form of rework and rejection of the job. The aim of the project is to identify the causes for lining thickness variation defect in brake shoe.

Key words - Six sigma, Lining Thickness Variation, Brake shoe.

[1]. Andreas Kraus, Implementation of the six sigma methodology in the maintenance process, university of Bedfordshire, 2012.
[2]. Lars Krogstiea, Cross-collaborative Improvement of Tolerances and Process Variations, Forty Sixth CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems, 2013.
[3]. Keki R. Bhote, Ultimate Six Sigma, PHI India, 2007 and Mikel Harry, Richard Schroeder, Six Sigma- The Breakthrough Management Strategy, Currency, New York, 2005.
[4]. Amit Kumar Singha, Defining Quality Management in Auto Sector: A Six-sigma Perception, International Conference on Advances in Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, ICAMME 2014.
[5]. ChiaJou Lina, Continuous improvement of knowledge management systems using Six Sigma methodology, International Congress on Interdisciplinary Business and Social Sciences, ICIBSoS 2012.
[6]. Winters-Miner, Linda A, Root Cause Analysis, Six Sigma, and Overall Quality Control and Lean Concepts, 8th International Conference on Material Sciences, CSM8-ISM5,2009.

Abstract: Since last two decades, sustainable development and sustainable construction concept have been concern throughout the construction industry. The issue of minimizing construction waste which cause significant impacts on the environment is pressing for the construction industry. Many countries nowadays have serious problems concerning reducing construction materials waste. Construction materials and waste should be diminish properly especially for high rise buildings. This study will present an improvement of the construction process in term of material waste contemplation. The objective of the research is to identify the best way of reduced the number step of process in construction by comparing the common type of construction in term of utilization materials and waste generation.From the study it was directed that theIndustrialised Building System (IBS) method has less variation, reduce the waste and it is more sustainable in compare to conventional system.

Keywords: Construction, Material Waste,Industrialised Building System (IBS), Convention

[1]. Aadal, H., et al. (2013). "Implementing 3R Concept in Construction Waste Management at Construction Site." J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci 3(10): 160-166.
[2]. Awomeso, J.A., A.M. Taiwo, A.M. Gbadebo and A.O. Arimoro, 2010. Waste disposal and pollution management in urban areas: A workable remedy for the environment in developing countries. Am. J. Environ. Sci., 6: 26-32. [3]. Begum, R. A., Satari, S. K., & Pereira, J. J. (2010). Waste generation and recycling: Comparison of conventional and industrialized building systems.American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 6(4), 383.
[4]. Jamshidi, M. H. M., et al. (2014). "The study of relationship between cognitive styles and Human Resource Competencies in Iranian Construction Industries." Reef Resources Assessment and Management Technical Paper (RRAMT) 40(ISSN: 1607-7393): 796-804.
[5]. Mehmannavaz, T., et al. (2013). "Effect of Waste Materials in Lightweight Concrete." Australian Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 7(11).

Abstract: Increasing concern about the global warming, primarily due to deforestation has led to the ban on use of wood in government buildings. Subsequently a large action plan for the development of wood substitute has resulted in creation of more awareness about the use of natural fiber based building materials. Most of the developing countries are very rich in agricultural and natural fiber. Except a few exceptions, a large part of agricultural waste is being used as a fuel. India alone produces more than 400 million tones of agricultural waste annually. It has got a very large percentage of the total world production of rice husk, jute, stalk, baggase and coconut fiber.

[1]. Study of various characteristics of concrete with Rice Husk Ash as A Partial Replacement of Cement with Natural Fibers,Pravin V Domke,Sandesh D Deshmukh,Satish D Kene, R.S Deotale /International Journal Of Engineering Research And Applications IJERA ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp.554-562
[2]. Improvement In Strength Of Concrete By Using Industrial And Agricultural Waste. Pravin V Domke IOSR Journal of Engineering Apr. 2012, Vol. 2(4) pp: 755-759
[3]. Building Materials in India: 50 years, A Commemorative Volume, Edited by T. N. Gupta, 1998.
[4]. Proceedings of International Training Course on, Materials design and production processes for Low Cost Housing, Trivandrum, India, 27-31 March, 2001.
[5]. International Conference, Waste and Byproducts as Secondary Resources for Building Materials, 13-16 April, 1999, New Delhi, India.

Abstract: The use of waste materials like plastics and rubber in road construction is being increasingly encouraged so as to reduce environmental impact. Plastics and rubbers are one of them. . The plastic waste quantity in municipal solid waste is increasing due to increase in population and changes in life style. .Similarly most tires, especially those fitted to motor vehicles, are manufactured from synthetic rubber. Disposal of both is a serious problem. At the same time, continuous increase in number of vehicles emphasizes on need of roads with better quality and engineering design. This waste plastic and rubber can be used to partially replace the conventional material which is bitumen to improve desired mechanical characteristics for particular road mix. . In the present study, a comparison is carried out between use of waste plastic like PET bottles and crumb rubber (3%, 4.5%,6%,7.5%,9%by weight of bitumen) in bitumen concrete mixes to analyze which has better ability to modify bitumen so as to use it for road construction.

Keywords: PET, Crumb rubber, Bitumen, Marshall Stability test

[1]. Zahra N.K., Abdelaziz M, Mohamed.R.K, (2010) "Properties of Bituminous Binder Modified with Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate ", Proceeding of Malaysian Universities Transportation Research Forum And Conferences, Universiti Tenaga Nasional.
[2]. Nabin Rana Magar,(2014),"A Study on the performance of Crumb rubber Modified Bitumen by varying the sizes of Crumb rubber",Vol.14,Num.2,PP.51-56
[3]. Niraj D Baraiya,(2013),"Use of Waste Rubber Tyres in construction of Bituminous Road-An Overview",Vol.2,Issue 7,PP.108-110
[4]. Prasad K.V.R, Mahendra.S.P, Kumar.N.S, (2013)"Study on Utilization of Pet PolyethyleneTeraphthalate) Waste in Bituminous Mixes",IJECT ,Vol. 4, Issue Spl – 1.
[5]. Harpalsinh Raol,Abhijitsinh Parmar,Jitendra Jayswal,Dhaval Patel,(2014),"Effect of the use of Crumb rubber in conventional bitumen on the Marshall Stability value",IJRET,Vol 3,Issue 1.
[6]. MORTH Specification (2009), Section 500

Abstract: This thesis aims toDebotteleneck the Bernoulli's apparatus kept in hydraulic machines laboratoryof Mechanical Engineering Department of BIT SINDRI DHANBAD,JHARKHAND,INDIA,which was out of order from more than a decade. Also aims to verify well known Bernoulli's equation with this apparatus.Chapter one gives some insight towards basics of fluid mechanics. Chapter two deals with Bernoulli's theorem and its applications.Chapter three deals with constructional details and experimentation method of Bernoulli's apparatus.Chapter four deals with observations and calculations for verifyingBernoulli'stheorem.Chapter five gives final results which verify Bernoulli's theorem.Chapter six tells about scope for future works.

Keywords –Bernoulli's theorem, Debottlenecking of apparatus, Fluid mechanics,Pitot tube,Surfacetension

[1]. Sarbjit Singh, Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,SecondEdition,Eastern Economy Edition,PHI Learning Private Limited ,2012
[2]. Dr, R. K. Bansal, A Text Book Of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines fourth Edition:June 1989 ,Laxmi Publication Reprinted:Jan 1993
[3]. Dr.D.S.Kumar Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power Engineering Sixth Edition:Jan 1998,S.K. Kataria& Sons Publishers &Distributers,Reprinted:2003
[4]. R.S. Khurmi, A Text book Of Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics,S. Chand Company Limited,1987
[5]. Dr. R.K.Rajput,A Text Book of Fluid Mechanics,S.Chand Company Limited,2008
[6]. V.L.Streeter ,Fluid Mechanics, E.B. Wylie ,Ninth Edition,1998

Abstract: The Subsurface soil condition of a site has great influence on earthquake hazard and shows a specific seismic response. To ensure site safety against probable earthquake hazard, proper and accurate analysis of soil response of that site is essential. . This paper deals with the site response analysis of sub soil of Ganakbari, Dhaka. SPT N values of nine boreholes were collected from Standard Penetration Test. Shear wave velocity was determined by using universal correlation of Shear wave velocity and Standard penetration Test values. The site response analysis was performed using DEEPSOIL (Hashash et al., 2011) V5.1. Equivalent linear analysis was performed and the response spectrum, the PGA, maximum strain, maximum stress ratio and the amplification factor was determined and represented in this paper.

Keywords: SPT N; Shear Wave Velocity; DEEPSOIL; PSA; PGA, Amplification Factor; Stress-Strain.

[1]. ASTM Standards, 1974. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 19, pp. 1-643.
[2]. Ansary, M. A; Noor, M. A. and Rashid, M. A. (2004) "Site amplification characteristics of Dhaka city", Journal of Civil Engineering (IEB), 32 (1) pp-5.
[3]. Banglapedia, 2006, Savar Upazila. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka.
[4]. Terzaghi, K. and Peck, R.B., 1967. Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York.
[5]. Kramer SL (1996) Geotechnical earthquake engineering, Prentice-Hall international series in civil engineering and engineering mechanics, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.

Abstract: Present studies deal with the formulation of sulphate resistant super sulphated cement using flourogypsum (83 %), granulated blast furnace slag (10 %) and OPC (7%) by grinding and blending in a ball mill. The setting time and compressive strength have been determined along with chemical composition. The effect of calcium chloride and supper plasticizer on hydration of super sulphated cement show increase in the compressive strength without affecting the setting time. The maximum compressive strength using 0.75 % of calcium chloride and 2 % Metflux 2651F superplasticizer are 47.8 and 39.0 MPa respectively after 28 days of hydration. The cement also shows good sulphate resistant properties for use in aggressive environment. Major hydration products of super sulphated cement evaluated by DTA, XRD and SEM show formation of ettringite, tobermorite and C4AH13 responsible for strength development in the cement. The super sulphated cement thus produced is sulpahte resistant, possesses low heat of hydration and consumes less energy than ordinay Portland cement. The cement is recommended for general concrete construction and marine structures.

Keywords: Super sulphated cement, OPC, granulated blast furnace slag, fluorogypsum, sulphate resistant, compressive strength, setting time.

[1]. A. Alcorn, Embodied energy and CO2 coefficients for NZ Building materials, Centre for Building Performance Research Report, Victoria university of Wellington, New Zealand, 2003.
[2]. M.C.C. Juenger, F. Winnefeld, J.L. Provis and J.H. Ideker, Advances in alternative cementitious binders, Cem. Con. Res., 41(12),
2011, 1232-1243.
[3]. J.S. Damtoft, J. Lukasik, D. Herfort, D. Sorrentino and E.M. Gartner, Sustainable development and climate changes initiatives, Cem. Con. Res., 38(2), (2008) 115-127.
[4]. A. Gruskovnjak, B. Lothenbach, F. Winnefeld, R. Figi, S.-C. Ko, M. Adler and U. Mäder, Hydration mechanisms of super sulphated slag cements, Cem. Concr. Res., 38 (7), 2008, 983–992.
[5]. T. Matschei, F. Bellmann and J. Stark, Hydration behaviour of sulphate-activated slag cements, Adv. Cem. Res., 18(5), (2005, 167–178.

Abstract: Nowadays; design, fabrication and erection of steel structures can be taken place at different locations as a result of rapid globalization; owners may require the use of widely accepted steel design codes. Therefore, engineers are faced with the challenge of being competent with several design specifications for a particular material type. The South African/Canadian Standard (SANS 10162-1:2005/CAN/CSA-S16-01:2005), European code( Eurocode 3) and Australian/New Zealand (AS4100:1998/NZS3404:1997) standard are accepted steel structure design specifications that utilize limit state principles with some similarities and differences in application.

[1]. SANS 10162-1:2005. The Structural Use of Steel. Part 1: Limit State Design of Hot Rolled Steelwork. Standards South Africa, 2005.
[2]. BS EN 1993-1-1:2005; Eurocode 3: Design of Steel Structures-Part 1- 1: General rules and rules for Buildings. British Standards Institution (BSI). London, 2006.
[3]. AS 4100:1998. Steel Structures. Standards Australia, 1998.
[4]. NZS 3404:1997. Steel Structures Standard.
[5]. Dunaiski, W. Investigation into the effective lengths of web compression elements in parallel chord Trusses. Master of Science in Engineering, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, 2008.

Abstract: Columns are reserve for the main vertical members carrying loads from the roof, beams, floors and the walls in buildings.As an overview, a short, stocky stanchion column fails by squashing or crushing; and for long slender stanchion column failures occur by overall buckling. The capacity/ buckling resistance of a column largely depends on its slenderness, material strength, cross sectional shape and method of fabrications. This paper compares the design buckling resistance (capacity) for a hot-rolled I-steel column section between the South African/Canadian standard (SANS 10162-1:2005/CAN/CSA-S16-01:2005), European code (Eurocode 3) and Australian/New Zealand (AS4100:1998/NZS3404:1997) standard. The results show that by increasing the slenderness ratio of the column section, the design buckling resistance decreases. The differences in capacity between specifications vary with the slenderness ratio of the column. The Eurocode 3 is the most unconservative than SANS 10162-1:2005/CAN/CSA-S16-01:2005 and AS4100:1998/NZS3404:1997 specifications.

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[3]. Patel, G.andBaradiya, V. Importance of Effective Length Factor In Hot-rolled Steel, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering,11(4), 2014,pp 59-63.
[4]. AS 4100:1998. Steel Structures. Standards Australia, 1998.
[5]. NZS 3404:1997. Steel Structures Standard.
[6]. SANS 10162-1:2005. The Structural Use of Steel. Part 1: Limit State Design of Hot Rolled Steelwork. Standards South Africa, 2005.

Abstract: This paper presents the influence of (AISI 1080) carbon steel samples quenched in brine solution of concentrations 3.5, 5.5 and 8.0 mol/dm3 under condition of constant bath temperature. The growth, formation and distribution of grain sizes in the microstructures of the quenched samples were analyzed using fractal analysis. Increase in brine conc. was found to favor the growth and distribution of grain sizes. In the as-cast sample, the grain sizes are very small having the sphericity values (β) within the range of 0.3 to 0.6. However, the grain size distribution map for sample cooled in 5.5 mol/dm3 of brine have better regular shapes with weighted average values of sphericity and fractal dimension; β = 0.8386 and D = 1.0947. Increase in concentration of brine above 5.5 mol/dm3 further reduces the fractal dimension of the steel from attaining the perfect shapes and sizes.

Keywords: Name of steel, Brine, Grain size, Sphericity, Fractal dimension..

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