iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-Aug 2014

Abstract: Many factors are responsible in the successful operation and efficient working of a unit. To govern these factors work techniques are discovered. This gives an exposure to two of the technique employed in the production unit for calculation of time & motion involved and optimization Along with this it helps in a better understanding of an assembly line at the grass root level, realizing the complexity of the system & how difficult it is to just manage a production process let alone improvise it. The analysis of the listed techniques is implemented on two units –ADHITYA AUTOMOTIVES APPPLICATION PVT LTD, Lko and TATA MOTORS, Lko. Production of parts and an assembly in the units have been studied in the project with regard to the guidelines of the techniques.

[1]. J. Fowler and J. Robinson, ―Measurement and Improvement of Manufacturing Capacity,‖ SEMATECH, Inc, 1995.
[2]. D. Sumanth, ―Productivity Engineering and Management,‖ McGraw-Hill, New York, 1994.
[3]. M. Oxenburgh, and P. Marlow, ―The Productivity Assessment Tool: Computer-Based Cost Benefit Analysis Model for the Economic Assessment of Occupational Health and Safety Interventions in the Workplace,‖ Journal of Safety Research, ECON Proceedings Paper, 2005, pp. 209-214.
[4]. N. Van Hop, N. Sumate and N. Sitawatch, ―Modifying Integrated Model for Manufacturing Process Improvement,‖ Proceedings of the International Conference on Simulation and Modeling, 2005, pp. 38-47.
[5]. W. Yung, ―An Integrated Model for Manufacturing Process Improvement,‖ European Journal of Operational Research, No. 61, 1996, pp. 39-43.
[6]. R. Radharamanan, L. P. Godoy and K. I. Watanabe, ―Quality and Productivity Improvement in a Custom- Made Furniture Industry Using Kaizen,‖ Computers & Industrial Engineering, Vol. 31, No. 1-2, 1996, pp. 471- 474. doi:10.1016/0360-8352(96)00177-5

Abstract: A Six Stroke Engine is that in which the power is obtained twice in a cycle of six strokes. This engine generates more power with higher fuel efficiency than the existing engines. As a result a new engine concept is formed, which is a six stroke engine. Lot of research work has been conducted on this topic nowadays. In a typical four stroke diesel engine, Piston moves up and down twice in the cylinder during one rotation of crank. The power stroke is obtained once during the two cycles that generates the torque to move vehicle. In Six stroke engine the power stroke is obtained two times out of six strokes.

[1]. Patents-US4917054
[2]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-stroke_engine
[3]. "Six-stroke engine." No. 2409339. 6 Dec. 2000
[4]. http://mechsters.blogspot.in/2010/10/technical-paper-on-six-stroke-engines.html [5]. http://www.sixstroke.com/images/history/border_november_1994.pdf First use of "sixstroke" 1994 [6]. Lyons, Pete (2006-02-27). "Inside Bruce Crower's Six-Stroke Engine". www.autoweek.com. Retrieved 2012-07-28.

Abstract: Photoelasticity is an experimental method to determine the stress distribution in anelastic material having optical property. Now a day's large numbers of photo elasticity experiments are based on the principle of light polariscope. This method is mostly used, where mathematical methods are being validated. Itis experimentaltool for determining critical stress points and stress concentration instructures made up of various ductile materials.In this paper we used this experimental technique and attempted to determine stresses in a rectangular cross section beam made up of a composite: aralditeD resin material (cy230). A four point load is applied on the beam.

[1]. Fang li"Study of Stress Measurement Using Polariscope,thesis", august 2010.
[2]. A.Bilek, T.Touat,S.Larbi, S. Djebali "Photoelastic and numerical stress analysis of a pin on a plan contact subjected to a normal and a tangential load, thesis" may 2012.
[3]. Naveen.Y.A, Ramesh.K, and VivekRamakrishnan "Use of Carrier Fringes in the Evaluation of Edge Residual Stresses in a Glass plate by Photoelasticity, thesis"IIT madras.

Abstract: Piston is one of the main components composing an internal combustion engine and a lot of empirical knowledge and advanced technologies are fully used for the piston design. The piston primary motion is an important phenomenon in IC engine. It occurs due to piston transverse and rotational motion during piston reciprocating motion.

[1]. E E.Ungar and D Ross, "Vibration and noise due to Piston primary secondary motion and piston slap in Reciprocating
Machinery",Journal of sound vibration (1965) 2 (2),132-146.
[2]. Mr. Vinay .V. Kuppast, and Dr. S. N. Kurbet, "Review of Finite element analysis of IC engine noise and its experimental
validation‟. International conference on total engineering Analysis, IISC,Bangalore 2008
[3]. Suzuki,T,Fujimoto,Y, Ochiai,Y. and Fujimara,I, Goenka,P.K,A numerical study on piston primary and secondary motion and slap
in Diesel engines, "JSME Transactions, Series B,Vol.53,No.492,pp.2610-2618(1987).
[4]. S Furuhama and K Hirukawa, "Piston primary and secondary and Slap motion and engine noise under low temperature idling
operation of diesel engines",SAE paper 830066,1983.

Abstract: Turbochargers are used throughout the automotive industry to enhance the output of an internal combustion engine without increasing the cylinder capacity. The application of such a mechanical device enables automotive manufacturers to adopt smaller displacement engines, commonly known as engine downsizing. Turbochargers were often used to increase the potential of an already powerful IC engine, e.g. those used in motorsport.

[1]. John B. Heywood, "Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals", McGraw-Hill series in mechanical engineering.
[2]. M L Mathur, R P Sharma, "Internal Combustion Engine", II Edition, Dhanpat Rai Publications.
[3]. Willard W Pulkrabek, "Engineering Fundamentals of the Internal Combustion Engine", PHI Learning, 2012.
[4]. Frederick Remsen Hutton, "The Gas-Engine- A Treatise on the Internal-Combustion Engine Using Gas, Gasoline, Kerosene or Other Hydrocarbon as Source of Energy", Paperback, Nabu Press, 2010.
[5]. Wallace Ludwig Lind, "Internal-Combustion Engines: Their Principles and Applications to Automobile, Aircraft, and Marine Purposes", Paperback, Nabu Press, 2009.
[6]. Carpenter Rolla C, "Internal Combustion Engines, Their Theory, Construction and Operation", Paperback, Hardpress Publishing, 2011.

Abstract: The research focused on experimental evaluation of compaction characteristic of laterite soil using quadratic function. This was with a view to obtain empirical relationships between optimum moisture content and maximum dry density. Six samples of lateritic soils were obtained. The samples were subjected to laboratory analysis in their natural states and there compaction characteristics were determined. Quantitative relationships between optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of the soil samples were developed using second order polynomial function..

[1]. Bell, F.G. (2004): Engineering Geology Black Well Scientific Publications Oxford, London.
[2]. Braja, M.D. (2000): Principle of Geotechnical Engineering, 2 nd Edition, U.S.A, Thomson International.
[3]. Donald, P.C. (1999): Geotechnical Engineering Principles and practices, PrenticeHall
International, California. Development in
Geotechnical Engineering. 1976; 9:554.
[4]. John, A. (1993): Introduction to the Mechanics of Soil and Foundations, MC GRAWHILL
Book Company, England.

Abstract: The results of a study that considered the use of linear regression equations to have a correlation between index properties and California bearing ratio of some lateritic soil within Osogbo. South Western Nigeria have been presented. For an appreciable conclusion to be established, lateritic soil samples were collected from eight (8) different borrow pits within the town and various laboratory tests including Atterberg limit, Sieve analysis, California bearing ratio, Compaction and Specific gravity were performed on the soil samples..

[1]. AASHTO (1986). Standard specification for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing,14 th Ed., Washington,
D.C.
[2]. Adedimila, A.S and Usifo, J.E.F (1994). 'A comparative study of California Bearing Ratio and Unconfined compressive Tests for
Stabilized Lalerile. NSI: Technical Transactions. Vol.29 pp. 6174.
[3]. Adegbola, A. A. (2003). Establishing a relationship between CBR and Index properties of road base materials. Science Focus
Vol. 4 pp. 610. AlKhafaji,
A.N. (1987). A simple approach to the estimation of soils compaction parameters. Q. J. Engrg. Geol., 20:1530.

[4]. AlKhafaji, A.N. and Andersland, O.(1992). Equations for compression index approximation. J. Geotech. Engrg.,
ASCE,118(1): 148153.
[5]. AlKhafaji and Andersland, 1992), Benson, C.H. and Trast, J. (1995). 'Hydraulic conductivity of thirteen compacted
clays'Clay and clay minerals 43 (6), 669.

Abstract: Recently it has become mandatory to design all the civil engineering structures including building frames for the earthquake effects in addition to dead load, live load and wind load effects. The present work deals with the determination of storey drifts and force response of 20-storeyed reinforced concrete I-shaped buildings located in different seismic zones using ETABS 2013 Ultimate 13.2.2. The effects of plan dimensions, severity of seismic zone, infill walls on the storey drifts and force response have been evaluated. It is observed that the absolute maximum storey drift occurs in Zone V and that the effect of presence of infill walls in the analysis is to reduce the storey drifts.

[1] Wakchaure M.R, Ped S. P, "Earthquake Analysis of High Rise Building with and Without In filled Walls", ISO 9001:2008 Certified International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT),Volume 2, Issue 2, August 2012.
[2] Mohammed Yousuf, P.M. Shimpale,"Dynamic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Building with Plan Irregularities", International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 9, September 2013.
[3] Amin Alavi, P. Srinivasa Rao, "Effect of Plan Irregular RC Buildings In High Seismic Zone", Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, November 2013, Pages: 1-6.
[4] Himanshu Gaur, R.K Goliya, Krishna Murari, Dr. A. K Mullick "A parametric study of multi- storey r/c buildings with horizontal irregularity", IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Volume: 03,Issue: 04, Apr-2014.
[5] M.G.Shaikh, Hashmi S.Shakeeb, "Effect of Seismic Joint in the Performance of Multi-Storeyed L-Shaped Building", IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Volume 10, Issue 1 (Nov. - Dec. 2013), pp-70-77.

Abstract: This investigation is an effort to find best optimization method for petrol engine using variable carburetor system. In present position of the world, energy crisis due to fast depletion of fossil fuel is main problem. Increase in fuel price day by day, continuously growth of automobile industry, rapid growth in individual mobility and improved living standard, continuous accumulation of greenhouse gases are the main causes for development of alternative techniques Researchers are continuously finding best alternative solution, which gives the best performance and fuel characteristics When the use alternate techniques in petrol engine.

[1]. S. S. Chung et al 'Scavenging a Sub-chamber type CNG fueled engine'. International Journal of Automotive Technology, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 123-128(2008)
[2]. Zhijun Peng et al 'Numerical simulation of charge stratifications to improve combustion and NO formation of lean burn S. I. Engines'. Front. Energy power Eng. China 2009, 3(3): 353-358
[3]. S.H. Chan et al 'The effect of Thermal barrier coated piston crown on engine characteristics'. Journal of Materials Engineering & Performance Vol. 9(1) February 2000, 103-109
[4]. Jinyoung Cha et al 'The effect of exhaust gas recirculation on combustion stability, engine performance and exhaust emissions in gasoline engine '.KSME International Journal. Vol. 15, No. 10, pp. 1442-1450, 2001
[5]. Jae Keun Park et al 'Comparisons of Predicted and measured results on performance and emission of engine effected by intake air dilution and supercharging '.KSME International Journal vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 956-962, 1998

Abstract: In this present work an attempt is made to investigate the fresh, hardened and stress-strain behaviour of SCC blended with GGBS and silica fume. Compression test is conducted by testing 150x150x150 mm cubes for each mix and stress-strain behaviour of SCC is determined by conducting test on cylinders of 150x300mm dimension. An attempt is made to find the ductility factor for different combination of GGBS and Silica fume using Saenz Model. Normalised stress v/s normalised strain graph is shown in this paper.

Key Words: Self compacting concrete, GGBS, Silica fume, Compressive Strength, Stress-Strain, Ductility factor.

[1]. R.Vasusmitha,Dr.P.Srinivasa Rao "Strength And Durability Study Of High Strength Self Compacting Concrete", International Journal of Mining, Metallurgy & Mechanical Engineering (IJMMME) Volume 1, Issue 1 (2013) ISSN 2320–4060.
[2]. G.Giri Prasad Dr.M.V. Seshagiri Rao Dr.G.V. Rama Rao"Computation of Stress-Strain Behaviour of Self – Compacting Concrete in Higher Grade", Indian Journal of Electronic and Electrical Engineering ndian Journal of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringVol. 4 No. 1-2, January-December, 2015.
[3]. N.K. Amudhavalli1, Jeena Mathew "Effect of Silica Fume on Strength and Durability Parameters of SCC",International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Emerging Technologies, August 2012. ISSN: 2231 – 6604 Volume 3, Issue 1, pp: 28-35 IJESET.
[4]. Liana Iureş,Corneliu bob "The Future Concrete: Self-Compacting Concrete", Universitatea Tehnică Gheorghe Asachi din Iaşi Tomul LVI (LX), Fasc. 2, 2010.
[5]. B.H.V. Pai M. Nandy"Experimental Study on Selfcompacting Concrete Containing Industrial By-Products", European Scientific Journal April 2014 edition vol.10, No.12 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431.

Abstract: In India, the unmanned railway level crossings are of major concerns these days because of rising rail-road accidents in India. There is an urgent need to develop an information system which can inform the users before hand of the approaching unmanned railway level crossings with their characteristics. Each unmanned level crossing was surveyed to collect the unmanned railway level crossing characteristics on Shahdra-Shamli-Tapri railway route through Global Position System and sensor. These are stored and analyzed through GIS software.

[1]. K. Pajunen and A. Kumar, Best practices to improve level crossing safety, Finland & India Group of Experts on Improving Safety at Level Crossings 3rd Session, UNECE, Genève, 2014, 1-32. [2]. M. Singh, Unmanned railway crossings continue to be death traps (India: Report-Times of India News 2013).
[3]. Corporate Safety Plan (2003-2013):At a glance, (India: Ministry of Railways, Govt. of India).
[4]. R.K. Verma.,Level crossing safety management information system,India, 2013, 1-10. [5]. Safety Information Management System (SIMS) URL: http://sims.railnet.gov.in.

Abstract: Information about coastlines and their changes is critical in many coastal zone applications such as tidal inundation, sea level rise, coastal geomorphology, sustainable coastal development, coastal environmental management, and protection. Digitizing a feature such as the coastline from satellite images is a time-consuming operation besides introducing errors. This paper examines a procedure based on a combination of edge detection method, satellite images infrared bands, and GIS tools for automatic extraction of part of Mediterranean coastline in Egypt side.

[1]. Boak, E. H. & Turner, I. L., 2005. Shoreline definition and detection: A review. Journal of Coastal Research, 21(4), pp. 668-703.
[2]. Lillesand, T.M., Kiefer, R.W., Chipman, J.W., (2004). Remote sensing and image interpretation., 15th. Ed., John Wiley and Son, USA.704.
[3]. De Jong, S.M., Freek, D., Van Der, M., (2004). Remote sensing image analysis: Including the spatial domain. Kluwer Academic Publishers. MA, USA. 359.
[4]. Miao, G.J., Clements, M.A., (2002). Digital signal processing and statistical classification. Artech House Inc. MA. USA., 414.
[5]. Winarso, G., Budhiman, S., (2001). The potential application of remote sensing data for coastal study, Proc. 22nd. Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, Singapore. Available on:  HYPERLINK "http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~acrs2001" http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~acrs2001

Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to elucidate a solution to reduce the inefficiencies and losses caused due to major parameters pertaining to the aerodynamics of road vehicle (drag, lift). This is accomplished by investigating the variation of the rear slant angle of the Ahmed body and its effect on the drag and lift coefficients and determine the optimum angle for least drag through numerical simulation.

[1]. "Sustainable ground transportation – review of technologies, challenges and opportunities‟, Ramesh K. Agarwal, Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. [2]. "Some Salient Features of the Time – Averaged Ground Vehicle Wake‟, (SAE-TP-840300) Ahmed, S.R., Ramm, G., Faitin, G., 1984. Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., Warrendale, PA. [3]. "Experimental and Computational Investigation of Ahmed Body for Ground Vehicle Aerodynamics‟, I. Bayraktar, D. Landman, and O. Baysal, SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-2742, 2001, doi:10.4271/2001-01-2742.
[4]. "Flow Separations Generated by a Simplified Geometry of an Automotive Vehicle‟, A.Spohn, P. Gillieron, IUTAM Symposium: Unsteady Separated Flows, April 8-12, 2002, Toulouse, France.
[5]. "Numerical Study of the Generic Sports Utility Vehicle Design with a Drag Reduction Add-On Device‟,Shubham Singh, M. Zunaid, Naushad Ahmad Ansari, Shikha Bahirani, Sumit Dhall, Sandeep Kumar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Computational Engineering Volume 2014, Article ID 785294.

Abstract: Reinforcement is defined as the process of mixing various materials whether chemical, natural or artificial for improving the strength and durability of parent substance. Now a days there exists many reinforcement techniques for improving the strength of those materials which lacks load carrying and less durable capacity. Use of steel fiber to enhance the strength and reduce maintenance is an effective technology established in recent times.Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) application is very effective way to repair and strengthen structures that have become structurally weak over their life span. FRP repair system provides an economically viable alternative to traditional repair system and material.

[1]. Nguyen Van Chanh,Steel fiber reinforced concrete,8 Joint Vietnam Joint Seminars, 108-116.
[2]. Kavita S kene, Vikrant S Vairagade and SatishSathawane, Experimental study on Behavior of Steel and Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete Composites, Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science,Vol. 2, No. 4,December 2012, 125-130.
[3]. MazenMusmar, Tensile Strength of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Contemporary Engineering Sciences, Vol. 6, 2013, no. 5,225 – 237.
[4]. Vikrant S Vairagade and Kavita S kene, Introduction to Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete on Engineering Performance of Concrete,International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research,Volume 1, Issue 4, May 2012, 139-141.
[5]. BanthiaN, FRC: Milestone in international Research and development, Proceedings of FIBCON2012, ICI, Nagpur, India, February 13-14, 48.

Abstract: Finite Element analysis tools offer the tremendous advantage of enabling design teams to consider virtually any molding option without incurring the expense associated with manufacturing and machine time. The Ability to try new designs or concepts on the computer gives the opportunity to eliminate problems before beginning production. Additionally, designers can quickly and easily determine the sensitivity of specific molding Parameters on the quality and production of the final part.

[1]. M.Venkateshan , D.Helmen Devraj, "design and analysis of leaf spring in light vehicles", IJMER 2249-6645 Vol.2, Issue.1,pp.213-218, Jan-Feb2012.
[2]. R.S.Khurmi and J.K.Gupta Machine Design chapter 23.
[3]. U. S. Ramakant & K. Sowjanya, "Design and analysis of automotive multi leaf springs using composite material", IJMPERD 2249-6890 Vol. 3,Issue 1,pp.155-162, March 2013,
[4]. Rajendran I., Vijayarangan S., "Design and Analysis of a Composite Leaf Spring"Journal of Institute of Engineers, India ,vol.-8,2-2002
[5]. Dakshraj Kothari,Rajendra Prasad Sahu and Rajesh Satankar Comparison of Performance of Two Leaf Spring Steels Used For Light PassengerVehicle, VSRD-MAP 2249-8303 Volume2 (1), 9-16, 2012

Abstract: Aircraft consist of Horizontal tail and elevator at the rear end of the fuselage. Whose job is to provide stability for the aircraft to keep it flying straight. The horizontal stabilizer prevents up-and-down or pitching, motion of the aircraft nose. The material used for construction of horizontal tail are aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, fiber reinforced composites. Now a day's all aircraft manufacturing industry are using composite materials instead of metallic materials. Composite materials are well known for their excellent combination of high structural stiffness and low weight.

[1]. Air frame structural design by " MICHAELCHUN-YUNG NIU"
[2]. Finite Element Analysis of aircraft wing using composite structure by "Dr.R.Rajappan,V.Pugazhenthi"
[3]. 3-D CAD Modeling and Analysis of Aircraft Wing Using CATIA Software And Its Comparison With ANSYS® Software by "HASSAN NASEEM KHAN"
[4]. Conceptual Design of Fuselage Structure of Very Light Jet Aircraft by "KHAIRI YUSUF"
[5]. Parameterized Automated Generic Model for Aircraft Wing Structural Design and Mesh Generation for Finite Element Analysis by "Muhammad Sohaib"

Abstract: Automotive chassis is a skeletal frame on which various mechanical parts like engine, tires, axle assemblies, brakes, steering etc. are bolted. It is the most crucial element that gives strength and stability to the vehicle under different conditions. Automobile frames provide strength and flexibility to the automobile. The backbone of any automobile, it is the supporting frame to which the body of an engine, axle assemblies are affixed. Role of the chassis is to provide a structural platform that can connect the front and rear suspension without excessive deflection Moreover; it should be rigid enough to withstand the shock, twist, vibration and other stresses. So, strength and stiffness are two main criteria for the design of the chassis.

[1]. Hemant B.Patil, Sharad D.Kachave, Eknath R.Deore (Mar. - Apr. 2013), "Stress Analysis of Automotive Chassis with Various Thicknesses" International Organization of Scientific Research Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN 2278-1684 Volume 6, Issue 1, PP 44-49, D.O.I. - 10.9790/1684-0614449
[2]. K. I. Swami, Prof. S. B. Tuljapure, (2014) "Effect of Torque on Ladder Frame Chassis of Eicher 20.16" K. I. Swami et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.150-154
[3]. K.RajasekarP P, Dr.R.Saravanan (2014) "Literature Review on Chassis Design of On-Road Heavy Vehicles" International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 1 Issue 7, September 2014. 428-433
[4]. N.K.Ingole, D.V. Bhope "Stress analysis of tractor trailer chassis for self weight reduction" International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), ISSN: 0975-5462 Vol. 3 No. 9 September 2011.
[5]. N. Siva Nagaraju M. V. H. Sathish U. Koteswarao,(2013) "Modelling And Analysis of An Innova Car Chassis Frame by Varying Cross Section" International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2 Issue 12, December - 2013