iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-Aug 2014

Abstract: Taguchi Method is a statistical approach to optimize the process parameters and improve the quality of components that are manufactured. The objective of this study is to illustrate the procedure adopted in using Taguchi Method to a Extrusion blown film machinery. The orthogonal array, signal-to-noise ratio is employed to study the performance characteristics on tensile strength; a greater S/N ratio corresponds to better quality characteristics.

[1]. Asrat Mekonnen, International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR) Volume 2, Issue 1, January
2013
[2]. Datta, Saurav; & Bandyopadhyay, Asish,& Pal Pradip Kumar-(2008), Grey based taguchi method for optimization of bead
geometry in submerged arc beadon- plate welding, International Journal of Advance Manufacturing Technology,33,pp1136-1143.
[3]. Fowlkes WY, Creveling CM. Engineering methods for robust product design, using Taguchi methods in technology and product
development. Addison-Wesley Publication, 1995
[4]. Deng, Chyn-Shu,Chin,Jih-Hua, Hole roundness in deep hole drilling as analyzed by Taguchi method, International Journal of
Advance Manufacturing Technology, pp420-426.
[5]. Taguchi G, Konishi S. Taguchi methods, orthogonal arrays and linear graphs, tool for quality, American supplier Institute;1987,
pp8-35.

Abstract: Partial capacity design method is one of the performance based design approach derived from capacity design method. In partial capacity design method selected columns are designed to remain as elastic during the severe earthquake which is achieved by designing them to the higher seismic load by using magnification factor formula. Plastic hinges are allowed to form only in the expected locations so as to attain the safe collapse mechanism.

[1]. Armagan Korkmaz1, Mustafa Duzgun2 (2006), "Evaluation Of Different Types Of Pushover Analyses For R\C Frame Structures", Joint International Conference on Computing and Decision Making in Civil and Building Engineering June 14-16, 2006 - Montréal, Canada
[2]. I Muljati, B. Lumantarna (2011), "The Use of Magnification Factor Formula in Partial Capacity Design Method for Fully Ductile Moment Resisting Frames",Procedia Engineering 14 (2011) 220–226
[3]. N.K. Manjula1, Praveen Nagarajan2, T.M. Madhavan Pillai3 (2013), "A Comparison of Basic Pushover Methods", International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) Volume 2, Issue 5(May 2013), PP. 14-19
[4]. Branci Taïeb1, Bourada Sofiane2 (2014), "Accounting for ductility and overstrength in seismic design of reinforced concrete structures", Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN 2014 Porto, Portugal, 30 June - 2 July 2014

Abstract: In this paper, the fabrication and development of metallic foams for an optimization of thermal and physical properties related to solar heat storage unit used paraffin waxwere explored. Macro-encapsulation comprises the inclusion of paraffin wax in some form of package such as tubes, pouches, spheres, panels or other receptacle. These containers can serve directly as heat exchangers or they can be incorporated in building products.The heat conductivity of paraffin during melting and solidification processes, the inner surface between the paraffin and the heat transfer fluid (HTF) and the heat capacity of the solar latent heat storage unit can be improved by development of the material structure in which paraffin wax filled and stored.

[1]. G. Lavinia, Thermal Energy Storage with Phase Change Material, Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies, Issue 20, January-June 2012.
[2]. A. Patil, S. Patel and H. Patil, Theoretical analysis for controlling the system temperature by using phase change material. World Journal of Science and Technology, 2(4):36-43 ,Issn: 2231 – 2587, 2012.
[3]. http:// www.performer-project.eu.
[4]. H. Dieckmann, Latent heat storage in concrete, University of Kaiserslautern, Department of construction physics and technical equipment, (Pro. Dr. rer. nat. H. Heinrich).
[5]. www.energy.kth.se, phase change material storage system , classifications.
[6]. M. Ravikumar and S. Srinivasan, PCM For building cooling, International Journal on Design and Manufacturing Technologies, Vol. 3, No.1, January 2009.

Abstract: The paper describes the design and finite element analysis of carbon fiber-epoxy resin brake rotor. The design and finite element analysis is performed by using computer aided design (CAD) software. The objective is to design and analyze the thermal and structural stress distribution of brake rotor at the real time condition during braking process. The optimization is carried out to reduce the stress concentration and weight of the brake rotor which keeps the unsprung mass low thereby increasing the stability of the vehicle. With using computer aided design (CAD), SOLIDWORKS software the structural model of brake rotor is developed. Furthermore, the finite element analysis performed with using the software SOLIDWORKS SIMULATION AND ANSYS.

[1]. Thomos D. Gillespie, "Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics", 3rd edition(2009)
[2]. Telang A.K. , Rehman A. , Dixit G., Das S., "Alternate Materials in Automobile Brake Disc.
[3]. S.S Rattan, "Theory of Machines", TATA MC.GRAW- HILL PUBLICATIONS, 2005.
[4]. Maleque, S.Dyuti, M. M Rahman, "Material Selection Method in Design of Automotive Brake Disc". Proceedings of World congress on Engineering, 2010, Vol-3 June/July 2010.
[5]. Yathish K.O, Arun L.R ,Kuldeep B., Muthanna K.P, " performance analysis and material optimization of disc brake", International Journal of Innovative Research in Science Engineering and Technology, Vol 2, Issue 8, August2013.

Abstract: An experimental investigation was conducted to study the effectiveness of micro jets to control base pressure in suddenly expanded axi-symmetric duct. Since active control is used to control the base pressure and hence the base drag the air is drawn from the main settling chamber to the control chamber to control the base pressure, hence it doesn't require additional source of energy for the control mechanism. The flow parameters considered in this investigation are the Mach number (1.2, 1.3, 1.5, 1.9, 2.2, 2.6, and 3.0) at the exit of the nozzle, and the ratio of the pressure in the main settling chamber to the ambient pressure (NPR). The geometrical parameters considered are the area ratio between the sudden expansion duct cross-section and the nozzle exit area, and the duct length-to-diameter ratio (10 to 1).

[1]. Wicks, R. S. (1953), "The Effect of Boundary Layer on Sonic Flow through an Abrupt Cross-sectional Area Change‟‟, Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, Vol. 20, pp. 675-682.
[2]. Hall, W.B. and Orme, E.M. (1956), Flow of a compressible fluid through a sudden enlargement in a pipe", Proceedings of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 169, pp. 1007.
[3]. Korst, H. H. (1956), "A Theory of Base Pressure in Transonic and Supersonic Flow‟‟, Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 593-599.
[4]. Badrinarayanan, M.A. (1961), "Experimental investigation of base flows at Supersonic speeds", Journal of the Royal Society, Vol. 65, pp. 475-482.
[5]. Anderson, J. S. and Williams, T. J. (1968), "Base Pressure and Noise Produced by the Abrupt Expansion of Air in a Cylindrical Duct‟‟, Journal of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 262-268.
[6]. Rathakrishnan, E. and Sreekanth, A. K. (1984). "Flow in Pipes with Sudden Enlargement‟‟, Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Space Technology and Sciences, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 491-499.

Abstract: Fly ash is a waste product generated by coal burning power plants. The disposal of fly ash is one of the major issues as dumping of fly ash as a waste material may cause severe environmental problems. Fortunately the discovery made several years back that fly ash can be used as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. This paper deals with an experimental study on the mechanical properties of concrete and the flexural behaviour of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) Beams containing high volume fly ash. In this experiments M20 grade of concrete ( 1:2.3:3.3) is used with w/c ratio 0.556 for various compositions of fly ash replacement to cement (0%, 30%, 50%, and 70%). The test specimens are cast, cured for 28 days and tested under standard conditions.

[1]. High volume fly ash concrete, a green concrete Journal of Environmental Research and Development Vol. 6 No. 3A, Jan-March 2012
[2]. Journal of Environmental Research and Development Vol. 6 No. 3A, Jan-March 2012, pp 885-886
[3]. Mechanical properties of HVFAC "ACI Materials Journal" by V.M.Malhotra.
[4]. M.V. Sheshagiri Rao, M. Janardhana and M. Swaroopa rani, "Strength Characteristics of High Volume Fly Ash Concrete", International conference on civil engineering, Bangalore, July 2001, pp 120-125.
[5]. Malhotra, V.M., and P.K. Mehta.: High-Performance, High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete Supplementary Cementing Materials for Sustainable Development , Inc., Ottawa, Canada,(2002).

Abstract: Generally, tall reinforced concrete structural buildings have been designed for normal loads like dead, live and lateral loads. There are several codes and well known procedures for the determination of lateral loads i.e. wind and earthquake, but in the case of blast loads, there is no sufficient techniques to evaluate the impact over the structures. this study contributes to find out the blast load parameters like incident, reflected pressures, arrival time and positive phase time duration over the facade of a multistory RCC structure (G+13) using US Army Technical Manual 5-1300. It is observed a remarkable variation in the pressures, arrival time, positive phase time duration with height, charge weight and distance.

Keywords: Blast; Impact; Arrival; Reflected; Incident;

[1] TM 5-1300 1990 Edition, November 1, 1990
[2] Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC), Structures to Resist the Effects of Accidental Explosions, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency, UFC 3-340-02, 5.

Abstract: The turbine, propeller, helicopter blades are idealized as rotating cantilever beams in the analysis of its different characteristics. The motive of this paper is to find the natural frequency of rotating composite beams. In the present work a rotating composite beam is considered and the natural frequencies of the beam are determined using dynamic stiffness matrix method. The Dynamic Stiffness matrix method developed for the homogeneous cantilever beams is implemented to composite cantilever beams. First the effective young's modulus in determined for the composite material. The effective young's modulus is used for predict the frequency of rotating composite beam for various parameters. The results obtained, indicates how the natural frequency is influenced by various parameters such as speed, hub radius and number of layers in composite.

[1]. J.P. Chopade, R.B. Barjibhe, International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET). Free Vibration Analysis of Fixed Free Beam with Theoretical and Numerical Approach Method.
[2]. Ramazan A. Jafari-Talookolaei, Maryam Abedi, 2014 Science and Engineering Publishing Company. An Exact Solution for the Free Vibration Analysis of Timoshenko Beams.
[3]. R.C. Smith, K.L. Bowers and J. Lund, Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering. A Fully Sinc-Galerkin Method for Euler-Bernoulli Beam Models.
[4]. S. Talukdar, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati-781039, Vibration Of Continuous Systems.
[5]. Matteo Filippi and Erasmo Carrera, 6th European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ECFD VI), Free Vibration Analysis Of Rotating Structures By Carrera Unified Formulation.

Abstract: This paper introduces the basics of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). It details the architecture and basic instruction set common to all PLC's. Basic programming techniques and logic designs are covered. This Paper describes the operating features of the PLC, the advantages of the PLC over hard-wired control systems, practical applications, troubleshooting and maintenance of PLC's. In Power plant operation PLC plays an important role for the Automation of System. Nowadays Power industry is experiencing many changes. One of the many developments is in the field of Automation with less interference of human being. Automation in Power industry would be useful for safety of Power plant.

[1]. Programmable Logic Controllers International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 77 – No.11, September 2013.
[2]. Yousif I. Al Mashhadany , Intelligent Control and Automation, 2012, 3, 44-49 Design and Implement of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) for Classical Control Laboratory
[3]. Designing Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) Experiment Set with Internal Experiment Blocks Erdal Yilmaza, Sevan Katrancioglub.
[4]. Vishal Kumar Alok, Ajay Goel, To study the different industrial applications of PLC through ladder diagrams, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, May 2011.

Abstract: The maximum noise produced by the train horn is calculated keeping in mind various factors like Doppler's effect (Christian Doppler 1842) on frequency of noise emitted and dampening of sound with distance. The critical angle and noise are calculated using calculus and MATLAB. Suggestions regarding the shape, orientation, placement and height of the barriers are also mad in the end keeping in mind the regulations provided.

[1]. Akhtar, Nasim, Kafeel Ahmad, and S. Gangopadhyay.2012 "Impact of environmental noise barrier in noise reduction and frequency shift." [2]. Daigle, Gilles A. (1998): "Technical Assessment of the effectiveness of noise walls."Noise News International 6.1 11-35. [3]. Hanson, Carl E., David A. Towers, and Lance D. Meister (2006). Transit noise and vibration impact assessment. Chapter 6 6.-6.13 [4]. Hanson, Carl E., David A. Towers, and Lance D. Meister (2006). Transit noise and vibration impact assessment. Chapter 12 12.1-12.8 [5]. Klingner, Richard E., Michael T. McNerney, and Ilene J. Busch-Vishniac.Design Guide for Highway Noise Barriers. Center for Transportation Research, Bureau of Engineering Research, University of Texas at Austin, 2003. Acoustical considerations in noise-barrier design. Chapter 2 7-12

Abstract: As it is known, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars are typically quite different from those of steel bars and they depend mainly on both matrix and fibers type, as well as on their volume fraction; although generally, FRP bars have lower weight, lower modulus of elasticity, but higher strength than steel. In the other hand, FRP has disadvantages, for instance: no yielding before brittle rupture and low transverse strength. In this research, we have investigated flexural behavior in reinforced concrete beams with bars from glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP), bars from carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) andbars from high tensile steel (HTS) under static load.

[1]. ACI Committee 318, 2005, ―Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-05) and Commentary (318R-05),‖ American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Mich., 430 pp.
[2]. ACI Committee 440 (2006). Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars (ACI 440.1R-06). Am. Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Mich., p. 41.
[3]. Adimi, R.; Rahman, H.; Benmokrane, B.; and Kobayashi, K., 1998, ―Effect of Temperature and Loading Frequency on the Fatigue Life of a CFRP Bar in Concrete,‖ Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Composites inInfrastructure (ICCI-98), Tucson, Ariz., V. 2, pp. 203-210.
[4]. Alsayed SH (1998). Flexural behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars. Cem. Concr. Compos., 20: 1–11.
[5]. Alsayed SH, Al-Salloum YA, AlMusallam TH (1997). Shear design for beams reinforced by GFRP bars. In: Proceedings of the third int. symposium on non-metallic (FRP) reinforcement for concrete structures (FRPRCS-3), Japan., 2: 285–92.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper was to study the effect of use of Sudanese aggregate with supplementary cementitious materials silica fume and fly ash in high strength concrete mixes, and study the effect of water- cementitious materials ratio and concrete ingredients in compressive strength, workability and cost of high strength concrete. The concrete specimens were tested at different age levels, 7-days and 28-days for mechanical properties of concrete, namely, cube compressive strength, fresh properties, slump test. This paper presents a part of an ongoing experimental laboratory investigations being carried out for production and characterization of high strength concrete for heightening of an existing concrete dam in the south of Sudan.

[1]. John Newman and Ban Seng Choo, Advanced Concrete Technology Processes (Elsevier Ltd, First published, 2003).
[2]. Silica Fume Association, Silica Fume User‟s Manual, USA, 2005.
[3]. American Concrete Institute, State-of-the-Art Report on High-Strength Concrete, ACI 363. 1997.
[4]. American Concrete Institute, Guide for Selecting Proportions for High-Strength Concrete Using Portland Cement and Other Cementitious Materials, ACI 211.4,2008.

Abstract: This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the performance of high strength concretes, containing supplementary cementitious materials. The main aim of the investigation program is first to check ability to prepare high strength concrete of grade M80 MPa with locally available aggregates namely, Marble and Granit and then to study the effects of high strength concretes to drying shrinkage. The concrete specimens were tested at different age level, 7-days and 28-days for mechanical properties of concrete, cube compressive strength, and length change due to drying shrinkage .Also fresh concrete properties and slump tests has been performed.

[1]. Michael A. Caldarone., High strength concrete A practical guide,2009.
[2]. Silica Fume Association, Silica Fume User‟s Manual, USA, 2005.
[3]. American Concrete Institute, State-of-the-Art Report on High-Strength Concrete, ACI 363. 1997.
[4]. American Concrete Institute, Guide for Selecting Proportions for High-Strength Concrete Using Portland Cement and Other Cementitious Materials , ACI 211.4.2008.
[5]. American Concrete Institute, Guide for the Use of High-Range Water-Reducing Admixtures (Superplasticizers) in Concrete, ACI 212.4R,93.

Abstract: Timber has been used for construction since prehistoric times. However, timber by its nature is combustible, and may be a source of building collapse during fire incidence. Hence, it warrants attention to ensure safety of the buildings. Unlike steel and concrete, the performance of timber species under fire exposure, particularly for species found in Southwestern Nigerian has not been adequately investigated. This paper determined the relationship between the physical, mechanical properties, and the burning characteristics of the
selected Nigeria timber species used for structural purposes.

[1]. E.W. Goldstein, Timber construction for Architects and Builders.McGraw-Hill, New York, USA. 1999.
[2]. G.A. Alade, and E.B. Lucas, Timber connector: a major contributor to structural failure in wooden components in Nigeria. Paper
presented at the 36th annual meeting of the Forest Products Research Society, mechanical fastening session, New Orleans, U.S.A.,
June 24, 1982. 22 pp.
[3]. Z. Bednarek, Determination of the temperature of uncovered steel constructions using numerical methods. Statyba 4(8), 1996, 6–10.
[4]. Z. Bednarek, A. Kaliszuk-Wietecka, and T. Wiśniewski, Research on the influence of fire protection impregnation carried out by
the vacuum -and-pressure method on wood dynamic strength. Building Review (Przegląd Budowlany) 2002, 10: 12−14 (in Polish).
[5]. ASTM E119 - 88. Standard methods of fire tests of building construction and materials. Philadelphia (PA): American Society for
Testing and Materials 1993.

Abstract: In order to further improve the design effect of rolling transport mechanism of manipulator, an improved immune genetic algorithm (IIGA) is introduced to execute the optimization design in this paper. Aiming at the shortages of blind search and weak local optimization ability of genetic algorithm (GA), inspired by the antibody diversity in biological immnue system, the information entropy is used to construct the expected reproduction rate of antibody, and then the antibodies are selected reasonably. In addition, a memmory base is also used to improve the population diversity.

[1] H.R. Shi, G.W. Luo and P. Gao, Optimization of constrained layer damping cylindrical shell based on multi-objective genetic
algorithm, Journal of Ship Mechanics, 19(2), 2015,169-175.
[2] S. Liu, W. Li and Y.C. Zhang, Study on the parameter optimization of soft-switching DC/DC converters with the response surface
methodology, a SPICE model, and a genetic algorithm, Journal of Power Electronics, 15(2), 2015,479-486.

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the effect of liquid additives on strength and behavior of reinforced concrete model beams as well as cracking and deflection of these model beams . The liquid additives (High-range water reducing/super plasticize) in different proportions by weight of cement in the range of 0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%. 1.6% . 2% were used. The compressive strength of concrete •was measured at different ages (7and 28 days) and modulus of elasticity, shear modulus, modulus of volume change. Poissons ratio, deflection and cracking at 28 days. Has been calculated.

[1]. Future Engineering Group ―Design of high rise building to resist wind and seismic loads‖ in Arabic, walid printing press, Egypt 1994, 480 pp.
[2]. Abu — Almagd. .et..al ―Cracks in Reinforced Concrete Structures and its Repair‖, Egyptian Universities Printing Press, Cairo, 2007.
[3]. Concrete manual, 8th edition, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, 1975, 627 pp.
[4]. Janjun, M.A and Welch, G.B ―Magnitude and Distribution of concrete cracks in Reinforced concrete Flexural Members‖, UNICJV. Report No. R 78, Univ. of NSW, Kensington, 1972.
[5]. CEB-FIP Model Code for Concrete Structures, C&CA, London, 1979.

Abstract: This paper exhibits two approaches of refrigerant comparison for the retrofitting process in 1.5 ton capacity room air conditioning system. One is experimentation that was conducted for selected refrigerants using air conditioner test rig and calculate cycle performance analysis, another one is the simulation process by utilizing software like ASPENONE (aspen V8). With this software we can simulate the cyclic process of VCR system to work out the thermo physical properties of three refrigerants R22, R134a, and R32.The performance parameters includes the real coefficient of performance, mass flow rate, and power passed to the compressor. Under the class A2L ASHARE standers R32 has been accepted as safety group refrigerant because the atmospheric life for R22 is 15 years and for R32 is 4.9 years. By taking these performance results and simulation results the R32 is the efficient refrigerant for the retrofitting of an air conditioning system.

[1]. Piotr a. Domanski, David yashar, "Comparative Performance Evaluation Of Hc And Hfc Refrigerants In An Optimized System, " National Institute of Standards and Technology 7th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids, Trondheim, Norway, 2006, 28-31.
[2]. M.Ashok Chakravarthy, M.L.S.Deva Kumar, "Experimental Investigation of an Alternate Refrigerant for R22 in Window Air Conditioning System," International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2 (10), 2012.
[3]. R. Prapainop and K. O. Suen, "Simulation of Potential Refrigerants for Retrofit Replacement" ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 7 (9), 2012.
[4]. B.O. Bolaji, M.A. Akintunde, and T.O. Falade, "Comparative Analysis of Performance of Three Ozone-Friends HFC Refrigerants in a Vapor Compression Refrigerator" Journal of Sustainable Energy & Environment 2(2), 61-64.
[5]. S.k. kalla, J.A. usmani, "Alternative Refrigerants: A Review" international journal of engineering sciences & research technology, 2014.