iosr-JMCE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2016

Abstract: In foundry industry the shot blasting process plays a vital role for clean, strengthen or polish the metal, in foundries the handling of shot blasting machines having most hazards related to health, safety & Environment are involved. It may cause eye, skin and respiratory tract irritation to health. Particularly in aluminium foundries the aluminium dust emission product is a white crystalline powder and it has the characteristics of forming explosive dust in the air mixtures...........

Key words: Shot Blasting, Hazards, Emission, Exposure, Health Effects.

[1]. A.J Bishop (2015), "Particulate emissions within foundries dust arrestment requirements" Dry bag filtration in foundries, Vol. 11, pp. 737-741.
[2]. Adel M.Zakaria (2005), "Evaluation of Occupational hazards in foundries" The journal of the Egyptian public health association, Vol. 80, pp. 434-464.
[3]. Belmira Netoa (2009), "Strategies to reduce the environmental impact of an aluminium pressure die casting planty: A scenario analysis" Journal of Environmental management, Vol. 90, pp. 815-830.
[4]. Belmira Netoa (2009), "Inventory of pollution reduction options for an aluminium pressure die casting plant" Resources,conservation and recycling, Vol. 53, pp. 309-320.

Abstract: The diversity of SRES scenarios that has potential to produce different increment of climatic trend reflects to the future expectation on development patterns. The selection of an appropriate emission scenario is important to present the appropriate climatic trend suit to the site study. The main objective is to determine appropriate emission scenarios and potential increment of rainfall in the upcoming year Δ2020 and Δ2050 for site study. Two climate projection models; SDSM and PRECIS models were used to generate the future rainfall.......

Key words: Climate change; climate scenario, SDSM, PRECIS, climate projection

[1]. Chu, J., Xia, J., Xu, C., and Singh, V. (2010) Statistical downscaling of daily mean temperature, pan evaporation and precipitation for climate change scenarios in Haihe River, China. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Vol. 99, pp: 149–161 [2]. Collins, M., Tett, S., Cooper, C. (2001) The internal climate variability of hadcm3, a version of the Hadley centre coupled model without flux adjustments. Climate Dynamics, Vol. 17, pp: 61–68.
[3]. Deser, C., Philips, A., Bourdette, V., and Teng, H. (2012) Uncertainty in Climate Change Projections: The Role of Internal Variability. Clim. Dyn., Vol. 38, pp: 527 – 546
[4]. Horton, P., Schaefi, B., Mezghani, A., Hingray, B., Musy, A. (2005) Prediction of climate change impacts on Alpine discharge regimes under A2 and B2 SRES emission scenarios for two future time periods. Report for Bundesamt fur Energie BFE, Ittigen
[5]. IPCC. Climate Change 2013. Physical Science Basis 2013 (2013) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press.

Abstract: The present day research is focussed on development of alternative materials are incorporated with raw materials of Cement, Fine aggregate and Coarse aggregate due to scarcity of materials and enhancing the strength property with the production of High performance concrete............

Key words: Bottom ash, HPC, Mechanical properties, Silica fume, Steel slag aggregate.

[1]. B.B. Patil and P.D. Kumbhar, Strength and Durability Properties of High performance concrete incorporating high reactivity metakaolin, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2012, pp 1099 to 1104.
[2]. H. Vikan and H.Justnes, Influence of Silica fume on the Rheology of Cementitious Paste, Proceedings of International symposium of fly ash, silica fume, slag and natural pozzolans in concrete, ReSykjabik, Iceland, 17 to 20 August 2003.

[3]. Ehehab Ahmed Badrelding Khalil and Mohamed Anwar, Carbonation of ternary cementitious concrete systems containing fly ash and silica fume, Water science Journal, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/wsj.2014.12.001.
[4]. Ozgur Cakir and Omer Ozkan Sofyanli, Influence of silica fume on mechanical and physical properties of recycled aggregate concrete, HBRC Journal 2015, 11, pp 157 to 166.
[5]. P.S. Kumar, M. A. Mannan and K.V. John, High performance reinforced concrete beams made with sand stone reactive aggregates, The Open civil Engineering Journal, Vol. 36, No. 5, 2008, pp. 41 to 50.

Abstract: Better surface quality and longer functionality of cylindrical parts are the demands of the industries such as automobile, aircraft, machine tool, pneumatic and hydraulic equipment, railways and so on.Burnishing is considered as a chipless cold working finishing process and improves the surface finish of workpieces that have been previously machined. In Roller burnishing, Surface finish is achieved by flattening the rough peaks by compressive force of the rollers.............

Key words: Roller burnishing, Taguchi method, Surface roughness

[1] G.Revankar, R. Shetty, S. Rao, and V. Gaitonde, Selection of optimal process parameters in ball burnishing of titanium alloy, Machining Science and Technology,18(3), 2014, 464-483.

[2] M. El-axir, and M. El-khabeery, Ball burnishing process optimization for Aluminium alloy using taguchi technique, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 1(3),2014,1-14.

[3] J. Rao, A.Reddy,andP. Rama Rao, Study of roller burnishing process on Aluminium work pieces using design of experiments,International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), 1(2),2011,0976-6340.

[4] T. El-TaweelandM. El-axir,Analysis and optimization of the ball burnishing process through the Taguchi technique, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,3(41),2009,301-310.

[5] P.RBabu, T. SPrasad, AVSRaju,andAJBabu, Effect of internal roller burnishing on surface roughness and surface hardness of mild steel,Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research,1(68),2009,29-31.

Abstract: In this research work, the effect of process parameters on the dimensional accuracy, surface finish and damages of the slots produced by end milling on GFRP composite laminate is studied. Machining is necessary to obtain close dimensional accuracy with minimized surface damages towards the selection of best milling processes parameters such as spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut............

Key words: End milling, Machinability, Taguchi's DOE, Uni- directional (UD) and bi-directional (BD) GFRP composite laminates

[1] Smith WF. Principles of materials science and engineering.MacGraw-Hill; 1990. p. 699–724.

[2] Davim, JP, Mata, F, 2004, Influence of cutting parameters on surface roughness using statistical analysis. Indus Lubrication Tribol, 56(5), pp. 270-274.

[3] Santhana krishanan, G., Krishnamoorthy, R., and Malhotra, sk., 1989,'' machinability charecteristics of fiber reinforced plastics composites'' ., JMWT., (17), pp.95-104.

[4] Ramulu M, Arola D, Colligan K. Preliminary investigation of effects on the surface integrity of fiber reinforced plastics. In:Engineering systems design and analysis 2, PD-vol-64-2. ASME; 1994. p. 93–101.

[5] Kaneeda T. CFRP cutting mechanism. In: Proceeding of the 16th North American Manufacturing Research Conference. 1989. p.216–21.

Abstract: Due to modernization, increase the number of industries and automobiles sector the consumption of petroleum products has increased which leads to fuel crises. It was estimated consumption of diesel fuels in India was 28.30 million tones, which is 43.2% of the consumption of petroleum products. This requirement was met by importing crude petroleum as well as petroleum products, with the expected growth rate of diesel consumption of more than 14% per annum, for this shrinking crude oil reserves and limited refining capacity, as per the research survey petroleum products may available another 30 to 50 years, it has made us to think and focus on search alternate fuels for diesel fuel...........

Key words: Diesel, Jatropha oil, Apricot oil, Performance, Exhaust emissions

[1]. B.Bharath Kumar, M.Rajesh and K.Srinivas (2014) entitled paper "Performance and Emission Analysis of Flex Seed Oil Blended with Diesel Using Methyl Esters as Additive on VCR Engine" International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), Volume 17 and ISSN: 2231-5381.
[2]. Sukumar Puhan, G. Nagarajan, N. Vedaraman and B.V. Ramabramhmam (2007) entitled paper" Mahua Oil (Madhuca Indica Oil) Derivatives as a Renewable Fuel for Diesel Engine Systems in India: A Performance and Emissions Comparative Study " International Journal of Green Energy, 4:1, 89-104 and ISSN: 1543-5075
[3]. Y.V.H.Rao, R.S.Voleti, A.V.S.Rajuand and P.N.Reddy (2011) entitled paper "The effect of cottonseed oil methyl ester on the performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine" International Journal of Ambient Energy, 31:4, 203-210 and ISSN: 0143-0750
[4]. Chandrakanta Nayak, Saroj Kumar Achrya and Ranjan Kumar Swain (2014) entitled paper "Performance of a twin cylinder dual-fuel diesel engine using blends of neat Karanja oil and producer gas" International Journal of Ambient Energy, 37:1, 36-45 and ISSN: 0143-0750

Abstract: Environmental worry and accessibility of petroleum fuels have caused attention in the look for new substitute fuels for engine. Several alternate fuels are tried by various researches. A Test study has been took out for palm biodiesel blended with diesel operate in a single cylinder diesel engine. The Palm seed oil is acquired from the seeds of palm tree. Palm oil presents a very hopeful outline of operating as alternative fuels to fossil diesel fuel. The effect of these can be collated approvingly with the characteristics required for internal combustion engine fuels especially direct injection (diesel) engine. Experiments will perform for five loads, i.e.............

Key words: Performance Investigation, palm Bio Diesel, kirloskar diesel engine, dynamometer.

[1] Arbune, J., Manatkar, S., Koparde, N., & Hingane, M. (2014). PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ANALYSIS OF BIODIESEL ( JATROPHA + CHICKEN FAT ) ON DIESEL ENGINE INTRODUCTION HOW BIODIESEL IS MADE ?, 2(5), 81–90.
[2] Dr. Hiregoudar Yerrennagoudaru, & Lohit H A. (2014). Performance & emission of Twin Cylinder Diesel Engine Using \nDiesel & Ethanol. Ijmer, 4(7), 16–23. Retrieved from http://www.ijmer.com/papers/Vol4_Issue7/Version-3/IJMER-47031623.pdf
[3] Fattah, I. M. R., Masjuki, H. H., Kalam, M. A., Mofijur, M., & Abedin, M. J. (2014). Effect of antioxidant on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with palm biodiesel blends. Energy Conversion and Management, 79, 265–272. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.12.024
[4] Ingle, S., Nandedkar, V., & Nagarhalli, M. (n.d.). Prediction of Performance and Emission of Palm oil Biodiesel in Diesel Engine. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), 16–20.

Abstract: The present paper deals with the experimental study of roughness (Ra) characteristics of EN 47 spring steel in WEDM and optimization of the machining process parameters based on L27 orthogonal design. Experiments are carried out by utilizing the combination of four process parameters namely, pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), wire feed (WF) and gap voltage (V).The optimum combination of process parameters for minimum roughness is obtained as Ton3Toff3WF1V1 i.e.............

Key words:WEDM, EN47 spring steel, surface roughness, optimization, Taguchi method.

[1] M. Durairaj, D. Sudharsun and N. Swamynathan, Analysis of Process Parameters in Wire EDM with Stainless Steel using Single Objective Taguchi Method and Multi Objective Grey Relational Grade, Procedia Engineering, 64, 2013, 868 – 877.
[2] H. Singh and R. Garg, Effects of process parameters on material removal rate in WEDM, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 32, 2009, 70-74.
[3] G.Ugrasen, H.V.Ravindra, G.V.Naveen Prakash and R.Keshavamurthy, Process optimization and estimation of machining performances using artificial neural network in wire EDM, Procedia Materials Science, 6, 2014, 1752 – 1760.
[4] J. Kapoor, S. Singh and J. Singh Khamba, Recent Developments in Wire Electrodes for High Performance WEDM, Proc. of the World Congress on Engineering, Vol II, London, 2010.
[5] A.G. Mamalis, G.N. Vosniakos, N.M. Vaxevanidis and J. Prohaszka, Macroscopic and Microscopic Phenomena of EDMed Steel Surfaces: An Experimental Investigation, Journal of Mechanical Working Technology, 15(3), 1987, 335-356.

Abstract: The present research targets to study the effect of mechanical ventilation systems on airflow patterns, in addition to relative humidity distribution and temperature inside the tomb of Horemheb (KV57) and the thermal comfort prediction through this work was based on the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) model and the PPD (Percentage Predicted Dissatisfied) model, the PMV and PPD were estimated using Fanger's model..........

Key words: CFD, Thermal Comfort, KV, PMV, PPD

[1] AbdelAziz,O,2005"flow regimes, thermal and humidity patterns in ventilated archaeological tombs, kings valley, Luxor", MSc. Thesis, Cairo university 2005.
[2] Ezz-Eldin, H., 2006 '' thermal comfort prediction and assessment ventilated archaeological tombs, Kings Valley, Luxor", MSc. Thesis, Cairo university 2006.
[3] Mohamed, O., 2008'' flow, thermal patterns and moisture distribution in ventilated archaeological tombs, Kings Valley, Luxor", MSc. Thesis, Cairo university 2008.
[4] Kameel, R., 2000, Computer aided design of flow regimes in air-conditioned spaces, M.Sc. Thesis, Cairo University.
[5] Kameel, R., and Khalil, E. E., 2000 a, Computer aided design of flow regimes in air-conditioned Spaces, Proc. ESDA2000 ASME 5th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design & Analysis, Montreaux 2000.

Abstract: This study investigates the seismic performance of buildings situated in hilly areas, the buildings situated in hilly areas are generally irregular, torsionally coupled & hence, susceptible to serve damage when affected by earthquake ground motion. The building situated on sloping grounds have mass & stiffness varying along the vertical & horizontal planes, resulting the center of mass & center of rigidity do not coincide on various floors ,so for detailed earthquake analysis of such buildings the dynamic analysis such as response spectrum or time history analysis must be carried out............

Key words: Bending Moment, Displacement, Finite Element Method (FEM), Non-Linear Dynamic Analysis, Seismic, Sloping Ground, Time History, Torsion.

[1] Satish Kumar and D.K. Paul., "Hill buildings configuration from seismic consideration", Journal of structural Engg., vol. 26, No.3, October 1999, pp. 179-185.
[2] IS:1893 (I)-2002., "Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures" BIS, New Delhi.
[3] S.S. Nalawade., " Seismic Analysis of Buildings on Sloping Ground," M.E. Dissertation,
University of Pune, Pune Dec-2003
[4] D.S.R.Murthy & K.Latha Journal of Structural Engineering ,Vol 37,No 4,Octomber-November 2010 pp256-262.
[5] IS 456-2000.

Abstract: We all know that heat exchanger is one of the equipment to transfer the heat between the fluids.Heat will transfer from one side of fluid to another side of fluid. In this project weare using counter flow heat exchanger. in this heat exchanger one kind of fluid will come from one side and another kind of fluid will come from another side. Both fluids will be sending inside to the tube in opposite direction. Here we are using two medium one is hot fluidand another one is APISN (American Petrol Institution of Super Natural) with B grade oil..........

Key words: Heat exchanger, counterflow,APISN, XTRA KOOL oil, copper

[1] Ackerman, R. A., 1997, Cryogenic Regenerative Heat Exchangers, International Cryogenics Monograph Series, Plenum Publishing, NewYork.
[2] Afgan,N.,M.Carvalho,A.Bar-Cohen,D.Butterworth,andW.Roetzel,eds.,1994, New Developments in Heat Exchangers, Gordon & Breach, NewYork.
[3] Afgan,N.H.,andE.U.Schlunder,eds.,1974,HeatExchangers:DesignandTheory Sourcebook, McGraw-Hill, NewYork.
[4] Andreone, C. F., and S. Yokell, 1997, Tubular Heat Exchanger: Inspection, Maintenance and Repair, McGraw-Hill, NewYork.
[5] Azbel, D., 1984, Heat Transfer Applications in Process Engineering, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge,NJ.

Abstract: For application of headed deformed bars to the various connection details, it needs to use the design of lap splices between headed bar and hooked deformed bar. The experimental works were conducted to evaluate the lap splice of headed deformed bar and hooked deformed bars. Seven specimens were tested. Main parameters of experiments were the diameter of headed bar and hooked bar, the confinement details, and the lap lengths. As a results,............

Key words: Headed bar, Hooked bar, Lap splice, Reinforced concrete, Lap zone

[1]. M. K. Thompson, A. Ledesma, J. O. Jirsa, and J. E. Breen, Lap Splices Anchored by Headed Bars, ACI Structural Journal, 103(2), 2006, 271-279.
[2]. Y. T. Lee, S. H. Kim, S. H. Chea, and B. Y. Bahn, An Experimental Study on the Lap Strength of Headed Steel Reinforcements with Lap-spliced, Journal of Aik, 24(3), 2008, 87-94.
[3]. S. H. Kim, Y. T. Lee, T. S. Kim, and S. H. Chea, An Experimental Study on Noncontact Lap Splices of Headed Reinforcements with Different Effective Depths, Journal of Aik, 26(5), 2010, 3-10.
[4]. ACI Committee 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary (ACI 318R-11), 2011.

Abstract: In different researches many different types of alternative fuels are used. Based on literature review, it is concluded that for C I engine, Bio-diesel is the most promising alternative fuel. In this project works prospects and opportunities of utilizing 100% pure Karanja biodiesel and increasing Karanja biodiesel-diesel blend ratio as a working fuel in diesel engine is going to be studied by changing engine loads. Also based on experimentation most favorable blend and engine parameters are to be recommended for obtaining better performance.............

Key words: C I Engine, Karanja Biodiesel, Blends, Performance analysis, dynamometer

[1] Alam, R. (n.d.). STUDIES ON THE PROPERTIES OF KARANJA OIL FOR PROBABLE INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CHEMISTRY, 1–29.
[2] Ghosh, S., & Dutta, D. (2012). Performance And Exhaust Emission Analysis Of Direct Injection Diesel Engine Using Pongamia Oil. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 2(12), 341–346.
[3] Mahanta, P., Mishra, S. C., & Kushwah, Y. S. (2006). An experimental study of Pongamia pinnata L . oil as a diesel substitute, 220, 803–808. http://doi.org/10.1243/09576509JPE172
[4] Modi, M. A., Patel, T. M., & Rathod, G. P. (2014). Parametric Optimization Of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine For Palm Seed Oil & Diesel Blend For Brake Thermal Efficiency Using Taguchi Method, 04(05), 49–54.

Abstract: The current society's infrastructure systems are generally based on giving more priority for human – designed systems that only focus safety but not the health aspects. This anthropogenic learning behaviour creates problems which have not been thought to present and is a serious threat to humanity. Many environmental professionals, who understood the impact of such system on the environment, are trying to solve............

Key words: Biomimicry engineering, anthropogenic learning, natural architecture, MemBrain, Engineered Cement Composite, eco-mimicry.

[1] Bruce R. Roberts, What are stomates and how do they work?, Journal of Arboriculture 16(12), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Delaware, 1990.

[2] Emily N. Herbert, Victor C. Li, Self-Healing of Microcracks in Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) Under a Natural Environment, Materials 2013, 6, 2831-2845; doi: 10.3390/ma6072831, July 2013.

[3] Maglic, Michael J., "Biomimicry: Using Nature as a Model for Design". Masters Theses 1896 - February 2014, Paper 871.

Abstract: In today's scenario natural reservoirs of fossil fuel are keeping on depleting and on the other side the use of these resources are increasing. The transportation industry consumes a major portion of these resources, so we need to optimize the use of these resources. Transportation through pipe is among one of the ways in which large quantity of material is supplied from one place to another in an economical manner..............

[1]. D. Lee, J. Park, Dongjun H., G. H. Yook and H- s Yang, "Novel mechanisms and simple locomotion strategies for an in-pipe robot that can inspect various pipe types", Mechanism and Machine Theory 56 (2012), pp 52-68.
[2]. Y-S. Kwon, B. Lee, I-C Whang, Wh-k Kim and B-j Yi, "A Flat Pipeline Inspection Robot with Two Wheel Chains", IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 5141-5146, 2011.
[3]. Atushi K., S. Ma, "Mobility of an In-pipe Robot with Screw Drive Mechanism inside Curved Pipes", IEEE Int. Conference of Robotics and Bimimetics, pp. 1530-1535, 2010.
[4]. Atul G., D. Tambuskar and Gajanan T., "Modeling and Analysis of Pipe Inspection Robot", International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2013, pp 120-126.
[5]. H. Roth, K. Schiling, S. Futterknecht, U. Weigele, M. Risch, "Inspection and repair robots for waste water pipes, a challenge to sensories and locomotion", Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 476-478, 1998.

Abstract: This paper disuses the use of magnetorheological smart dampers for strengthening the structures. Magnetorheological damper fabricated using magnetorheological fluid and a magnetic coil was tested using an exciter. It was observed that the damper attenuates vibration amplitudes effectively and is capable of generating large damping forces as the current input is varied. Such smart devices can be used to strengthen tall buildings, towers, historical buildings or similar man-made structures against wind or seismic loads using semi-active control. Thus, the stability of the structures can be ensured and the catastrophic failures can be prevented by installing these dampers at the appropriate locations.

Key words: Magnetorheological (MR) fluid, seismic loads, semi-active control, smart damper, vibration amplitude.

[1] S. Infanti , J. Robinson , and R. Smith Viscous Dampers for High-Rise Buildings, The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China, 1-8.
[2] S. J. Dyke, F. Yi, S. Frech, and J. David Carlson, Application of magnetorheological dampers to seismically excited structures, Proc. of third conference on structural control, Kyoto, Japan, June 30 1998.
[3] J. G. Kori and R.S. Jangid, Bulletin of the New Zealand society for earthquake engineering, 42(3), 2009, 157-166.
[4] M. Basili, M. DeAngelis, and G. Fraraccio, Shaking table experimentation on adjacent structures controlled by passive and semi-active MR dampers, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2012.12.040i.
[5] L. M. Jansen, and S. J. Dyke, Semi-Active Control Strategies for MR Dampers: A Comparative Study, ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 126(8), 2000, 795–803.

Abstract: The aim of my work is to study the hardness that affects the welding joint of dissimilar metals. Stainless Steel 304 was welded to mild steel using a metal inert gas welding which also known as gas metal arc is welding with the help of filler wire of stainless steel and 0.8 0mm diameter. Argon gas was used as shielding gas in this process. Dissimilar metals welding have great scope in advanced technology nowadays owing to their high hardness, high strength and corrosion resistance properties.........

[1] Rakesh kumar et al. (2011). "Study of mechanical properties in mild steel using metal inert gas welding". Mater Character ; vol 23, issue59: pp 751–756
[2] Radha Raman TA et al.(2004) "A study of Tensile Strength of MIG and TIG welded dissimilar joints of mild steel and stainless steel ." Mater SciEng A2004; vol 53,issue pp 23 - 32.
[3] Farzeen shadhid et al.(2007), "Mechanical and microstructural analysis of dissimilar metal welds "IJRRAS 2007;vol 25,issue 1:pp 6-14.
[4] Sheikh Irfan et. al. (2014): "An experimental study on the effect of MIG welding parameters on the weldability of galvanize steel." intenational journal on emerging technologiesvol32, issue 45,pp146- 152.

Abstract: On constant hunt for performance oriented cars, aerodynamics of cars is an important research topic that cannot be neglected as it plays a pivotal role in stability, handling and fuel efficiency. The scope of the project is to gain insight into the phenomenon that occurs during the interaction between the fluid that is air and the car as the latter propels itself forward. We have simulated real world conditions for original (Swift Dzire) and modified models of the car in an attempt to reduce the overall drag coefficient of the car.

Key words: Drag,Flow Separation, Lift, Spoiler, Pressure Drag, Wake, Swift Dzire

[1] Wolf-Heinrich Hucho, Aerodynamics of Road Vehicles, 4th Revised Edition, Society of Automotive Engineers, U.S., 1998, ISBN: 978-0768000290
[2] ChanchanRajsinhB. And ThundilKarippa Raj R; Numerical Investigation of External Flow around the Ahmed Reference Body using computational Fluid Dynamic; Research Journal of Recent Science; Vol.1(9),1-5, September 2012.
[3] Ambeprasad.S.Kushwaha; Comaparative Study of Rectangular, Trapezoidal and Parabolic Shaped Finned Heat sink; e- ISSN: 2278-1684 Volume 5; Issue 6;(Mar. – Apr. 2013)
[4] Vittorio Celli; Univ. of Verginia; Boundary layer separation and pressure drag; EDT 1997; http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/classes/311/notes/fluids2/node11.html
[5] Wake;Wikipedia;14 April 2016;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake