iosr-JMCE   Volume-16 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2019

Abstract: Performance of fan cooling system occasionally should be measured in order to get appropriate flow capacity of the air. However during in operation fan also emit the sound to the ambient. The fan generates noise because of turbulence flow around the rotor dynamics system. Therefore the sound measurement is needed to quantify the annoying signal as the source of noise of the automotive. This paper presents a measurement result of the performance and noise generated by the fan cooling system used in a car. The results of the measurements are the capacity and sound pressure level of the fan cooling system. During operation condition, the fan has a sound pressure level with various magnitude, from 63 dB to 85 dB. The result of measurement so far agrees with the theoretically that the increasing RPM of the fan will increase the performance and noise of the cooling fan..

Keywords - Performance, noise, measurement, fan, automotive

[1] T.K. Jack and M.M.Ojapah (2013). Water-Cooled Petrol Engines: A Review of Considerations in cooling Systems Calculations with Variable Coolant Density and Specific Heat, International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 1 (2):659-667.
[2] S. F. Wu and S. G. Su (1997). Modeling of the noise spectra of Axial Flow fans in a free field. Journal of Sound and Vibration 200 (4): 379-399.
[3] I.J. Sharland (1964). Sources of noise in axial flow fans, Journal of Sound and Vibration 1 (3): 302-322.
[4] C. G. Van Niekerk (1966). Noise Generation in Axial Flow fans. Journal of Sound and Vibration 3 (1): 46-56.
Books:
[5] Long, Marshall. Architectural Acoustics, UK: Elsevier Academic Press, 2006..

Abstract: Expansive soils (ES) tend to be problematic due to the alternate swelling and shrinkage they undergo following seasonal moisture changes. This behaviour of soil is attributed due to the presence of mineral Montmorillonite, which has an expanding lattice. Structures built in them are subjected to distress and as a result special foundations have to be adopted in these soils. Sand cushion, CNS cushion and under-reamed piles are some of the foundations that are being used in this country to overcome the problems. However, each one of the above practices suffers from one drawback or the other. In the present study, Expansive soil was treated with combination of Lime and GGBS. The percentage variation of lime was 2,4,6 and 8 and for each percentage of Lime, GGBS was varied as 5,10, 15 and 20 percentages. For each and every percentage of combination of Lime and GGBS Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, compaction characteristics and CBR test and Tri-axial test(UU) were conducted.

Keywords - Expansive clay, Lime, GGBS

[1]. Uppal, H.L., " Field study on the movement of moisture in black cotton soils under road pavements", Symposium on moisture Equilibria and Moisture changes in Soils Beneath Covered areas, Butterworths, Australia, 1965, pp.687-693.
[2]. Mohan, D., Black cotton soils-highly expansive clays of India", Proceedings of International Conference on Engineering Problems of Regional Soils, Beijing, China, 1988, pp.637-642.
[3]. Katti, R.K., "Search for solutions to problems in black cotton soils". First IGS Annual lecture, Indian Geotechnical Journal, Volume 9, 1979, pp. 1-80.
[4]. Desai, M.D., "Geotechnical aspects of residual soils of India, Sampling and Testing of Residual Soils, a Review of Int. Practice, 1985, pp. 83-98.
[5]. Bell F.G. (1996): "Lime stabilization of clay minerals and soils", Eng Geol, 42:223– 237...

Abstract: This paper presents a simplified method for the calculation of thin-plate deflections for the regular and irregular plates. The method, which deals with the uniform and concentrated loaded plates, uses the stiffness method to obtain plate deflection equations for specified boundary conditions. A case study was presented to demonstrate the use of the proposed method and to illustrate its capabilities. The results obtained were in close agreement with those obtained analytically and with those obtained using the finite element methods. Finally, a user-friendly program for the plate deflection calculations based on the proposed method was developed using the mathematical package MATHCAD..

Keywords - Deflection, Finite Element, Mathcad, Plate Analysis, Stiffness

[1]. Timoshenko, S. and Woinowsky, S., (1959), "Theory of Plates and Shells",McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, USA.
[2]. Wang, C. K., 1983. Indeterminate Structural Analysis, McGraw-Hill BookCompany, New York, USA.
[3]. STAAD Pro V8i, 2014. Finite Element Program, Research Engineers Inc.,Orange, California 92667, USA.
[4]. SAP 2000 v16, "Integrated Software for Structural Analysis and Design", Computers and Structures Inc. CSI., Berkeley, California.
[5]. Mohammed S. Al-Ansari 1997. "Simplified Method for Plate DeflectionCalculation", Engineering Journal of University of Qatar, Vol. 10, 1997, p.51-67.

Abstract: Deterioration models are an integral part of asset management used to predict future asset condition. One hundred buildings having different properties were audited to determine the level of degradation of building main elements and their deterioration causes which leads to different decisions for maintenance and repair. Data Analysis was then applied to find the correlation and regression between the elements deterioration symptoms and causes that lead to this deterioration. This paper has explored the main deterioration causes in the investigated buildings, and then regression equation for each deterioration symptoms was developed as a function of the deterioration causes that lead to this deterioration for each element. Then a matrix in excel sheet is designed to estimate the deterioration value where the user will input the values of deterioration causes according to the investigated symptoms of the building to come out with recommended decision for repairing or demolition.

Keywords -Asset management, Building deterioration, Deterioration models, Multiple linear regression model, SPSS Statistical Analysis.

[1]. Keshavarzrad, P., Setunge, S., & Zhang, G. (2014). Deterioration prediction of building components. In Sustainability In Public Works Conference 2014 (pp. 1-9). Institute of Public Works Engineering Australasia.

[2]. Edirisinghe, R., Setunge, S., Zhang, G., & Wakefield, R. (2012). Council building management practices, case studies and road ahead. In Engineering Asset Management and Infrastructure Sustainability (pp. 165-179). Springer, London.

[3]. Tran, H. D. (2007). Investigation of deterioration models for stormwater pipe systems (Doctoral dissertation, Victoria University). [4]. Balaras, C. A., Droutsa, K., Dascalaki, E., & Kontoyiannidis, S. (2005). Deterioration of European apartment buildings. Energy and Buildings, 37(5), 515-527.

[5]. Lu, P., Pei, S., & Tolliver, D. (2016, March). Regression model evaluation for highway bridge component deterioration using national bridge inventory data. In Journal of the Transportation Research Forum (Vol. 55, No. 1)...

Abstract: This study determined the effects of some formulated vegetable (cotton, neem and groundnut) oil based cutting fluids on the cutting force, work piece temperature and surface finish during turning operation of mild steel. Taguchi method of experimental designed was used; the L9 orthogonal array was chosen with four factors, three levels and three replications. The factors were type of oil, cutting speed (45, 90, 125 m/min), feed rate (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mm/rev), and depth of cut (0.50, 1.00, 1.50 mm). Cutting force required to machine the mild steel varied in the range of 633- 1230 N ; 663- 1470 N and 567-867 N for cotton oil, neem oil and groundnut oil based cutting fluids respectively as cutting speed increased from 45 to 125 m/min. The surface roughness of mild steel work piece machined with cotton oil based cutting fluid increase linearly. The surface roughness for groundnut oil increased from...........

Keywords -Cutting Fluids (CF), Cutting Force (cf), Surface Roughness (sr), Temperature (t), Vegetable Oils, Work Piece, Cutting Speed (cs), Feed Rate (fr), Depth of Cut (dc), Viscosity of Oil (vo).

[1]. Abdalla, H. S. and Patel, S. (2006). The performance and oxidation stability of sustainable Metal working fluid derived from vegetable extracts, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 220, No. 12, pp. 2027–2040.
[2]. Adegbuyi, S. B. and Ayodeji, S. P. (2010). Soya bean oil as alternative to soluble oil in machining a mild steel material, Nigeria journal of pure and applied physics, Vol.1, pp. 18-24
[3]. Amrita, M., Shariq, S.A., and Charan, C. (2014). Experimental investigation on application of emulsifier oil based nano cutting fluids in metal cutting process, 12th Global Congress on Manufacturing and Management (GCMM), 2014. Procedia Engineering, Vol. 97, pp.115-124.
[4]. Arshinov, V. and Alekseev, G. (2003). Metal Cutting theory and cutting tool design, MIR publishers, Moscow.
[5]. Fnides, B., Aouici, H., and Yallese, M. A. (2008). Cutting forces and surface roughness in hard turning of hot work steel X38CrMoV5-1 using mixed ceramic, Mechanika, Vol. 70, No. 2, pp. 73–77..

Abstract: Gas turbine life and efficiencydepend on the operating environment and material performance. Material selection is of prime importance to achieve high life and efficiency. This paper focuses on the study of the effect of material properties and variation in alloy composition ofa high- pressure turbine blade on gas turbine life when works in the flexible mode as a pick-up of renewable sources.A tool has been developed wherein different scenarios can be simulated to obtain engine life consumption factors. The engine life is examined according to the different material for different operating scenarios. It is observed that blade life is highly affectedby changing material properties and moreoverit is noted that the smallchange in the mass percentage of some constituent elements of an alloy results in a significant difference in HPT blade life..

Keywords -Renewable Energy; Flexibility; Power Demand; Gas Turbines; Creep-LCF life; Material Properties ; Material composition

[1]. I. A. Essienubong, O. Ikechukwu, P. O. Ebunilo, and E. Ikpe, "Material Selection for High Pressure (HP) Turbine Blade of Conventional Turbojet Engines," Am. J. Mech. Ind. Eng. Ikpe Aniekan Essienubong Am. J. Mech. Ind. Eng., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2016.
[2]. S. K. Bohidar, R. Dewangan, and P. K. Kaurase, "Advanced materials used for different components of Gas Turbine," vol. 1, no. 7, pp. 366–370, 2013.
[3]. A. Kracke, "Superalloys, the Most Successful Alloy System of Modern Times-Past, Present, and Future," 7th Int. Symp. Superalloy 718 Deriv., pp. 13–50, 2010.
[4]. M. Segersäll, Nickel-Based Single-Crystal Superalloys temperature properties, no. 1568. 2013.
[5]. & D. S. & S. P., "INSG Insight," Alloy. Nickel-based Superalloy, no. 20, pp. 1–9, 2013.

Abstract: Repair and strengthening by injection materials has been widely investigated recently through many research. The aim of this research is to evaluate and analyses the behavior of tested concrete specimen and reinforced concrete beams by using different types of internal injection materials with strengthening by internal steel wires (S.W.4mm). The internal injection method in present time became very important method especially for treatment cracks in structures. Cracks in concrete have many causes. They may affect appearance only, or they may indicate significant structural distress or a lack of durability [1-8]. The proper repair of cracks depends on knowing the causes and selecting the repair...........

[1]. Alyabdel-ZaherElsayed.Behaviorof Reinforced Concrete Beams Mainely Failed in Critical Shear Zone by Static Load. M.Ss.Thesis, Assiut University, Egypt 1985.
[2]. Yunlan Zhang .Repair and Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams. Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Engineering Department. Ohio State University. 2012.
[3]. Saeed Ahmad, AyubElahi, AND M YaqoobFarooqi, CONTROL OF FLEXURAL CRACKS IN A SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM BY EPOXY INJECTION TECHNIQUE. 35thConference on OUR WORLD IN CONCRETE & STRUCTURES: 25 - 27 August 2010, Singapore.
[4]. A.Koçak, M.M. Önal AND K. Sönmez. Repairing and strengthening methods for RC structural members. Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
[5]. Alyabdel-ZaherElsayed ;AlyGamalAly ; Mahmoud Hussien Ahmed OmranAbdElfadilOmran.. REPAIR AND STRENGTHENING OF THE WATER PIERS BARRAGES BY INJECTION TECHNIQUE AND ITS EVALUATION. Journal of Engineering Sciences, Assiut University, Vol. , No. , septemper 2011..

Abstract: Quality of building, especially those executed by indigenous construction firms and professionals in Nigeria cannot be measurable with those of developed countries. This ugly situation has been attributed to many factors including dearth of skilled tradesmen, non-existence of national quality standards and code of practice and ineffective government regulatory policies. It was established that the level of awareness of the regulatory policies was not synonymous to the level of compliance and implementation of quality control measure which was found to be only a little below 53 percent. These were fingered as being responsible for quality works and high rate of building collapse in the country. Implementing the recommendations made in this research work will not only reduce considerably the timeline, but also enhance the effectiveness in the quality control of building production processes..

Keynotes: Compliance, Non-conformity, Quality Management Plan, Quality Control, Quality Management, Building, Project, Construction

[1]. Arora, K.C. (2009). Total quality management. New Delhi: S.K. Kataria Darya Gani.
[2]. Dennis, L. (2002). Project Management (7th ed)., London, Gower Publishing.
[3]. Mincks W.R and Johnston H (2011). Construction jobsite management. 5 Maxwell Drive Clifton Park, Ny 12065-2929 USA.
[4]. National Building Code (2006). Federal Republic of Nigeria. Lexis Nexis Butterworthe.
[5]. NIS 444: Part 1 (2003). Composition, specification and conformity criteria for common cements standards organization of Nigeria SON.