iosr-JMCE   Volume-16 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov.-Dec.2019

Abstract: Despite its position on solid waste management hierarchy, landfill remains the most predominant solid waste disposal option in the world. The approaches adopted in Nigeria of open dumping, open burning and burying are inundated with environmental contamination due to lack of appropriate barriers such as bottom and side liners, covers and leachate collection and treatment facilities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of 'contained' landfill as a final disposal approach for Nigeria.A contained landfill site was evaluated to determine its contamination potential and equipment where landfill gas quality and equipment were assessed on site and leachates were collected and tested in the lab. Laboratory tests conducted on leachate samples were pH, conductivity.................

[1]. AyotamunoJ,& Gobo A. Municipal solid waste management in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: Obstacles and prospects. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal.2004; 15(4): 389-398
[2]. Imam A, Mohammed B, Wilson D&Cheeseman C. Solid waste management in Abuja, Nigeria. Waste Management, 2008: 28(2), 468-472
[3]. Dauda M&Osita O. Solid waste management and re-use in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Paper presented at the 29th WEDC International Conference: Towards the millennium goals, Abuja, Nigeria. 2003.
[4]. Ogwueleka T. Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics And Management In Nigeria. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 2009; 6(3).
[5]. Wilson D, Araba A, Chinwah K, &Cheeseman C. Building recycling rates through the informal sector. Waste Management, 2009; 29(2): 629-635.

Abstract: This paper represents the change of Reinforced concrete structural components which are found to exhibit distress, even before their service period is over due to several causes. Such unserviceable structures require immediate attention. And it was done by replacing reinforced concrete by Hybrid Reinforced Fiber Reinforced Concrete. It was determined that load carrying capacity for beam-column joint retrofitted with Hybrid Reinforced Fiber Reinforced Concrete was increased.

Key words: Reinforced concrete, Hybrid Reinforced Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Distress, Retrofitted, and beam-column joint.

[1]. B. Kondraivendhan and B. Pradhan, "Effect of Hybrid Reinforced Fiber Reinforced Concrete confinement on behavior of concrete". Construction Build Material, vol. 23(3): pp 1218–22, 2009.
[2]. T. Turgay, Z. Polat, H.O. Koksal, B. Doran, C.Karakoç "Compressive behavior of large-scale square reinforced concrete columns confined with carbon fiber reinforced polymer jackets". Materials and Design, vol. 31: pp 357–364, 2010.
[3]. G.J. Xiong, X.Y. Wu, F.F. Li, and Z. Yan, "Load carrying capacity and ductility of circular concrete columns confined by Hybrid Reinforced Fiber Reinforced Concrete including steel bars". Construction and Building Materials, vol. 25: 2263– 2268, 2011.
[4]. A.B.M.A. Kaish, M.R. Alam, M. Jamil M.F.M. Zain, and M.A. Wahed "Improved Hybrid Reinforced Fiber Reinforced Concrete jacketing for re- strengthening of square RC short column". Construction and Building Materials, vol. 36: pp 228–237, 2012.
[5]. R. Hafiza, S. Sameen, T. Rahman "A Review on construction process of Hybrid Reinforced Fiber Reinforced Concrete sandwich panel" Volume 3, Number 1 PP: 12-18, 2015.

Abstract: The traditional systems have been studied in an isolated mode, seek to respond to a specific need and deal with a restricted set of variables. The targets established for energy efficient systems and energysustainability imply that new systems are more comprehensive and combine the various individual systems. Thisnew topology requires a new kind of engineering professionalsprovided with new skills. New engineeringprofessionals need to have not only a set of deep capabilities in a specific area, but also more comprehensiveproficiencies that allow them to understand how to integrate their particular system into a wider functional system. This paper addresses some challenges and issues posed to Higher Education institutions and to engineering professionals of the future

[1]. UNFCCC (2015). Annex: Paris Agreement and Decision 19/CP.21 Extension of the Mandate of the Least Developed Countries Expert Group. Report of the Conference of the Parties on Its Twenty-First Session, Held in Paris from 30 November to 13 December 2015 Addendum Part Two: Action Taken by the Conference of the Parties at Its Twenty-First Session (FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1) and (FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.3).
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Abstract: At the rate in which India population is increasing, it is said that India will surely replace China from its number 1 position of most densely populated country of the world after 20-30. These will lead to high rate of consumption of most valuable natural resource "Water" resulting in augmentation of pressures on the permitted freshwater resources. Ancient method of damming river and transporting water to urban area has its own issues of eternal troubles of social and political. In order to conserve and meet our daily demand of water requirement, we need to think for alternative cost effective and relatively easier technological methods of conserving water. Rain water harvesting is one of the best methods fulfilling those requirements. The technical aspects of this paper are rainwater harvesting collected......

Key words: Rain water harvesting, first flush mechanism, Roof water system Gutter for conveyance, Recharge pits, Methods of distribution harvested rain water

[1]. Liaw, C. H., & Tsai, Y. L. (2004). Optimum storage volume of rooftop rain water harvesting systems for domestic use 1. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 40(4), 901-912.
[2]. Jasrotia, A. S., Majhi, A., & Singh, S. (2009). Water balance approach for rainwater harvesting using remote sensing and GIS techniques, Jammu Himalaya, India. Water resources management, 23(14), 3035-3055.
[3]. Rahman, A., Dbais, J., & Imteaz, M. A. (2010). Sustainability of rainwater harvesting systems in multistorey residential buildings. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3(1), 73-82.
[4]. Abdulla, F. A., & Al-Shareef, A. W. (2009). Roof rainwater harvesting systems for household water supply in Jordan. Desalination, 243(1-3), 195-207.
[5]. Glendenning, C. J., Van Ogtrop, F. F., Mishra, A. K., & Vervoort, R. W. (2012). Balancing watershed and local scale impacts of rain water harvesting in India—A review. Agricultural Water Management, 107, 1-13.

Abstract: This paper deals with the manufacturing of micro electrodes by wire electrical discharge grinding process (WEDG). The copper and brass rods of ∅3mm are machined and reduced to ∅0.4mm. These rods with lesser diameter are to be used as micro electrodes for EDM process. Micro electrodes are the tools for micro hole drilling of hard materials by EDM process. In this paper the machining parameters of copper and brass electrodes were analyzed with the help of S/N ratio to find the optimal parameters for attaining the required diameter.

Keywords: WEDG, micro electrode, EDM, S/N ratio

[1]. Kinosita. N, Fukui. M, Kimura.Y (1976) "Study on edm with wire electrode, gap phenomena" Annals. of CIRP, Vol.25, pp. 141-145.
[2]. Tanimura. T., and Heuvelman C.J (1977) "The properties of the servo gap sensor with spark erosion machining", Annals. of CIRP, 25(1), pp. 59–62.
[3]. Masuzawa, T., Fujino, M., Kobayashi, K., Suzuki, T. (1985) "Study on micro- hole drilling by EDM", Bull. Jpn. Soc. Precision Eng., Vol.20 (2), pp.117- 120.
[4]. Huang, J.T., Liao, Y.S., Hsue, W.J (1999) "Determination of finish cutting operation number and machining parameters setting in wire electrical discharge machining", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 87, pp. 69-81
[5]. Dan scott, Sridhar Boyina, K.P. Rajurkar (1991) "Analysis and optimization of parameter combinations in wire electrical discharge machining", International Journal of Production Research, Vol-29, Issue-11, pp.2189-2207

Abstract: The surface water quality of Brahmani river system in Odisha was analyzed by applying the multivariate statistical techniques including cluster analysis (CA), factor analysis (FA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis (AHC) grouped 15 sampling sites into three clusters namely less polluted (LP), moderately polluted (MP), and highly polluted (HP) sites under the similarity of surface water quality parameters. The application of factor analysis/ principal component analysis to the evaluated data set of three different clusters, generates eight PCs for LP and two PCs for MP sites while two PCs were obtained for HP sites with each cases having Eigen values (Component variance values) >1. The PCs obtained from factor analysis indicates.........

Key words: Brahmani River, Industrial/Urban sewage, Cluster analysis, Principal Component analysis,Statistical analysis, Water quality.

[1]. APHA-AWWA-WPCF, 1985. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
[2]. Almasri, M. L. and J. J. Kaluarachchi (2004). Assessment and management oflongterm nitrate pollution of groundwater in agriculture-domonated watersheds. Journal of Hydrology, I295 (1-4): 225-245.
[3]. Abbasi, S. A. and P.C. Nipaney (1995). An assessment of drinking water quality ofthe open wells in Malappuram coast, Kerala. Poll Res. 14 (3): 313-316.
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Abstract: The objective of this work, is to assess the potential of Jordan's renewable energy resources, particularly Solar, Wind and Hydro power, through the development of, local climate data sets in most geographical regions, in order to bridge the gap in the growing demand for energy, as well as, to know the role of the Jordanian government to promote, and invest heavily in renewable energy. Various conclusions such as: Jordan's phenomenal population growth as well as an increase in the urban population, has led to an increase in the demand for energy, required to maintain modern life. Furthermore, the crisis in the Arab world, especially the countries surrounding Jordan, as the Syrian.....

Key words: Renewable energy, Energy, Jordan.

[1]. Abdul Rahim, Nada. (2015). The Energy Sector In Jordan, Brussels Invest & Export Embassy of Belgium Beirut, Lebanon, August.
[2]. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Annual Report (2017), Jordan.
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Abstract: By the design method of finite time sliding mode reaching law, study the longitudinal and lateral control for vehicle following and lane changing in intelligent transportation system. Based on coupled
longitudinal and lateral model of vehicle, by using front and rear wheel steering technology, the coupled control laws for vehicle following and lane changing were designed. The stability of control systems was analyzed by
using Lyapunov function method. The simulation was done applying Matlab toolbox, and the simulation results indicate that the longitudinal and lateral control performance was good by using the control laws designed in
this paper.

Keywords - Intelligent transportation system, Lane changing, Vehicle following, Cooperative control, sliding mode

[1]. Scarinci R, Hegyi A, Heydecker B G. Definition of a merging assistant strategy using intelligent vehicles. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies , 2017, 82:161-179.
[2]. Chaturvedi M, Srivastava S.Multi-modal design of an intelligent transportation system. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2017,18(8): 2017 – 2027.
[3]. Xuan J Y, Lu G，Wang J C. Vehicle Following Control System Based on Micro Smart Car. Information and Control, 2014,43(2):165-170.

Abstract: The present investigation is aimed at assessing the current water quality standard along the stretch of Brahmani River in terms of physico-chemical parameters. In the selected study area the River Brahmani is receiving a considerable amount of industrial wastes and witnessing a considerable amount of human and agricultural activities. Twelve samples were collected along the entire stretches of the river basin during the period from January-2000 to December-2015 on the first working day of every month. In the selected research area, the Brahmani River is receiving the domestic, industrial, and municipal waste waters/effluents all along its course. Various physico-chemical parameters like pH, Nitrate.........

Key words: Brahmani River, Physico-chemical parameters, pH, TDS, Alkalinity, Tolerance limit.

[1]. B.K.Sahu, R.B.Panda and B.K.Sinha,"Water quality index of river Brahmani at Rourkela industrial complex", J.Eco. ToxocologyEnv.Monit, 3,169-175, (1991). [2]. R.K.Trivedi and P.K.Goel," Chemical and Biological method for water pollution studies", 1st Edition Environmental Pollution, Karad (India), 1, (1984). [3]. ISO: 10500,"Drinking water specification 1992 (reaffirmed 1993)". [4]. B.N.Lohani," Water Quality Indices in Water Pollution and Management Reviews" (ed. C.K. Varshney) South Asian Publications, New Delhi, 53-69, (1981). [5]. T.N.Tiwari, S.C.Das and P.K.Bose,"Water quality index for the river Jhelum in Kashmir and its seasonal variation" Poll. Res., 5(1): 1:5, (1986).

Abstract: Construction industry has been lagging behind other industries in terms of project delivery for the past decades. This was due to non-collaborative efforts of stakeholders and fragmented nature of building processes which was caused by lack of cooperation, poor information and integration. This had resulted to design errors, omissions, inefficiencies, coordination problems, cost overruns, delay and productivity losses due to conflicting interests, incompatible strategies among team members and limited access to timely information. Hence, Building Information Modeling integrates, and processes information throughout the entire life cycle of construction projects and ends fragmentation that exists within the building industry.This paper assess level of usage of BIM tools at Federal Universities in South-West, Nigeria. The study adopted mixed method. The population are the professionals within the physical planning units of the Federal Universities that were registered with their respective.......

Key words: Construction industry, Building Information Modeling,Construction Projects, Communication, Fragmentation.

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Abstract: Water, a prime natural resource, is a basic need for sustenance of human civilization.It is one of the most essential and important commodities required for a healthy society.The present investigation is aimed at assessing the current water quality standard along the stretch of Brahmani River in terms of physico-chemical parameters. In this paper, an attempt was taken to evaluate the water quality for both surface water and ground water in and around Rourkela, the Steel City of Orissa. The evaluation involves the study of meteorology, hydrogeology, demography and analysis of physico-chemical parameters. From analyzed data, it was found that, except a few all other parameters are not within the permissible limit. The overall water quality for drinking purposes belongs to poor to very poor quality but the water quality for agricultural purposes are found to be suitable. Panposh area is the major polluting part of surface water in river Brahmani. In most of the areas, the physico-chemical parameters of both ground water and surface water are found to be much higher than the permissible limiting value.

Keywords: Water, Meteorology, Hydrogeology, Demography,Physico-chemical Parameters

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[5]. Kaur, H., J. Syal and S.S. Dhillon (2001). Water quality index of the river Satluj. Poll Res., 20(2): 199-204.