iosr-JMCE   Volume-16 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov.-Dec.2019

Abstract: Construction practices in Mexico, as in all emerging countries have been disorderly, must change and are changing because we can no longer build in the same way as a few months or years ago, today it is essential to take into account the SUSTAINABILITY OR SUSTAINABILITY since today we must establish the following:.

....

Abstract: Levels of various physico-chemical parameters along with coli form cell units were determined for fourteen water samples in pre-monsoon, monsoon and post- monsoon periods between March-2014 to Feb-2015 to assess the water quality stations of Baitarani River. Most of the parameters were of maximum value in post-monsoon period. The samples were acidic in post-monsoon period where as slightly acidic to alkaline in other periods. The pH, EC, TDS, TH, the major cations and anions in all samples and DO values in most of the samples were well within the BIS and WHO limits. But turbidity, TSS, total and faecal coliform units and in some cases BOD values were beyond the limits indicating contaminated water bodies. Fe and Cr contributed a lot for high value of WQI. The sample from (S8) was found to be unsuitable for drinking and bathing purpose. The overall water quality assessment.......

Key words: Water quality index, Contamination, Streams, Physico-chemical parameters, Coliform cell units, Irrigation, Weathering.

[1]. Abdel S, A.M. 2001. Environmental studies on the impact of the drains effluent upon the southern sector of Lake Manzalah, Egypt. J. of Aqua. Biol. and Fish, 5:17-30.
[2]. Abir, S. 2014. Seasonal Variations in Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Rudrasagar Wetland - At Ramsar Site, Tripura, North East, India. Res. J. Chem. Sci., Vol. 4(1), January: 31-40.
[3]. Akhionbare, S.M.O. 2011. Factors in the migration of heavy metals in the otamiri river system. Int. J.of Sc. and Nature, 2(4): 856-860.
[4]. APHA 1998. Standard methods for Examination of Water and Waste water. American Public Health Association, New York, 522.
[5]. BIS:2012. Indian Standard drinking water specifications.IS:10500. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

Abstract: During past earthquakes, the behavior of framed structures was poor due to shear failure, or buckling of column bars in the joint zone. The results of recent researches were carried out to investigate the complex mechanism of the joints, and implemented into code recommendations. Therefore, the aim of this research is investigating the recommendations of international codes regarding design and detailing aspects of beam column joints, as well as a comparison of the Egyptian code (2018), ECP-RC-18 [1], provisions to ACI318-14 [2], ACI352R-02 [3] is provided. All three codes aim to satisfy the bond and shear requirements within the joint. The codes state high importance for design and detailing of joints especially in seismic zones through providing adequate anchorage of longitudinal bars and confinement of core concrete in resisting shear. Significant factors influencing the design of.....

Key words: beam-column joint, design requirement of joint, Shear reinforcement of joint, international codes provision, joint failure mechanism, ACI 318-14, ACI 352R-02, ECP- RC- 2018.

[1]. Egyptian Code of Practice for Design and Construction of Concrete Structures, ECP-RC, (203-2018), by Ministry of Housing and Development, Housing and Building National Research Centre, Cairo, EGYPT.
[2]. ACI318-14. "Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318M-14) and commentary (ACI 318RM-14)". ACI standard, American concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, (2014).
[3]. ACI352R-02. "Recommendations for Design of Beam-Column Connections in Monolithic Reinforced Concrete Structures", ACI-ASCE Committee 352, (2002).
[4]. Y. C. Choi, et al. "Development of a shear strength equation for beam-column connections in reinforced concrete and steel composite system". International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, Vol.11: pp.185-197, (2017).
[5]. Uma, S.R. and S. K. Jain, "Seismic Design of Beam Column Joints in RC Moment Resisting Frames- Review of Codes", Structural Engineering and Mechanics, Vol. 23, No.5, pp. 579-597, (2006).

Abstract: Heat flux and temperature are the two important parameters that has to be studied in the Plain Journal Bearing. These both the factors affect the working of Plain Journal Bearing very much. Factors like rotational speed of the bearing, the geometry and structure of the bearing, viscosity, irreversibility etc are responsible for the variation in the heat flux and temperature with the change in time. In our study, change in the heat flux and temperature change is studied for various mineral oils at different rotational speeds of the shaft. The main aim is to select the best mineral oil that could transfer the maximum heat flux out of the system during the working of plain journal bearing at different rotational speed of the shaft and could also produce less irreversibility in the system. While working on the plain journal bearing, some factors such as Reynolds Number, change in kinematic viscosity with the temperature, Viscosity Index, eccentricity etc., are studied and discussed with respect to the present area of research.

Key words: Heat Flux, Temperature, Journal Bearing, Irreversibility, Rotational Speed of the Shaft

[1]. AbdessamedNessil, Salah Larbi, HaceneBelhaneche and MaamarMalk, "Journal Bearing Lubrication Aspect Analysis Using Non-Newtonian Fluids", Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Advances in Tribology, 2013
[2]. ASTM D2270 "Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C," ASTM International, Conshohocken, Pa., 2010.
[3]. ASTM D341 "Standard Test Method for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquified Petroleum Products", ASTM International, Conshohocken, Pa., 2010.
[4]. Convections, "Use of Conservation Equations", www.nptel.com
[5]. Dana J. Salamone, "Journal Bearing Design Types and their applications to Turbomachinery", Centritech Corporation, Houston, Texas

Abstract: Today, the use of flat glass is increasingly preferred in many industrial areas. Therefore, it is becoming more and more important to reduce the cost of machining of flat glass to internationally competitive levels. In this study, a new composite material drill was prepared and tested to investigate the effect of microstructure and chemical mixture on the life of drilling tools. Experimental studies were carried out with glass drilling machine in a flat glass factory. Microstructure analysis of the drill material was performed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispenser X-Ray Analyzer (EDX). The lifetime of this drill made of diamond particle reinforced copper alloy was calculated. The drill life value of the new drill was measured as 2465 min.

Key words: Flat glass, drilling, MMC, tool life

[1]. Oztürk F, Analysıs On Mıcrostructure Of Cuttıng Tools When Drıllıng Flat Glass," Msc Thesis, BoluAbantIzzetBaysal University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bolu, 2019.
[2]. Oztürk S, Grinding of flat glass with Fe-and Cu-based diamond tools." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 2018; 232(9):1561-1568,
[3]. Öztürk S, Microstructural analysis of metal‐bond diamond tools in grinding of flat glass, Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik, 2014; 45(3):187-191.
[4]. T. C. Science, Industry and Technology Ministry of Industry Directorate-General, Sectoral Overview report, in 2016, Turkey.
[5]. Popov AV, Increasing the efficiency of diamond edging of flat glass." Glass and Ceramics. 2009; 66(5):210-211.

Abstract: 2009 marks the third straight year California has been in a severe drought. The state's reservoirs are at half the levels they should be and California has been forced to reduce water consumption. There has been water rationing, water price increases, and reduction in water allocations. The need to conserve water is clearly present. The reuse of greywater is a viable way to reduce overconsumption of potable water. Subsequently, people must remain cognizant of the fact that greywater is wastewater and regulatory powers need to manage its use properly. Unfortunately, California policies cause confusion and uncertainty in the use of greywater due to the lack of uniform and consistent regulation. Jurisdictions cannot even settle on one uniform definition of greywater. Some regulatory agencies consider it the same as black water, while others consider it a separate category. The issue of greywater use is not so black and white, but rather "grey." Greywater has the potential of reducing the demand for potable water if clear and feasible regulations surrounding its use are enacted.

Key words: potable water, wastewater, irrigation, pollution

[1]. Ahmad, D., Juriah, J., & Vijayaraghavan, K. (2008). Influence of COD: N: P ratio on dark greywater treatment using a sequencing batch reactor [Electronic version]. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 83(5), 756-762.
[2]. [AWWA] American Water Works Association. (2008). Water Use Statistics. Retrieved October 4, 2008, from http://www.drinktap .org/conserdnn/Home/ WaterInformation/Conservation/WaterUseStatistics/tabid/85/Default.aspx
[3]. Attili, A., Musa, M., & Shibly, A. (2008). Graywater reuse in other countries and its Applicability to Jordan. Retrieved October 31, 2008, from
http//www/csbe/org/graywaTer/report/graywater_reuse_other_countries.htm
[4]. [CPC] California Plumbing Code. (2007) Part 5, Title 24. Retrieved October 1, 2008, From http://www.documents.dgs.ca.gov/bsc/Title_24/documents/2007 %20Part%206/2007-CPC-Errata.pdf
[5]. Carpenter, S. (2008, September 27). The realist idealist; A clear vision for gray water; New column looks at sustainable home improvement through the eyes of a budget-minded consumer. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 4, 2009, from www.Lexisnexis.com