iosr-JNHS   Volume-4 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2015

Abstract: In the present study effect of intrathecal hyperbaric Bupivacaine 0.5% with low doses of Clonidine or Fentanyl or Dexmedetomidine were compared in elective lower abdominal surgeries. This was a prospective randomized control trial. 90 patients belonging to ASA 1 &II, aged between 20-50 years were allocated into three groups. Group-C: Clonidine 30μg, Group-D: Dexmedetomidine 5 μg, Group-F: Fentanyl 25 μg. The onset of sensory blockade was comparable in all the three groups. The onset of motor blockade was earlier by about 1.3 mins in Dexmedetomidine group when compared to Clonidine and Fentanyl group.

[1]. H. Singh, J. Yang, K. Thornton et al, "Intrathecal Fentanyl prolongs sensory Bupivacaine spinal block", Can J Anesth Page 42: 11: 987
[2]. Biswas BN, Rudra A, Saha JK, Karmakar S. Comparative study between effects of intrathecal midazolam and fentanyl on early postoperative pain relief after inguinal herniorrhaphy. J Anaesth. Clin. Pharmacol. 2002; 18(3): 280-283.
[3]. Khanna MS, Singh IKJP. Comparative evaluation of Bupivacaine plain versus Bupivacaine with fentanyl in spinal anaesthesia in geriatric patients. Indian J. Anaesth. 2002; 46(3): 199-203.
[4]. Kanazi GE, Aouad MT, Jabbour-Khoury SI, Al Jazzar MD, Alameddine MM, Al-Yaman R, et al. Effect of low-dose Dexmedetomidine or Clonidine on the characteristics of Bupivacaine spinal block. Acta Anesthesiol Scand 2006;50: 222-7.
[5]. Al-Mustafa MM, Badran IZ, Abu-Ali HM, Al-Barazangi BA, Massad IM, Al-Ghanem SM. Intravenous dexemedetomidine prolongs Bupivacaine spinal analgesia. MEJ Anesth 2009:20(2):225-31.

Abstract: Addressing perceived stress, ways of coping and care giving burden among family caregivers are highly relevant in the current scenario in terms of prevention of mental illness and promotion of mental health of people engaged in the care of their family member with schizophrenia. A community prevalence study conducted by the IMHANS, Kerala estimated that 3.2 lakh people in the State suffer from schizophrenia (THE HINDU, May 25, 2006).

[1]. George Awad, Lakshmi Voruganti.caregivers burden schizophrenia, Mar-Apr; 29(2):137-47. [2]. José Gutiérrez-Maldonado, Alejandra Caqueo-Urízar,David J. Kavanagh. Burden of care and general health in families of patients with schizophrenia, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, November 2005, Volume 40, Issue 11, pp. 899-904. [3]. Wageeh Abdel - Nasser Hassan, Ikram Ibraheem Mohamed, Amira Ezzat Abd Elnaser and Nadia Ebraheim Sayed, Burden and coping strategies in caregivers of schizophrenic patients, Journal of American Science, 2011;7(5)

Abstract: Background: Teenager depression is a very real problem. Teens depression is common ,chronic, and recurrent and is associated with co-morbid psychiatric condition. So depression prevent young people mastering important developmental task. The Aim of this study is to identify the risk factors that affecting depression among teenagers in Port-Said City. Subject and Methods: A cross sectional study design was used to meet the aim of this study. Setting: The study was conducted in secondary school in Port-Said City. Sample: A random sample of 236 students,125 male and 111 female.

[1]. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Young Australians: their health and wellbeing2007; cat.no.PHE87. AIHW, Canberra.
[2]. Modabber-Nia J, Tehrani R, Moosavi N,AsliJ and Fallahi M. The prevalence of depression among high School and pre- university adolescents in Rasht, Iran. Arch. Iran. Med. (2007); 10: 141-146.
[3]. Khayerabadi G, and Yousefi F. Mental health among high school students in Kurdistan province scientific and research. J. Kurdistan Med. Sci. Univ., (2000); 5: 12-20.
[4]. Mackenzie D, Gover A, Armstrong G.and Mitchell O. A national study comparing the environments of boot camps with traditional facilities for juvenile offenders. National Institute of Justice. (2001).
[5]. Birmaher B, Brent D, Bernet W, Bukstein O, Walter H and Benson R.Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with depressive disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. Nov(2007);46(11):1503-26
[6]. Kabiru C, Mojola S, Beguy D and Okigbo C. Growing Up at the "Margins concern Aspiration and Expectations of Young People Living in Nairobi's Slums. Journal of research on Adolescence.2013;23(1):81–94

Abstract: A study to assess the effectiveness of selected nursing interventions on health related quality of life and activities of daily living among COPD patients in selected tertiary hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. The aim of the study was to impart the selected nursing interventions applied to the COPD patients in medical and pulmonary wards. The conceptual framework used in this study was Widenbach's Helping art Theory. An Evaluative approach was used for the present study. Using purposive sampling technique 50 samples were selected from Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu, India. The tool used was self administered questionnaire.

[1]. The World Health Report 2008: Primary Health Care Now More Than Ever, World Health – Trends, Primary Health Care – Trends, Delivery Of Health Care. (NLM Classification: W 84.6)ISSN 1020-3311 [2]. Gretl A. Mchugh, Maria Horne, And Karen A. Luker, Specialist Community Nurses: A Critical Analysis Of Their Role In The Management Of Long-Term Conditions, J Environ Res Public Health. Oct 2009; 6(10): 2550–2567.
[3]. Gerene S. Bauldoff, When Breathing Is A Burden, How To Help Patients With COPD, American Nurse Today November/December 2009
[4]. Gillina F. G. Bezemer, Seil Sagar, Jeroen Van Bergenhenegouwen, Dual Role Of Toll-Like Receptors In Asthma And Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, The American Society For Pharmacology And Experimental Therapeutics, Vol. 64, No. 2 .

Abstract: The Herbal medicine today ensures safety in contrast to the synthetic preparations. Herbs the Nature's Physician, have been reported as an important source of medicine for years and years. Using of herbs for curing diseases dated back to prehistory and people of all continents have this old tradition.Recently, wide research proposals highlight the property of medico potential from phytalsources. My herb of interest is also the above said, ofcourseAndrographispaniculata (Acanthaceae) is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of various ailments, which has been documented in history of all civilizations. The present study is to learn the phytochemical properties and the antimicrobial activity of the above using disc diffusion method

Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Herb, Phytochemical, Medico potential.

[1]. Coon, J.T., And Ernest, E. 2004.Andrographispaniculatain The Treatment Of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: A Systematic Review Of Safety And Efficacy. Planta.Med.,[70]: [293-298].
[2]. Ebana, R.U.B., Madunagu, B.E., And Ekpe, E.D. 2005. Microbiological Exploitation Of Cardiac Glycosides And Alkaloids From Garciniakola,Borreliocymoides,Kolanitida, Citrus Aurantifolia. J. Appl. Bacterial., [71]: [398-401].
[3]. Hugo, W.B., And Russell, A.D. 2003. Pharmaceutical Microbiology; 6th Edn.Blackwell Science Publishers, Oxford, United Kingdom.Pp.[91-129].
[4]. Martin.K.,W., And Ernst, E. 2003. Herbal Medicine For The Treatment Of Bacterial Infections-A Review Of Controlled Clinical Traits. J. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, [51]: [241-246].
[5]. Prescott, H., And Klein, J.O. 2002.Microbiology 6th Ed. Macgraw Hill Publishers, USA.Pp.[808-823].

Abstract: Blood components preparations are undertaken to maximize the potential benefits of the components present in the whole blood. These blood components are indicated in the treatment of various conditions including bleeding disorders, trauma, and blood loss due to surgery. A retrospective study on blood components utilizations of King Khalid Hospital, Maternity Hospital and Hail General Hospital was conducted. The analysis revealed that King Khalid Hospital has the highest number of utilization for packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma and platelet concentrate. Hail General Hospital has the highest number of utilization for whole blood. Packed red blood cells is the blood component with the highest utilization among the three hospital-blood banks. Upgrading of inventory and management of blood and blood components is essential. Database linkage among the three hospitals on inventory of blood and blood products should be established to maximize the use of these resources and minimize the wastage.

Keywords: Blood components, Fresh Frozen Plasma, Packed red cells, Platelet concentrate, Retrospective study

[1]. Robertson, S. What Is A Blood Transfusion? Www.News-Medical.Net/Health/. March 31, 2014
[2]. Australian Red Cross Blood Services. Clinical Use Of Blood Components- Transfusion. Www. Transfusion.Com.Au. April 22, 2014

[3]. Clinical Practice Guidelines On The Use Of Blood Components. Www.Nhmrc.Gov.Au/Guidelines/Publications/Cp78

[4]. yrotnevnI tcudorP doolB gniganaM . www. blood tnemeganam yrotnevni/ua.vog.
[5]. Zimmerman, R., Buscher, M., Linhardt, C., Handtrack, D., Zinqsem, J., Weishbach, V., Et.Al. A Survey Of Blood Component Use In A German University Hospital. Transfusion 1997 Oct; 37 (10):1075-83. Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov.

[6]. The Clinical Use Of Blood In Medicine, Obstetrics, Paediatrics, Surgery And Anaesthesia, Trauma And Burns. World Health Organization, Blood Transfusion Safety. 337p. 2001. Http://Www.Who.Int/Iris/Handle/10665/42397

Abstract: Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the commonest menstrual problems among adolescent girls which affects their daily activities and academic activities. Hence, preventing and managing dysmenorrhea is a crucial aspect of adolescent reproductive health. Providing health education is an ideal method to bring about awareness regarding the management of dysmenorrhea which further can help them to improve their reproductive health. Methods And Meterials: A descriptive design was adopted. Data was collected with structured interview schedule among 300 adolescent girls studying in Mangalore One CBSC School and Kanachur Public School, Mangalore.

[1]. IFPS Technical Assistance Project (ITAP). Promoting Adolescent Reproductive Health in Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh, India. Gurgaon, Haryana: Futures Group, ITAP. 2012.
[2]. WHO. The sexual and reproductive health of younger adolescents: Research issues in developing countries. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization Press. 2011.
[3]. Tamrakar A. Textbook of Gynaecology for nurse. 1st edition. NewDelhi: Jaypee Brother Medical Publisher (P) LTD; 2014;13.
[4]. Ju H, Jones M, Mishra G. The prevalence and risk factors of dysmenorrhea. Epidemiol Rev. 2014; 36(1): 104-13. doi: 10.1093/epirev/mxt009. Epub 2013 Nov 26.
[5]. Jacob AA. Comprehensive textbook of mid wifery.1st edition.New Delhi: Jaypee publication; 2008.

Abstract: In most people's minds there is no scarier diagnosis than that of cancer. Cancer is often thought of untreatable, unbearably painful disease with no cure. Cancer may be popular and over generated. Cancer is undoubtedly a serious and potentially life threatening illness. It is the leading cases of death in older Americans, 1.5 million new cases of cancer occurring in United State coming year and over 570,000 deaths in another two million cases per year. It is misconception to think that all from of cancer's which are not reported but could add another truth of the matter is that there are multiple type of cancer, many of which can today be effectively Treated so as to eliminate, reduce or slow the impact of the disease on patients' lives, while a diagnosis of cancer may still leave patients' feeling helpless and out of control, in many cases today there is cause for hope rather than hopelessness.

[1]. Joyce M Black(2005) Medical Surgical Nursing Clinical Management for positive outcome,( 7th ed) St. Louis, Missouri, Sanimders. 1,955-957
[2]. Lewis et al., (2005) Medical Surgical Nursing assessment and management of clinical problems (6th ed) Philadelphia. W.B.
[3]. National cancer institute. Oral complication of chemotherapy 10th June 2009
[4]. Treister N, Sook –pin w, chemotherapy induced oral mucositis 2008.
[5]. Borabasi S et al oncology Nursing forum 2002.
[6]. WWW.cancer . Govt/ cancer topics / Pdq.
[7]. http.//e medicine d edscape. Com

Abstract: Diabetes is fast gaining the status of a potential epidemic in India with more than 62 million diabetic individuals currently diagnosed with the disease. In 2000, India (31.7 million) topped the world with the highest number of people with diabetes mellitus followed by China (20.8 million) with the United States (17.7 million) in second and third place respectively. The prevalence of diabetes is predicted to double globally from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030 with a maximum increase in India..In addition to this, the complications associated with diabetes is also in the higher rate

[1]. Sanjay Kumar Gupta, Zile Singh, Anil J Purty, M Kar, DR Vedapriya, P Mahajan, and J Cherian . Diabetes Prevalence and its Risk Factors in Rural Area of Tamil Nadu .Indian Journal of Community Medicine. July 2010; 35(3): 396–399.
[2]. Nurse Review. Endocrine problems .Springhouse Corporation Book devision.1988.Pp 90. [3]. http://www.diabetes.org
[4]. Seema Abhijeet Kaveeshwar and Jon Cornwall The current state of diabetes mellitus in India Australas Med J. 2014; 7(1): 45–48.Published online 2014 Jan31. doi: 10.4066/AMJ.2013.1979.

Abstract: Medication administration errors(MAE) can threaten patient outcomes and are a dimension of patient safety directly linked to nursing care. Children are particularly vulnerable to medication errors because of their unique physiology and developmental needs. Aims: The present study aims to examine types, stages and causes of medication errors. Barriers of medication administration errors reporting and its facilitator at pediatric University hospitals from nurses point of view. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in Pediatric intensive care units, medical, surgical and urology ward of children's university hospital at Mansoura University, intensive care units, kidney dialysis at Abouelrash pediatric hospital and general wards of Elmonaira at Cairo University Hospitals. 80 nurses were included in the study after fulfilling the criteria of selection. A structured interview questionnaire that consists of four sections was used.

[1]. Aboshaiqah,A.E. Barriers in Reporting Medication Administration Errors as Perceived by Nurses in Saudi Arabia.Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research.2013, 17 (2): pp130-136.
[2]. Alshara, M. Factors contributing to medication errors in Jordan: a nursing perspective. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res .201116:1–4.
[3]. Alsulami ,Z;Conroy ,S;Choonora , I.Medication errors in the Middle East countries:Asystematic review of the literature.Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013,69:995-1008.
[4]. Arakawa,C; Kanoya,y and Sato,C.Factors contributing to medical errors and incidents among hospital nurse- Nurses health quality of life and workplace predict medical errors and incidents.Industerial health.2011,49,381-388
[5]. Ashcroft , D; Brirtwistle, M; Cooke, J; Hingley, K; Moore, P. When do medication errors occur and who reports them?Analysis of a web-based incident reporting scheme in secondary care. The International Journal of Pharmacy Practice.2003; 11:86
[6]. Bahadori ,M,R;avangand, R; Aghli, A;Sadeghifar, J;Manshadi ,MG; and Samaeilnejad ,J. The factors affecting the refusal of reporting on medication errors from the nurses' viewpoints: A case study in a hospital in Iran. Hindawi Publishing Corporation ISRN Nursing 2013.
[7]. Balas MC, Scott LD, Rogers AE: frequency and type of errors and near errors reported by critical care nurses. Can J Nurs Res 2006, 38(2):24–41.

Abstract: A cross sectional study of 100 people with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) was performed to determine the prevalence and severity of different types of pain (musculoskeletal, neuropathic) at 6 months following SCI. In addition, we sought to determine the relationship between the presence of pain and FIM score related to the injury such as level of lesion, completeness and clinical SCI syndrome. The study demonstrates that pain after years of SCI is common problem with prevalence of 80%. It was found that 36% had only neuropathic pain, 18% had only musculoskeletal pain, while 26% people had both neuropathic and musculoskeletal pain. The minimum age was 21 years and maximum was 72 years and mean of 41 years.88% were male and 12% were female. The mean years of SCI injury was 14 years.

[1]. physical rehabilitation fifth edition author: susan B o'sullivan University of Massachusetts Lowell and Thomas j Schmitz long island university Brooklyn campus.
[2]. American academy of neurology (aan) Quality of Life Guides Lisa M. Shulman, MD Series Editor Spinal Cord Injury MICHAEL E. SELZER, MD, PHD Department of Neurology University of Pennsylvania and Office of Research and Development US Department of Veterans Affairs BRUCE H. DOBKIN, MD Department of Neurology University of California at Los Angeles and Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson.
[3]. Hand book of pain management. Author: wall and melzack.
[4]. Functional independence and health-related functional status following spinal cord injury: a prospective study of the association with physical capacity Janneke A. Haisma, MD1,2, Marcel W. Post, PhD3, Lucas H. van der Woude, PhD4,5,Henk J. Stam, MD, PhD, FRCP1, Michael P. Bergen, MD, PhD2, Tebbe A. Sluis, MD2, Hendrika J. van den Berg-Emons, PhD1 and Johannes B. Bussmann, PhD1. Submitted September 20, 2007; accepted May 29, 2008.