IOSR-JAP   Volume-11 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov. – Dec. 2019

ABSTRACT: The density of states (Dos) plays a very central role to determine how well something conducts, basically material conducts if there are many (Dos) around the equilibrium chemical potential or Fermi Level. The aim of this paper is to adopt specific model of (Dos), because most physicist assume that they have the (Dos) without discussing the (Dos) itself. This paper emphasized on discussing the (Dos) itself for the purpose to show where it comes from and how it could be modeled. The model used depends on solid state physics, the very complicated subject, where the solid is considered as a very complicated object. It is quite important to explain specifically the energy model to give the Dos and relate it to the conductivity in diffusive conductors and then compare it to the Drude formula of conductivity to connect them up. Because of the nice feature of the ballistic conductance.....

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ABSTRACT: Cadmium Oxide (CdO) and Al doped CdO semiconducting films have been fabricated onto glass substrate at temperature (330 ± 20) °C by chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique using as a source material of cadmium
acetate and aluminum chloride. The XRD study confirms that CdO and Al doped CdO thin films are polycrystalline in nature and can be indexed with cubic structure with (200) preferred orientation having lattice
parameter of 0.4678 nm. The optical study showed that the films are highly transparent, above 85% transmission for wavelengths ≥ 900nm and the value of direct band gap has been decreases with the increase of
Al doping concentration in CdO thin films and reaches a minimum of 2.43eV when doping level is 2 wt.%. The electrical conductivity increases with the increasing of doping level of Al in CdO thin films. A minimum
resistivity of 3.79×10-4Ω-cm with carrier concentration.....

Keyword: Spray pyrolysis, CdO, Solar cell, Thin films, XRD

[1]. Ramakrishna, K.T. Reddy, Shanthini G.M., Johnston D., and Miles R.W., Thin solid films,U.S.A. P: 427, 397 (2003).
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ABSTRACT: Study of noise pollution during pre-carnival, carnival and post-carnival periods in Calabar Municipality has shown that the municipality is always highly polluted with noise from vehicles, facilities of transportation, drumming, trumpeting, shouts, knock-outs, firecrackers etc, during the carnival festival. Noise levels as high as 77.4 to 102.2 dB(A) which far exceed the 60 to 65dB(A) permissible out-door level have been recorded. Average noise levels of 94.9 dB(A) in the morning, 84.0 dB(A) in the afternoon and 96.1 dB(A) in the evening were obtained during the carnival period while 80.8, 75.9 and 82.1 dB(A), 80.7, 75.7 and 82.1dB(A) were average levels for morning, afternoon and evening of pre and post carnivals respectively. The lowest noise levels were in the afternoons when.......

Keyword: Noise pollution, carnival, noise levels, health hazard, hearing loss.

[1]. Aniefiok OA, Efiong OO, Ubon EA (2012). Aircraft noise and the quality of life of community residents around Port-Harcourt international airport, South-South Nigeria, J. environment and earth sciences, 2(5): 8-12. Calabar carnival.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/calabar)
[2]. Chien MK, Shih LH (2007). An imperical study of the implementation of green supply chain management practices in the electrical and electronics industry and their relation to organisational performances. Int'l J. environment, science and technology, 4(2): 383-394.
[3]. Concha-Barrientos M., Campbell-Lendrum D, Steenland K. (2004). Occupational noise, assessing the burden of decease from work related hearing impairment at national and local levels. Environmental burden disease series, no 9.World Health protection of the human environment, Geneva 1.
[4]. Dev. P., Singh V. (2011). Environmental noise pollution monitoring and impacts on human health in Dehradun city, Uttarakhand, India. Civil and environmental research, 1(1)
[5]. Dhembare AJ. Gholap AB (2011). Assessment of noise level during pre-diwali, Diwali and post- Diwali weeks in Sangamner city, Maharashtra.Indian steam J. 1(4)..

ABSTRACT: A three main types of measurements were performed in order to get a complete assignment for radioactivity impacts for the studied area,i) A ground gamma-ray spectrometric survey has been performed using a portable gamma-ray spectrometer model Rs-230., The gamma-ray spectrometric maps acquired indicate various concentrations of radioactivity over the studied area, which reflects a contrasting radioelement contents for the exposed rock. ii) The activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides in the area under investigation, were determined using high pure germanium detector (HPGe) with a specially designed shield, in order to assess the radiological health hazards.Absorbed dose rate (D), radium equivalent (Raeq), external hazard index (Hex), annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), representative level index (Iγ), excess lifetime cancer risks (ELCR) and annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE) are calculated.The results were compared with the international recommended.......

Key words: Granitic Gneisses/ Natural radioactivity/ Activity ratios/ Annual gonadal dose equivalent/ Excess life cancer risk.

[1]. Rashed, M. A. (2005). "Geologic studies on a new occurrence of nuclear materials in Abu Rusheid area, south Eastern Desert, Egypt". Ph. D. Thesis, Faculty of Science at Demiatta Mansoura University.
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ABSTRACT: This paper gives an accurate atomic quantity calculation method and the periodic law of elements.

Keyword: Atomic quantity; element; calculation method

[1]. Adams, M. T., Moore, G., Crawford, B., Refaee, M. and Sharples, S. (2006): Sustainable sounds capes: noise policy and the urban experience, Urban studies, 43(13): 2385-2398.
[2]. Aniefiok O. A., Efiong O. O. and Ubon E. A. (2012): Aircraft noise and the quality of life of community residents around Port-Harcourt international airport, South-South Nigeria. Journal of environment and earth sciences, vol. 2, no. 5, 8-12.
[3]. Aniefiok O. A., Ubon E. A., & Augustine A. U. (2013): Study of noise pollution during pre-carnival, carnival and post-carnival festivals in Calabar Municipality, Calabar, Cross River State, South-South Nigeria. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Physics and Space Science. Vol. 13, issue1 version 1.0.
[4]. Debnath, D., Nath. S. K. and Borthakur, N. K. (2012): Analysis of heavy vehicular noise pollution in Nagaon District of Assam, India. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, vol. 2, issue 7, 2012.
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ABSTRACT: In his paper zinc oxide Nonocomposites thin films were deposited on ITO glass substrate. Ten samples of zinc oxide were prepared by sol-gel method/thin films at different concentrations 0.1 ,0.2 ,0.3 ,0.4 ,0.5 ,0.6 ,0.7 ,0.8 ,0.9 and 1.0 molar of zinc acetate. The nanostructures/ films were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transformer Infrared (FTIR. The UV-VIS spectrum was used to calculate the optical and electrical conductivity. The results of XRD show the effect of zinc acetate concentration on the d- spacing for as-synthesized samples Zinc Oxide (ZnO) , which indicate that the d-spacig increases when increasing the molar concentration with rate of 0.026 oA .mol-1. Moreover the crystalline size increases with decreasing the ZnO concentration by rate 156.28 nm.mlo-1. The FTIR rsulted that the mean band around 1340 𝑐𝑚−1 is associated with the O-H bending vibration. The results results confirmed that low electrical condictivity match the high concentration zinc acetate nanostructured ZnO / ITO.

Keyword: ITO glass substrate, XRD technique, optical conductivity, FTIR

[1]. U. Ozgur, Ya I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M.A. Reshchikov, S. Dog˘an, V. Avrutin, S.-J.Cho, H. Morkoc, A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices, J. Appl.Phys. 98 (2005) 041301.
[2]. J. Yu, X. Yu, Hydrothermal synthesis and photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide hollow spheres, Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 (2008) 4902–4907.
[3]. O. Seven, B. Dindar, S. Aydemir, D. Metin, M.A. Ozinel, S. Icli, Solar photocatalytic disinfection of a group of bacteria and fungi aqueous suspensions with TiO2, ZnO and Sahara desert dust, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem. 165 (2004) 103–107.
[4]. O. Yamamoto, Influence of particle size on the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide, Int. J. Inorg. Mater. 3 (2001) 643–646.
[5]. R. Brayner, R. Ferrari-Illiou, N. Briviois, S. Djediat, M.F. Benedetti, F. Fievet, Toxicological impact studies based on Escherichia coli bacteria in ultrafine ZnO nanoparticles colloidal medium, Nano Lett. 6 (2006) 866–870.

ABSTRACT: Based on density functional theory (DFT), the crystal, electronic, magnetic and optical structures of two tungstate double-perovskite oxidesBa2MWO6 (M = Ni, Zn) have been explored by employing the local spin
density (LSDA) and generalized gradient (GGA) approximations. Two Ba2MWO6compounds crystallize in a cubic structure (space group Fm3m) with 1:1 rock-salt arrangement. Total and partial density of states (DOS)
show that Ba2MWO6 are semiconductors with energy-gaps in two spins channels. The magnetic calculations reveal that Ba2MWO6 behave as antiferromagnetic materials arises from the long-range exchange coupling
M2+-3dn ↑–O2--2p6–W6+-5d0 ↓. Also, the real and imaginary parts, optical conductivity and electron energy-loss function have been calculated, analyzed and compared with the DOSs results.

Keyword: Double perovskites; Antiferromagnetic; Optical structures; DFT; LSDA (GGA).

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ABSTRACT: (Dated: November 10, 2019) The exchange stiffness constant Aex was linearly propositional to the difference of spin wave resonance field HSWR and ferromagnetic resonance field HFMR. In this work, we measured the HSWR and HFMR with in-plane angles in order to analyze the angular dependence of Aex in NiFethin film with thickness of 100 nm. The Aex of NiFe thin film was shown isotropic behavior notdepending on the in-plane angles. The measured value of Aex was 10.9×10−7erg/cm and its value should be applied to the spin wave devices......

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ABSTRACT: The utilization and prolonged working of two gamma spectrometry (GS1 and GS2) in nuclear laboratories, UTM, causing one to questioning its performance. To achievethe higher quality outcomes of gamma spectrometry system. Itsperformance specifications should verify against the warranted values offered by the manufacturer. High purity germanium (HPGe) detectors is the most distinguished radiation measurement instrument that produced excellent energy resolution. The aims of this studyis to determine the working condition and compare the performances of two gamma spectrometry systems. The GS1 consist of n-type closed end coaxial HPGe detector GC 2018 model and GS2 consist of p-type closed end coaxial HPGe detector of GEM25-76-LB-C model. The test performance specifications such as resolution, peak shapes, peak-to-Compton ratio, figure of merit, and dead time for both spectrometry systems are measured using American ANSI/IEEE 325-1996 standard procedure.Four (4)...

Keyword: HPGe detectors; resolution, peak shape, peak-to-Compton ratio, relative efficiency, dead time

[1]. Fourches, N.Z. and Magdalena, and C. Gabriel, "High Purity Germanium: From Gamma-Ray Detection to Dark Matter Subterranean Detectors," Intech Open Sci., 2016., 1: 1–13,
[2]. Eftekhari Zadeh, E.S., A. H. Feghhi., E. Bayat, and G. H. Roshani, "Gaussian Energy Broadening Function of an HPGe Detector in the Range of 40 keV to 1.46 MeV," Journal. Experimental Physics.,2014: 1–4,.
[3]. Alnour, I. A., H. Wagiran., N. Ibrahim., S. Hamzah., W. B. Siong, and M. S. Elias, "New approach for calibration the efficiency of HpGe detectors New Approach For Calibration The Efficiency Of HpGe Detectors," vol. 38, no. February 2015: 38–44.
[4]. Islam, M. N., H. Akhter, M. Begum, Y. Mawla, and M. Kamal, "Study of a Laboratory-based Gamma Spectrometry for Food and Environmental Samples," International Jounal Advance.Engineering Management Science. 2018., 4(1): 2454–1311,.
[5]. Krneta NikolićJ.,J. Rajacic., M. Toodorovic., M. Sarap., N.pantelic and G. Vokanacet al., "Semiempirical Efficiency Calibration in Semiconductor HPGe Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy," Journal of Spectroscopy., vol. 2018: 1–8

ABSTRACT: We find the equation for a rotating system of reference as is the electron and a centrifugal plus a Coriolis force

[1]. Regarding the total time derivative of the radius, SpirosKoutandos, IOSR, JAP,vol10, issue 6, version 1
[2]. A newly proposed model for the electron. SpirosKoutandos, IOSR , JAP, vol 10, issue 4 , ver II
[3]. Rewriting the master equation, SpirosKoutandos, IOSR , JAP, vol 11, issue 3, ver 2