IOSR-JAP   Volume-11 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov. – Dec. 2019

ABSTRACT: The structural and electrical properties of ceramics Sm1.5Sr0.5NiO4 with Cr doped in Ni site are evaluated over wide ranges of temperature (303K – 473K) and frequency (50 Hz – 5 MHz) values. The polycrystalline samples of Sm1.5Sr0.5Ni1-xCrxO4 ceramics (x=0.0, 0.075, 0.1) are prepared through the standard solid state reaction method. The refinement of the X-ray diffraction data using the Rietveld method confirmed a single phase compound with orthorhombic structure. Dielectric studies show frequency independent high dielectric constant values (104) up to MHz region and considerable reduction in dielectric loss with increase in frequency. Similar results of dielectric constant are observed with increase in temperature with thermal stability around 303 – 380 K. The impedance spectrum analysis indicates that the colossal dielectric values are contributed by the more resistive grain boundaries..

Keywords: Solid state reaction; Sintering; Grain boundaries; Dielectric properties; Impedance

[1]. Subramanian M A, Li D, Duan N, Retsner BA, Sleight AW (2000) High dielectric constant in ACu3Ti4O12 and ACu3Ti3FeO12 phases. J. Solid State Chem. 151: 323- 325.
[2]. Wang Z, Chen XM, N L, Liu XQ (2007) Dielectric abnormities of complex perovskite Ba(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 ceramics over broad temperature and frequency range. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90: 022904.
[3]. Khumpaitool B, Khemprasit J (2011) Improvement in dielectric properties of Al2O3doped Li0.30Cr0.02Ni0.68O ceramics. Materials Lett. 65: 1053- 1056.
[4]. Li J, Sleight AW, Subramanian MA(2005) Evidence for internal resistive barriers in a crystal of the giant dielectric constant material: CaCu3Ti4O12. Solid State Comm. 135: 260- 262.
[5]. Ni L, Chen XM (2009) Enhanced giant dielectric response in Mg-substituted CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics. Solid State Comm. 149: 379- 383..

ABSTRACT: In this paper, we study voltages equations in stator windings for longitudinal and transversal rotor symmetry d,q axis, the conditions of electromagnetic torque appearance, and also is given an evaluation of energetic efficiency for reactive electromotor functioning. We assume that along all the reactive electromotor windings, the currents circulating have a continuous character.

Keywords: Dynamic Model; Reactive Electromotor; Full Phase Regime

[1]. Vassilyev SN, Zherlov AK, Fedosov EA, Fedunov BE. Intelligent control of dynamical systems. M.: Fizmatlit; 2000. 352 p.
[2]. Russell SJ, Norvig P. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1995.
[3]. Pupkov KA. Some results of development of scientific-technical program "Intellectual systems" of FKP "Universities of Russia" // Proceedings of the 2 International. Symp. "Intellectual systems" (INTELS'96). 1996; 1:5-9.
[4]. Vassilyev SN, Yadykin IB, MorginYuI., Voropai NI, Efimov DN. Intelligent operating and emergency control technologies in Russia CD Proceedings of the 2th IEEE PES International conference and Exhibition on «Innovative Smart Grid Technologies – Europe» (ISGT 2011 Europe, Manchester). Manchester: University of Manchester, 2011. p. 1-7.
[5]. Berdnikov RN, Bushuev VV, Vassilyev SN, etc. The concept of intellectual power system of Russia with actively adaptive network. Ed. by V. E. Fortov, A. A. Makarov. M.: JSC "FGC UES"; 2012. 235 p..

ABSTRACT: This study aims to examine the mobility of uranium and its isotopes and daughters during the acid leaching. . This illustrates the transmission of radionuclide's from solid material (ore) to the liquid phase (leachate). In the same context the study of the daughter / parent ratios in the three phases, original sample, leach liquor and residue will gave a complete picture about the behavior of these radionuclides during weathering and alterations of uranium-bearing rocks. Three samples of different sedimentary rock types from Farsh El Azraq area in southwestern Sinai were collected and prepared for various analyses. Wet chemical analyses were carried out for major oxides and trace elements. Natural radionuclides were measured by HPGe detector in original samples, pregnant solution and residuals.......

Keywords: Radionuclides, Farsh El Azraq, HPGe detector, Sedimentary rock, Leaching.

[1]. Anjos, R.M.; Veiga, R.; Soares, T.; Santos, A.M.A.; Aguiar J.G.; Frascá, M.H.B.O.; Brage, J.A.P.; Uzêda, D.; Mangia, L.; Facure, A.; Mosquera, B.; Carvalho, C. and Gomes, P.R.S., (2005): " Natural Radionuclide Distribution in Brazilian Commercial Granites", Radiation Measurements, V.39, PP.245-253.
[2]. E.S. Abd El-Halim, A. Sroor, S.M. El-Bahi, Ibrahim E. El-Aassy, Enass M. El Sheikh and K.M. Musa,(2017) "Factors Controlling Radionuclides Migration within Different Media." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) , vol. 9, no. 6, 2017, pp. 34-41.
[3]. El Aassy I.E, Botros N.H, Abdel Razik A, Sherif H, Al Moafy A, Aita S, El Terb R and Al Shami A.S., (1986): "Report on the Prospection and Proving of Some Radioactive Occurrences in West Central Sinai, Egypt", Internal Report, Nuclear Materials Authority, Cairo.
[4]. El Aassy IE, Ahmed FY, Afifi SY, El Shamy AS (1999): "Uranium in laterites, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt". In: First seminar on nuclear raw materials and their technology, Cairo, Egypt, 1–3 Nov 1999, pp 1–20
[5]. El-Bahi S.M , Sroor A, GehanY,Mohamed and El-Gendy N.S (2017): "Radiological impact of natural radioactivity in Egyptian phosphate rocks, phosphogypsum and phosphate fertilizers" Applied Radiation and Isotopes 123, 121-127..

ABSTRACT: We analyzed MnIr thickness dependence of exchange bias fields (Hex) and rotatable anisotropy fields (Hra) by the ferromagnetic resonance method in 300 ◦C annealed CoFe/MnIr(tAF) bilayers. The critical thickness of MnIr was tc = 3.0 nm, the Hex as well as Hra was appeared at tAF> tc. It was due to the grain size distribution of the MnIr. The Hex was induced by fixed AF spins of MnIr grains thicker than tc, while Hra was induced by rotatable AF spins of MnIr grains thinner than tc. The exchange coupling field Hec = Hra + Hex did not depend on the MnIr thickness at tAF> tc, therefore......

[1] T. Sato, M. Tsunoda and M. Takahashi, J. Appl. Phys. 95, 7513 (2004).
[2]. M. Tsunoda, Y. Tsuchiya, T. Hashimoto, and M. Takahashi, J. Appl. Phys. 87, 4375 (2000).
[3]. D. Y. Kim and S. S. Yoon, J. Korean Magn. Soc. 24, 140 (2014).
[4]. R. D. McMichael, M. D. Stiles, P. J. Chen, and W. F. Egelhoff, Phys, Rev. B 58, 8605 (1998).
[5]. J. Geshev, L. G. Pereira, and J. E. Schmidt, Phys, Rev. B 66, 134432 (2002).

ABSTRACT: This research work is meant to investigate the acceleration due to gravity "g" using the simple pendulum method in four difference locations in Katagum Local Government Area of Bauchi State. The locations are; Rafin Tambari, Garin Arab, College of Education Azare and Township Stadium Azare. The results showed that the value of acceleration due to gravity "g" is not constant; it varies from place to place. Best on the results findings, it showed that the Rafin Tambari has the highest value of acceleration due to gravity which is (10.2 m/s2). In difference location that I used to and Garin Arab has the lowest value of acceleration due to gravity which is (9.73m/s2). The various results that I have found, reveals that the average value of acceleration due to gravity for Azare area of Katagum Local Government is 9.95m/s2 which approximately equal to the accepted value of 10.0m/s2.

[1]. Galileo, (1642). Essential Principle of Physics. Enic Education Construction and Publishers Revised Edition 18-374
[2]. Gunstone, R.F. (1995). Understanding of Gravity Journal at http:www.gravityunderstanding Retrieved20/07/
[3]. Caliendo, S.M. (1996). Establishing the theoretical frame. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 33 (3), 225-227.
[4]. Cavagna, G.A and Ferguson, R.L (1975). Force platforms as ergonometers. Journal of apply physiology. 39, 174-179.
[5]. Talwani, M, Ewig, (1960), Rapid Computation of Gravitational Attraction of Three Dimensional Bodies of Arbitrary Shape, Geophysics..

ABSTRACT: Sodium lauryl sulphate was successfully employed as a capping agent in the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Solvothermal technique was used to synthesize the ZnO nanoparticles. The technique involved the thermal decomposition of Zinc acetate dehydrate in diethylene glycol containing sodium lauryl sulphate used for capping. Raman spectroscopy revealed that the ZnO nanoparticles produced has wurtzite hexagonal structure with good crystallinity and stability. The Z-average diameter and polydispersity index (PdI) obtained with cumulants fit error of 0.00281 indicate that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were of good size quality and monodisperse. The size distribution by volume specified that ZnO nanoparticles dominant in the sample were 722.3nm in diameter and occupied 68.5% of the entire volume. In size distribution by intensity, the prominent particles were 523.1nm in diameter with 66.3% of the total volume. Based on the results, sodium lauryl sulphate is a good capping material for solvothermal synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles

[1]. Bekkari, R., Laânab, L.,Boyer, D., Mahiou,R., and Jaber, B. (2017). Influence of the sol gel synthesis parameters on the photoluminescence properties of ZnO nanoparticles. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 71, 181–187.
[2]. Bekkari, R., Jaber, B., Labrim,H., Ouafi, M., Zayyoun, N. and Laânab, L. (2019). Effect of Solvents and Stabilizer Molar Ratio on the Growth Orientation of Sol-Gel-Derived ZnO Thin Films, International Journal of Photoenergy, 1-7.
[3]. Bhunia, A. K., Jha, P. K., Rout, D. and Saha, S. (2016). Morphological Properties and Raman Spectroscopy of ZnO Nanorods. Journal of Physical Sciences, 21, 111-118
[4]. Bondi, C. A. M., Marks, J. L., Wroblewski, L. B., Raatikainen, H. S., Lenox, S. R. and Gebhardt, K. E. (2015). Human and Environmental Toxicity of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS): Evidence for Safe Use in Household Cleaning Products. Environmental Health Insights 2015:9 27–32. doi: 10.4137/EHI.S31765.
[5]. Dakhlaoui, A., Jendoubi, M., Smiri, L.S., Kanaev, A. and Jouini, N. (2009) Synthesis, Characterization and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles with Controlled Size and Morphology. Journal of Crystal Growth, 311, 3989-3996. DOI.10.1155/2019/3164043

ABSTRACT: Driving a car was new to me this summer. It was an exciting experience, one which I had sought for a long time. When driving, I always felt that I was in control. This was until I drove through sand. One day as I was cruising in the car, the wheels got stuck into the deep sand. Pressing on the gas pedal seemed to not make much of a difference, as the tires did not force the vehicle forward. "God! Imagine how exhausting this much be for the car engine," I told myself and continued to wonder. I finally got the car out by forcing it through by going at higher and higher speeds. Now ever since I took physics class last year, I became interestingly attached to mechanical work and electricity. I was always interested in rotational motion, power, voltages, current and all these concepts. So I thought to myself, how......

[1]. Collins, Danielle. "Voltage and DC Motor Speed." Motion Control Tips, 6 Dec. 2015,
[2]. www.motioncontroltips.com/faq-whats-relationship-voltage-dc-motor-output-speed/.
[3]. "DC Electric Power." Total Internal Reflection,
[4]. hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/elepow.html.
[5]. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/elepow.html

ABSTRACT: Standard Model is a group of subatomic particles derived from a mathematical model based on quantum field theory and Yang Mills Theory. In contrast, Wu's Pairs, a physical model are proposed as the building blocks of all subatomic particles based on the Yangton and Yington Theory. Since Higgs Bosons can be considered as the carriers of string force that are generated by Wu's Pairs, therefore the magnitude of the barrier caused by the string force carried by Higgs Bosons is proportional to the amount of Wu's Pairs. In other words, the mass of a particle is proportional to the amount of Higgs Bosons as that of Wu's Pairs. This concurs with that the mass is the total amount of Wu's Pairs based on Yangton and Yington Theory. When two string structures come together, they can attract to each other either end to end or side by side. These attractive only forces are known as "Gravitational Force" and the string structures that produce the gravitational force are called "Gravitons".

Keywords: Standard Model, Quantum Field Theory, Wu's Pairs, Yangton and Yington, String Theory, Unified Field Theory, Graviton, Quantum Gravity, Higgs Boson, Particle Radiation.

[1]. "Subatomic Particle" Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2008-06-29.
[2]. R. Oerter (2006). The Theory of Almost Everything: The Standard Model, the Unsung Triumph of Modern Physics (Kindle ed.). Penguin Group. p. 2. ISBN 0-13-236678-9.
[3]. Edward T. H. Wu, "Yangton and Yington–A Hypothetical Theory of Everything", Science Journal of Physics, Volume 2015, Article ID sjp-242, 6 Pages, 2015, doi: 10.7237/sjp/242.
[4]. Edward T. H. Wu. "Subatomic Particle Structures and Unified Field Theory Based on Yangton and Yington Hypothetical Theory". American Journal of Modern Physics. Vol. 4, No. 4, 2015, pp. 165-171. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp. 20150404.13.
[5]. Polchinski, Joseph (1998). String Theory, Cambridge University Press ISBN 0521672295..

ABSTRACT: We find a thermal current and explain the London equations The reader may refer to some previous work of the author. In the article published in this journal called "Solving
the alpha omega equation" we had found an equation transforming the coordinates to a rotating system of reference. A straightforward expansion of the total time derivative of the velocity may convince the reader that
there actually exists a Coriolis force. Also we should give the correct equation since we had forgotten a psi term:

[1]. Regarding the total time derivative of the radius,SpirosKoutandos IOSR, JAP,vol 10, issue 6, version 1
[2]. A newly proposed model for the electron, SpirosKoutandosIOSR, JAP, volume 10, issue 4, version II
[3]. Rewriting the master equation ,SpirosKoutandos,IOSR ,JAP, vol 11, issue 3, version 2
[4]. Solving the Alpha Omega equation, SpirosKoutandos, volume 11, issue 6, ser.1

ABSTRACT: When a light source is accelerating towards the center of a black hole, because of the Photon Inertia Transformation, the emitted photon compiles two competing speeds in opposite directions: (1) outward Absolute Light Speed and (2) inward Inertia Light Speed. As a result, Event Horizon is the place where photon is in idle with zero net speed. Inside the Event Horizon, photon moves further down to the center of the black hole and it can never escape. Black Hole is generated by a massive gravitational force. Since Wu's Pair expands with gravitational force such that a hollow structure can be formed inside the Black Hole. At the center of the Black Hole, a singularity is formed where the circulation of Wu's Pairs are broken down such that Yangton and Yington could recombine and destroy each other to become None. Black Hole is the grave yard of all matter.

Keywords: Wu's Pairs, Yangton and Yington, Photon Inertia Transformation, Absolute Light Speed, Inertia Light Speed, Light Speed Equation, Black Hole, Event Horizon, Aging of the Universe.

[1]. Edward T. H. Wu. "Vision of Object, Vision of Light, Photon Inertia Transformation and Their Effects on Light Speed and Special Relativity." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), vol. 9, no. 5, 2017, pp. 49–54.
[2]. Wald, R. M. (1997). "Gravitational Collapse and Cosmic Censorship". In Iyer, B. R.; Bhawal, B. (eds.). Black Holes, Gravitational Radiation and the Universe. Springer. pp. 69–86.
[3]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_horizon [4]. Edward T. H. Wu, "Yangton and Yington–A Hypothetical Theory of Everything", Science Journal of Physics, Volume 2015, Article ID sjp-242, 6 Pages, 2015, doi: 10.7237/sjp/242.
[5]. Edward T. H. Wu. "Time, Space, Gravity and Spacetime Based on Yangton & Yington Theory, and Spacetime Shrinkage Versus Universe Expansion". American Journal of Modern Physics. Vol. 5, No. 4, 2016, pp. 58-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20160504.13.
[6]. Claes Uggla (2006). "Spacetime Singularities". Einstein Online. 2 (1002).

ABSTRACT: The Potential Energy plays it important essential part in our life and wild animals bestowing all the power of soul with strong wherein the trees & plants ; and the so called nonliving beings like the medicines. Bricks stone, steal, metals, materials and buildings also built from them expire at a certain time. If we accept their life evergreen then they would have been not been exhausted, but since long ago due to their consumption regularly they are existing indicating the truth, that the co called non living beings are also having their life with strength..

Keywords: Energy, heat, velocity, kinetic, potential.

....

ABSTRACT: The present study aims to evaluation of the natural radioactivity of Abu Dabbaband Nuwibialbite granite, in theCentral Eastern Desert, Egyptusing GR-320 portable spectrometer and HPGe laboratory spectrometer. These two areas are enriched withrare metal Sn–Nb–Ta. The high technology and environmental applications of rare metals have grown dramatically.Tantalum is an important metal for the manufacture of tantalum capacitors utilized in mobile phones, laptop computers, digital cameras, as well as automotive and medical electronic equipment. Therefore, the environmental assessment of these two areas is very important. On the basis of ground spectrometric measurements of K, eU and eTh contents showmaxima (4.9%, 22 ppm and 40 ppm) respectively in Abu Dabab area, and (5.4%, 16 ppm and 39 ppm) respectively in Nuwibi area. The natural radioactivity levels have been determined by HPGe gamma ray spectroscopy for the collected albite granite samples. The activity concentrations are estimated.....

Key words: Natural radioactivity, albite granite, HPGe detector,spectrometric, measurements

[1]. Abdalla, H.M., Helba, H. A. and Mohamed, F.H. (1998): Chemistry of columbite-tantalite minerals in rare metal granitoids, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Mineral Mag. V. 62, N. 6,pp. 821–836.
[2]. Abdelhalim E.S., WalleyEldine N, El-Bahi S.M., Elassy I.E, ElsheikhE.M., Alabrdi A.M. (2017): Excessive lifetime cancer risk and natural radioactivity measurements of granite and sedimentary rocks. ISSN 1818-331X, T.18No 4.
[3]. Abdel Meguid A.A.,Cuney M., Ibrahim T.M., Ali K.G. and Gaafar I.M. (2003): New Application of the Systematic Gamma-Ray Spectrometric Measurements. The International Conference of the Geology of Africa, Dec 7-9, 2003. Assiut University-Egypt, V. 1, pp. 873-878.
[4]. Abdel-Razek Y.A. and Mahmoud A.M. (2015): Geology, Spectrometry and Evaluation of the Radiation Exposures at El Gidami- El Garra Area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt. Nuclear Sciences Scientific Journal, Vol. 4, p 21-36.
[5]. Ali Abu-Deif A., Abouelnaga H.S., and Hassanein I.E. (2007): Radioelements and Uranium Migration in Granites, El-Missikate Tunnels, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt. Earth Sci., Vol.18, pp:89-115.

ABSTRACT: It has been discovered that jets above thunderclouds are the unusual and large-scale transient luminous electrical discharges events. A magnetic reconnection model is developed to explain the driven mechanism of jets above thunderclouds. Based on this model the basic properties of the blue jets, such as lifetime and velocity, are obtained. They are consistent with the observations. It indicates that the formation of jets above thunderclouds is probably driven by the magnetic reconnection.

Keywords: Jets; Magnetic reconnection; Lightning; Thunderclouds PACS: 92.60.Pw; 52.30.Cv; 91.10.Vr; 52.80.Mg

[1]. Pasko V P and George J J 2002 J. Geophys. Res. 107 1458
[2]. Wescott E M, Sentman D, Osborne D, Hampton D and Heavner M 1995 Geophys. Res. Lett. 22 1209
[3]. Wescott E M, Sentman D D, Heavner M J, Hampton D L, Osborne D L and Vaughan Jr O H 1996 Geophys. Res. Lett. 23 2153
[4]. Su H T, Hsu R R, Chen A B, Wang Y C, Hsiao W S, Lai W C, Lee L C, Sato M and Fukunishi H 2003 Nature 423 974
[5]. Van der Velde O A, Lyons W A, Nelson T E, Cummer S A, Li J and Bunnell J 2007 J. Geophys. Res. 112 D2010
[6]. Kuo C -L, Chou J K, Tsai L Y, Chen A B, Su H T, Hsu R R, Cummer S A, Frey H U, Mende S B, Takahashi Y and Lee L C 2009 J.
Geophys. Res. 114 A04314