IOSR-JAP   Volume-12 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar. – Apr. 2020

ABSTRACT: Noise has been usually considered to be a hindrance for quite some time. However, in the last two decades of the last century, its beneficial aspects have been rigorously studied. In this paper I have presented a special form of noise – thermal noise. The dynamics of a Brownian particle suspended in a heat bath (which acts as a source of thermal noise) at some temperature is considered. Under equilibrium conditions, the observance of directed transport or the so called ratchet effect is excluded. However, in a non-equilibrium situation, the Brownian particle exhibits ratchet effect if the medium in which it undergoes motion offers asymmetry. As a result of this, various forms......

Keywords: Brownian motion, noise, non-equilibrium process, ratchet effect, periodic potential, symmetry breaking, inhomogeneous frictional ratchets, and molecular motors.

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ABSTRACT: Age dating of plutonium (Pu), i.e. determination of the elapsed time since the last chemical purification of the material, is one of characteristics or signatures important to deduce the history of Pu-material in nuclear safeguards and forensics applications. This work describes a method to determine the age of some Pu-bearing samples using non–destructive gamma spectrometry. The presented method is relatively fast in comparison with destructive methods, does not require any reference materials, and could be applied to measure Pu-material in any physical and chemical forms. The Pu age is estimated from the 241Am/241Pu activity ratio. The 241Am and 241Pu activities are measured using the In Situ Object Counting System (ISOCS). The determined ages are compared to those obtained using the "Multi-Group Analysis (MGA)" Code. A maximum deviation of about 11% between the two methods is found for the investigated samples. The estimated Pu purification age of the samples is of an average value of51.914±0.02% years.

Keywords: Age dating, Plutonium, Nuclear safeguards, Nuclear forensics.

[1]. International Atomic Energy Agency, Nuclear forensics support, Nuclear Security Series No. 2, IAEA, Vienna (2006).
[2]. Jon M. Schwantes, Oliva Marsden, Kristi L. Pellegrini, State of practice and emerging application of analytical techniques of nuclear forensic analysis: highlights from the 4th Collaborative Materials Exercise of the Nuclear Forensics International Technical Working Group (ITWG), J RadioanalNuclChem (2017), 311, 1441–1452.
[3]. K. Mayer, M. Wallenius, Z. Varga, Nuclear forensic science: correlating measurable material parameters to the history of nuclear material. Chem Rev 113:884–900 (2013).
[4]. Z.Varga et al., Plutonium age dating (production date measurement) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, J. RadioanalNuclChem (2016), 307:1919–1926
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ABSTRACT: The paper is connected with searches for the Ramond-Ramond charge of D branes in the presence of B field. The consideration of B field inclusion is an important physical and mathematical unsolved problem,
which is connected with K group calculations of twisted bundles. Considered two cases of vector bundles, Azumaya and Rosenberg algebras and analyzed their K group realization..

Keywords: D branes; B field; Azumaya and Rosenberg algebras; twisted bundles; Ramond-Ramond charge.

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[4]. E. Witten, ―D-branes and k-theory,‖ Journal of High Energy Physics, vol. 1998, pp. 019–019, dec 1998.
[5]. R. Minasian and G. Moore, ―K-theory and ramond-ramond charge,‖ Journal of High Energy Physics, vol. 1997, pp. 002–002, nov 1997.

ABSTRACT: Here, we have investigated the organic-inorganic CH3NH3PbI3(MAPbI3) thin films.We performed the x-ray diffraction, SEM and AFM, to control the Crystallinity, Thickness, Transmittance and Absorption of the thin films. Then the photoluminescence was studied to know the band gap of the material. The simulation was carried out on the cell formed of organic-inorganic perovskite MAPbI3 thin film as absorber layer with different hole transporter layer ,expensive Spiroometador cheaperFDT,ZnO as electron transporter material (ETM). The comparison performance was made between the cell with spiroometad and the cell with FDT.The spiroometad and FDT cells displayed a similar efficiency of 23.4% after simulation.....

Keywords: MAPbI3, XRD, simulation, HTM, spiroometad, FDT, efficiency.

[1]. A. Kojima, K. Teshima, Y. Shirai and T. Miyasaka, J. Am. Chem.Soc., 2009, 131, 6050 6055.Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cellsdoi: 10.1021/ja809598r.
[2]. https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/pdfs/best-research-cellefficiencies.20190802.pdf
[3]. Suneth C. Watthage in PerovskitePhotovoltaics, 2018"Evolution of Perovskite Solar Cells‟https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812915-9.00003-4
[4]. Popov, V. A. The Akhmatov Mine in the South Urals: Notes on Mineralogy.Mineral. Alm. 2012, 17, 8.
[5]. B. Cai, Y. Xing, Z. Yang, W.-H. Zhang and J. Qiu, EnergyEnviron. Sci., 2013, 6, 1480–1485.

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the effect of doping concentration on the Thickness Electricaland Optical properties of undoped and Indium doped Zinc oxide thin film, fabricated by Chemical spray pyrolysis technique. The doping was done at 1 wt. %, 2 wt. %, 3 wt. % and 4 wt. %. The film thickness decreases with increase in doping concentration of the In doped ZnO. The absorption coefficient and the extinction coefficient increase with increase in doping concentration to an optimum of 4 wt. %.

Key Words: Thickness, Optical, Electrical, Indium, Zinc Oxide

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[3]. Young-Hui, K., Ju-won., L., Won-Kook., C., Sung-Ryong K. (2014). Ultrasonic Sprayed Ag Nanowire for the preparation of Flexible Transparent Conducting Film. Chemical Society of Japan, 45, 23, 75-85.
[4]. Salehi., H., Aryodoust., M., and Forbod, M. (2010). Electronic and structural properties of Tin IV Oxide. Journal of science and technological, 34, 2, 45-50.
[5]. Rozati., S.M., and Shadmani, E. (2017). Effect of Zn Concentration on Physical Properties of Nano Structure Tin Oxide Film. Chemical Society of Japan, 48, 3, 553-559

ABSTRACT: This paper is all about golden ratio Phi....

[1]. Nafish Sarwar Islam, "Mathematical Sanctity of the Golden Ratio"; IOSR Journal of Mathematics (IOSR-JM), e-ISSN: 2278-5728, p-ISSN:2319-765X. Volume 15, Issue 5 Ser. II (September – October 2019), PP 57-65.
[2]. Nafish Sarwar Islam, "The Golden Ratio : Fundamental Constant of Nature"; Publication date 04 Nov 2019 Publisher LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN10 6139889618, ISBN13 9786139889617

ABSTRACT: An experiment to simulate radioactive decay could be easily performed with a set of 120 dices and random-number generator in the laboratory environment. The nuclei are imagined to be indexed (1 to 6 and 1 to 120) to demonstrate the role of decay constant. The appearance of the index number of particular nuclei is interpreted as a signal that these have disintegrated. The number of surviving nuclei is an exponential function of the number of draws, and represents the radioactive decay law, with small fluctuations. This procedure is a precise realization of the conventional probabilistic derivation of the radioactive decay law. The same problem is also modeled and simulated using concepts of Spreadsheets, VBA and random numbers to enhance the understanding of students.

[1]. Hughes E.A. & Zalts, A. Radioactivity in the Classroom, Journal of Chemical Education, 77, 613-614 (2000).
[2]. Klein, L. & Kagan, D. "Radio-Active" Learning: Visual Representation of Radioactive Decay Using Dice, The Physics Teacher, 48, 45 (2010).
[3]. Jesse, K.E., Computer Simulation of Radioactive Decay, The Physics Teacher, 41, 542-543 (2003).