IOSR-JAP   Volume-15 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar. – Apr. 2023

ABSTRACT: In the case of a three-zone aperture, using Co sinusoidal, Gaussian, and Hanning filters and phase filters, a few energy-based corollaries of the point spread function with a complex pupil function for diffraction limited and defocused optical system have been theoretically investigated. In terms of amplitude filters in a suitable combination with phase filters in the second and third zone, credit provinces such as the encircled energy factor, and zonal energy increment, were examined with respect to three-zone filters. By using Hanning Gaussian, Co-sinusoidal amplitude filters, and phase filters at the second, outer zones effectively suppress first and second order side lobes of the PSF. The resolution of the optical system has been improved by using complex pupil function, which is applicable in imaging and focussing applications.

Keywords: Point spread function, complex pupil functions, Encircled energy, excluded encircled energy, zonal energy increment resolution

[1]. A. NARESH KUMAR REDDY, M. KESHAVULU GOUD AND S. LACHA GOUD International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (IJTAP) ISSN: 2250-0634, Vol.1, No. I (November 2011), pp. 109-126
[2]. Ghada S. Karam*, Ziad M. Abood, Qusy khaled, Khaled Abd Alwahab Mustansiriyah University/ Baghdad Iraq, Iraqi Academics Syndicate International Conference for Pure and Applied Sciences Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1818 (2021) 012115 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1818/1/01211
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[4]. A. Naresh Kumar Reddy, M. Keshavulu Goud, S. Lacha Goud, Effect of Apodised Psf Corollaries On Optical Imaging With Semitransparent And Π-Phase Annular Aperture, International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (IJTAP), Vol.1, No. I, pp. 109-124. November 2011
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ABSTRACT: In this research work it has been theoretically proved that the "Photon", the ray of electromagnetic radiation, in fact comprises of two different types of energies. Precisely one half of the energy carried by the Photon is the kinetic energy, the energy due to its motion and the other half of its energy is no thing but, its content; its electromagnetic energy itself. Corresponding formulae to find these two different energies of the Photon have also been discovered and are presented in this treatise.

Keywords: Photon, Photon Energies, Different Energies of the Photon, Frequency based kinetic energy equation, Electromagnetic Energy, Kinetic Energy, Energy, Frequency, Wave Length, Light ray, Velocity of Light;;

[1]. Physics Part II by Resnick & Haliday Wiley Eastern Limited, p.1177;
[2]. University Physics by Mark Zeakansky etc., Addison Wesley Publishing, p.159;
[3]. University Physics by Mark Ze akansky etc., Addison Wesley Publishing, p.135;
[4]. Bhargava R. Kotur. "Kinetic Energy of a Particle Independent of its Mass & Velocity." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR
JAP)JAP), 15(1), 2023, pp. 34 41, DOI: 10.9790/4861 1501013441
[5]. University Physics by Mark Zeakansky etc., Addison Wesley Publishing, p.1201;

ABSTRACT: According Yangton and Yington Theory, Wu's Unit Length and Wu's Unit Time of Wu's Pairs (building blocks of the universe) can be affected by particle bombardment, especially the graviton bombardment. Also, all the properties of an object or event are dependent on Wu's Unit Length (diameter) and Wu's Unit Time (period) of Wu's Pairs in the subatomic particles of the object or event. Therefore, the dimension, duration, velocity and acceleration of an object or event, as well as wavelength, light speed and time dilation can all be affected by the intensity of graviton bombardment......

Keywords: Gravity, Yangton and Yington, Wu's Pairs, Wu's Spacetime Shrinkage Theory, Principle of Parallelism, Spacetime, Relativity, Light Speed, Redshift, Gravitational Redshift, Cosmological Redshift, Aether Inflow, Aether Wind, Universal Gravitation, Static Graviton Flux, Dynamic Graviton Flux, Deflection of Light, Perihelion Precession of Mercury and Time Dilation

[1]. Edward T. H. Wu, "Yangton and Yington–A Hypothetical Theory of Everything", Science Journal of Physics, Volume 2015, Article ID sjp-242, 6 Pages, 2015, doi: 10.7237/sjp/242.
[2]. Edward T. H. Wu" Five Principles of The Universe and the Correlations of Wu's Pairs and Force of Creation to String Theory and Unified Field Theory." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), vol. 10, no. 4, 2018, pp. 17-21.
[3]. Edward T. H. Wu. "Subatomic Particle Structures and Unified Field Theory Based on Yangton and Yington Hypothetical Theory". American Journal of Modern Physics. Vol. 4, No. 4, 2015, pp. 165-171. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp. 20150404.13.
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ABSTRACT: Contexte : L'ensemble du système climatique est en interaction avec l'extérieur par l'intermédiaire du seul rayonnement électromagnétique. Entre les composantes du système climatique, il existe des relations plus ou moins fortes, des couplages, réciproques ou non. Dans le premier cas, on parle d'interactions. Les interactions sont caractérisées par un transfert d'énergie d'une composante vers une autre, soit par l'action du vent à la surface, soit par un transfert de chaleur par rayonnement électromagnétique, soit par évaporation, soit par précipitations (Fouquart, Y. 2003).......

Keywords: ACP, Indice KMO et Test de Barlet, interaction, variance.

[1]. Avram, F. 2012. Séries temporelles : régression, et modélisation ARIMA(p,d,q). Université de Pau
[2]. Cattiaux, J. 2014. Utilisation des statistiques en climat : un panorama. GAME | CNRS/Météo-France Toulouse
[3]. Christine Thomas-Agnan 2012. Analyse statistique des données spatiales I. Toulouse School of Economics
[4]. Doucouré, B.F. 2021. Analyse des séries temporelles : Etudier la dynamique d'une variable. Université Cheik Anta Diop de Dakar. Sénégal
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ABSTRACT: Under both thermal equilibrium and subatomic equilibrium, all objects and events are corresponding identical objects and events. Based on Principle of Equilibrium, Principle of Parallelism and Principle of Correspondence, as well as Wu's Spacetime Equation tyy = γlyy3/2, all quantities of the properties of an object or event can be transformed to Wu's Unit Length of a reference subatomic particle at the same location and time (same gravitational field and aging of the universe). These transformations are called "Wu's Spacetime Transformation".......

Keywords: Spacetime, General Relativity, Einstein's Field Equation, Yangton and Yington, Wu's Pairs, Subatomic Equilibrium, Corresponding Identical Object, Principle of Equilibrium, Principle of Parallelism, Principle of Correspondence, Wu's Spacetime Equation, Wu's Spacetime Shrinkage Theory, Wu's Spacetime Transformation, Wu's Spacetime Field Equation.

[1]. Edward T. H. Wu. "Subatomic Equilibrium and Subatomic Properties as Foundations of Wu's Spacetime Theories and Wu's Spacetime Field Equations." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), 12(6), 2020, pp. 42-51.
[2]. Edward T. H. Wu. "Principle of Equilibrium, Principle of Correspondence and Principle of Parallelism as the Foundations of Wu's Spacetime Theories." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), 12(4), 2020, pp. 50-57.
[3]. Peebles, P. J. E. and Ratra, Bharat (2003). "The cosmological constant and dark energy". Reviews of Modern Physics 75 (2): 559-606. arXiv: astro-ph/0207347. Bibcode: 2003 RvMP.75.559 P. doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559.
[4]. Kuhn, Karl F.; Theo Koupelis (2004). In Quest of the Universe. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 122-3. ISBN 0-7637-0810-0.
[5]. Edward T. H. Wu. "Principle of Correspondence, Principle of Parallelism and Redshift Based on Yangton and Yington Theory." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), 12(3), 2020, pp. 14-18.

ABSTRACT: In this paper, we investigate bend loss in single mode step index optical fiber. We restrict our analysis to two bend losses involving macrobend and microbend. We use the software "Understanding Fiber Optics on PC". We find a minimum loss of zero dB for the operating wavelength of 1.3 μm, core radius of 4.0m, relative index difference of 0.35% and bending radius of 7 cm. This result may be an important consideration to design an optical fiber..

Keywords: Optical fiber, bending losses, Micro bending losses, Transition losses, Spot-size

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[5]. Subranmanyam. N., et al., 2012. A textbook of optics, p.647..

ABSTRACT: Résumé : Contexte : Le forçage radiatif, qui est un déséquilibre du bilan radiatif de la Terre (BRT), résulte de la différence entre le rayonnement solaire qui pénètre notre atmosphère et le rayonnement infrarouge (Outgoing Longwave Radiation : OLR) qui en sort (GIEC, 2008). Les forçages d'origine anthropique dominent ceux d'origine naturelle, et sont en augmentation ininterrompue du fait de l'accumulation des gaz à effet de serre (GES) dans l'atmosphère (Poitou, J. 2013). Selon IPCC (2007), les principales composantes du forçage radiatif sont : les GES (CO2, CH4, N2O, halocarbures), l'ozone......

[1]. Amit Kumar, P. Parth Sarthi And Amita Kumari. Observed rainfall events and outgoing longwave radiation over contrasting river basins in Bihar, India. MAUSAM, 73, 2 (April 2022), 273-282 DOI : https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v73i2.5478
[2]. Amit Kumar, P. Parth Sarthi, Amita Kumari, Ashutosh K Sinha. Observed Characteristics of Rainfall Indices and Outgoing Longwave
Radiation over the Gangetic Plain of India. Pure and Applied Geophysics volume 178 pages619 631 (2021)
[3]. A T Sandjon , A Nzeukou , C. Tchawoua. Intraseasonal atmospheric variability and its interannual modulation in Central Africa .
Meteorol Atmos Phys (2012) 117 : 167 179 DOI 10.1007/s00703 012 0196 6
[4]. Cattiaux, J. 2014. Utilisation des statistiques en climat : un panorama. GAME | CNRS/Météo-France Toulouse
[5]. Christine Thomas-Agnan 2012. Analyse statistique des données spatiales I. Toulouse School of Economics.