IOSR-JAP   Volume-17 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar. – Apr. 2025

ABSTRACT: Thermal imaging systems play crucial roles in many fields. Long-infrared (LWIR) uncooled systems, operating in 8-12μm, offer significant advantages due to their cost-effectiveness, reliability, and compact design. These systems can provide a clear image in complete darkness through smoke, fog, dust, and severe weather conditions like rain and snow [1-4]. These systems are widely employed in handheld thermal cameras, automotive night vision, border security, firefighting, and industrial monitoring, providing real-time thermal imaging with minimal operational constraints.......

Keywords: Thermal imaging systems, Gun scope, Uncooled microbolometer sensor, SYNOPSYSTM, Nyquist frequency, Polychromatic Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), Diffraction-limited, Geometrical aberration, Chromatic aberration, Aberration curves, Spot diagram, Aspheric surface

[1] R N SINGH "THERMAL IMAGING TECHNOLOGY Design And Applications", Universities Press (India) Private Limited [2009].
[2] Uncooled Detectors For Thermal Imaging Cameras. FLIR Technical Note, Infrared Imaging News, Volume 14, Issue: 4, April 2008. Http:// Www. Flirmedia. Com/ MMC/ CVS/ Appl_ Stori Es/ AS_ 0015_EN. Pdf
[3] Cooled Versus Uncooled Cameras For Long-Range Surveillance. FLIR Technical Note
[4] C. Ximin, W. Xiea, Y. BAL, X. JIA, T. XING, Athermal Design For Infrared Refractive/Diffractive/Reflective Hybrid Optical System. Proce. SPIE (2014). Https:// Doi. Org/ 10. 1117/ 12. 20685 85
[5] Challenges, Constraints And Results Of Lens Design For 17-Micron Bolometer Focal Plane Arrays In 8-12-Micron Waveband

ABSTRACT: Gun scopes equipped with uncooled thermal imaging sensors operating in the LWIR (Long-Wave Infrared) range of 8–12 μm offer significant advantages due to their affordability, reliability, and compact design. These systems provide clear imaging even in complete darkness and can penetrate through smoke, fog, dust, and adverse weather conditions such as rain and snow [1-4]. Gun scopes play a crucial role in military and law enforcement applications, including enhanced target acquisition [5], surveillance and reconnaissance [6], and search and rescue operations [6]. The Gun scope optical system is designed around an uncooled LWIR thermal imaging sensor, a microbolometer.......

Keywords: Gun scope, Uncooled microbolometer sensor, SYNOPSYSTM, Nyquist frequency, Polychromatic Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), Diffraction-limited, Geometrical, Spot diagram, Optical Path Difference OPD, Transverse Aberration Curves, Astigmatic Field Curve, Aspheric surface

[1] R N SINGH "THERMAL IMAGING TECHNOLOGY Design And Applications", Universities Press (India) Private Limited [2009].
[2] Uncooled Detectors For Thermal Imaging Cameras. FLIR Technical Note, Infrared Imaging News, Volume 14, Issue: 4, April 2008. Http:// Www. Flirmedia. Com/ MMC/ CVS/ Appl_ Stori Es/ AS_ 0015_EN. Pdf
[3] Cooled Versus Uncooled Cameras For Long-Range Surveillance. FLIR Technical Note
[4] C. Ximin, W. Xiea, Y. BAL, X. JIA, T. XING, Athermal Design For Infrared Refractive/Diffractive/Reflective Hybrid Optical System. Proce. SPIE (2014). Https:// Doi. Org/ 10. 1117/ 12. 20685 85
[5] The Best Rifle Scopes For Tactical And Military Applications

ABSTRACT: In the current work, we have considered an approach based on the canonical operator for- mulation corresponding to the Klauder-Daubechies construction of a deformation of quantum mechanics. We have applied this formulation to the Landau harmonic problem in order to construct the quantisation of its extended formulation, and its quantum solution, allowing for an explicit analysis of the limits τ0 = 0 and m = 0 corresponding to the effective projec- tion onto the lowest Landau sector of the system. We have solved the physics spectrum of this system by use to the Fock algebra in the Hilbert space. We have obtained the physical spectrum as well as the diverse limits possible, leading to the algebraic structure of the non-commutative geometry of the Moyal space.

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ABSTRACT: The study of liquid alloys is essential for understanding their structural and thermodynamic properties, particularly in systems with significant atomic size disparity. The Na-Hg liquid alloy, known for its complex mixing behaviour, presents an interesting case for theoretical modelling. In this work, we apply the Hard Sphere Theory (HST) to investigate the thermodynamic and structural properties of the NaHg liquid alloy. The hard sphere model, which approximates atoms as non-overlapping spheres, provides insights into atomic packing, coordination numbers, and......

Keywords: Hard Sphere Theory, NaHg Liquid Alloy, Thermodynamic Properties, Structural Properties, Radial Distribution Function, Atomic Size Ratio, Liquid Metal Modelling.

[1]. Anderson, P., & Gupta, R. (2022). "Electronic Structure Calculations of Binary Liquid Alloys." Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Chemistry, 45, 78-89.
[2]. Brown, P., & Stevens, K. (2019). Thermodynamic Modeling of Liquid Alloys. Cambridge University Press.
[3]. Johnson, R., & Miller, T. (2018). Theoretical Models in Liquid State Physics. Oxford University Press.
[4]. Lee, H., Zhang, Y., & Chen, B. (2020). "X-ray Diffraction Study of Na-Hg Liquid Alloy Structure." Physical Chemistry A, 124(2), 417-426.
[5]. Smith, J., Doe, A., & Williams, L. (2022). "Hard Sphere Approximations for Liquid Metal Alloys." Journal of Materials Science, 58(4), 1023-1035..