IOSR-JAP   Volume-6 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2014

ABSTRACT: Interacting boson model (IBM-1) was used in the present work to study some of nuclear structures
for selected Dysprosium isotope of even mass number Dy( A=154-158). The energy levels and energy ratios of
these isotopes were investigated for there are experimental. The calculated results were compared with the
available experimental data, the results were in general good agreement

[1]. A. Arima and F. Iachello, Advances in Nuclear Physics, 13, 139 (Plenum Press, New York) (1984).
[2]. Arima A. and Iachello F. Interacting Boson Model of Collective States IV: The O(6) limit. Annals of Physics,, v.102, 123–468 1979,.
[3]. O. Scholten, Intercating Boson in Nuclear Physics, edited by F. Iachello ( Plenum Press, New York), 17 (1979).
[4]. O.S. Van Roosmalen, A.E.L.Dieperink, F.Iachello, Chem. Phys. Lett., 85, 2 (1982).
[5]. Arima A. and Iachello F., Phys.Lett.B. Vol.53, 309(1974).
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ABSTRACT: The twin problems of environmental wastes and power shortages in fast growing economies of developing countries are real. The cities are littered with municipal solid waste and other wastes in open dumps dangerous to health and environment. In addition, there is insufficient electricenergy to power the ever expanding cities and industries. One solution to these problems, which will not harm the environment, lies in the use of thermal plasma physics and associated technologies. Application of thermal Plasma to waste treatment isone of the novel methods of waste management and sustainable power generation to meet the needs of developing economies and guarantee safe environment. The thermal plasma process ensures gasification of the carbon-containing materials in the waste to produce synthesis gas (syngas) composed primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which is used to produce energy through reciprocating engine generators - gas turbines and steam boilers in integrated plasma gasification combine circle (IPGCC). Inorganic components get converted to glassy slag safe for use as a construction aggregate. The double benefits of waste treatment and energy production are realized from this plasma process.The results show the process is environmentally responsible creating a product gas with very low quantities of NOx, SOx, dioxins and furans.Thermal Plasma Processes for waste management and power generation from abundant waste is viable and sustainable.

Keyword: Plasma gasification, Environmental Waste, Power generation, Syngas

[1]. Anyaegbunam F.N.C. (2013), A New Method of Power Generation by Plasma Physics. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), Vol. 2 Issue 8, August – 2013 PP2428-2437
[2]. Anyaegbunam F.N.C. (2013), Sustainable Power Generation by Plasma Physics, American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER). Volume-02, Issue-08, pp65-75.
[3]. Anyaegbunam F.N.C. (2013), Environmentally Friendly and Sustainable Municipal Solid waste Management in Abuja. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention. Volume 2 Issue 7, July. 2013. PP42-50
[4]. Anyaegbunam F.N.C. (2013),Plasma Gasification for waste management and sustainable renewable clean energy generation. In the Proceedings of Nigerian Academy of Science (PNAS), 2013.
[5]. Langmuir I. (1928), Oscillations in ionized gases, Proceeding of National academy of science, U.S. 14(8), pp 628..

ABSTRACT: The single crystals of Urea-Thiourea, a nonlinear optical organic (NLO) material, were grown by slow solvent evaporation technique at 40-45°c temperature. Two solvents viz. Acetone and water were used as solvent. The crystals so obtained were good in size and transparent in visible region of the spectrum. The grown crystals were subjected to different Characterizations such as structural and Optical characterization using XRD, FTIR, and UV spectrophotometer. The XRD results show that crystals are perfectly Crystalline in nature and bears orthorhombic structure. The lattice parameters so calculated from XRD are a=7.62Å, b=8.44Å, c=5.51Å. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were recorded to confirm the functional groups. These results indicate that grown crystals have two amide functional group and one carbonyl group. UV visual transmittance studies show that the grown crystals have optical transparency over the entire visible region and the cut-off wavelengths occurs at 201, 252 nm. The optical energy gaps for Urea-Thiourea crystals were found to be 4.2 eV & 3.8 eV, grown using different solvents.

Keywords: Diffraction ,evaporation, ftir, nlo, UV study

[1] Santhanaraghavan, P., Ramasamy, P. (2001). Crystal growth process and method. India, KRU publications.

[2] Achintya, K. Bhowmik, Shida Tan, Ayayi C. Ahyi, J.A. Dharmadhikari,K. Dharmadhikari and D. Mathur, Optic commun. 280, 472 (2007).

[3] G. Ramesh Kumar, S. Gokul Raj, R. Sankar, R. Pandi and R. Jayavel, J. Cryst. Growth. 267,213 (2004).

[4] Madhavan J, Arun S, Thomas P C, Vimalan M, Rajasekar S A, and Sagayaraj P, Cryst. Res. Tech, 2007;42;59-64.

[5] Kal Qui J and lan, mater sci B , 133(2006) 191.

[6] Shah c ,J phys condence matter ,15 (2005) L (669).

ABSTRACT: The effect of composition in the ionic glassy system AgI-Ag2O3- Bi2O3-B2O3 on the electrical properties was investigated. The glasses have been prepared by melt quenching technique. The synthesized materials with up to 40 mol% AgI were formed in amorphous form. Above this value, the materials were only partially amorphous and contained crystalline inclusions, which were identified as  AgI. The electrical conductivity (, dielectric constant (ε') and dielectric loss ('') studies of the samples have been carried out at different temperatures and frequencies. The conductivity of the glasses increased with the increase in the AgI content and attains a highest ionic conductivity value with a composition of (AgI)0.3(Ag2O)0.2(Bi2O3)0.25(B2O3)0.25. The electrical data are discussed on the basis of Ag+ diffusion in the glassy structure, which plays a significant role in both conduction and dielectric relaxation processes in the glass matrix.

Key words: Ionic conductivity; dielectric constant; Bismuth glasses; Borate glasses

[1]. M. Aniya, Solid State Ionics, 137 (2000) 1085.
[2]. M. Aniya, J. Kawamura, Solid State Ionics, 155 (2002) 343.
[3]. M. Aniya, F. Shimojo, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 341 (2004) 110.

[4]. A. Ghosh, A. Pan, Phys. Rev. Lett., 84 (2000) 2188.
[5]. W. Dieterich, P. Maass, Chem. Phys., 284 (2002) 439.
[6]. K. Funke, R.D. Banhatti, Solid State Ionics, 169 (2004).

ABSTRACT: Chemical bath deposited copper sulfide (CuS) thin films were doped with varying concentrations of mercury (Hg) and nickel (Ni) impurities (0.01-0.03M) on glass substrates at room temperature of 27 oC. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and four-point probe techniques were used to analyze the structural and electrical properties as well as the thickness of the doped CuS thin films. The XRD results reveal that the films have mono-crystallite structure with broadening of the diffraction peak by both impurities. Values of the Bragg's angle obtained were 2ϴ = 29.28o for the diffraction peak of Ni impurities and 2ϴ = 27.86o for the diffraction peak of Hg impurities as compared to un-doped CuS thin films whose diffraction peak occurred at 2ϴ = 23.71o. The electrical resistivity of the films dropped from about 2000 Ω-cm for the un-doped CuS thin film to zero value for 0.01M of Ni impurities and then reversed from negative value back to zero for Ni impurities of equal to or greater than 0.02M concentration. For Hg impurities, the electrical resistivity first rose to 6,600 Ω-cm for 0.01M impurity, then dropped symmetrically back to 2000 Ω-cm for 0.02M impurity and gradually decreased with higher concentrations of Hg impurities. Corresponding variations in electrical conductivity, dielectric constants and film thickness with impurity concentrations are also reported in this paper.

Keywords: XRD, four-point probe, Hg and Ni impurities, diffraction peak, Bragg's angle

[1]. Osuwa J. C and Mgbaja E. C, (2013) Effects of mercury and nickel impurities on optical properties of copper sulfide (CuS) thin flms deposited by chemical birth technique. IOSR Journal Of Environmental Science. Vol. 5.Issue 2, pp. 27-31
[2]. Grozdanov I and Najdoski M, (1995) Optical and Electrical properties of copper sulphide films of variable composition. J. Solid State Chem. 114 469.
[3]. Suarez R and Nair P. K, (1996) Co-Deposition of PbS-CuS thin films by chemical Technique. J. Solid State Chem. 123 296
[4]. Ottih I. E and Ekpunobi A. J, (2010) X-ray and optical characterization chemical bath Deposited Cadmium Nickel Sulphide CdNiS thin films. Journal of Basic Physical Research. Vol, I p 17-23,
[5]. Nascu C, Pop I, Ionescu V, Indrea E and Bratu I (1997) Spray pyrolysis of Cu thin films. Mater. Lett. 32 73
[6]. Osuwa, J. C and Onyejiuwa, G. I, (2013) Structural and Electrical properties of annealed Nickel Oxide(NiO) thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition. Journal ot Ovonic Research. 9(1): 9-15.

ABSTRACT: For 384×288 pixel uncooled micro bolometer (a-Si) focal plane array (FPA) detector an infrared optical system (lenses) has been designed in this paper for work in long wavelength infrared region (LWIR) 8—12 μm. the design results show that the optimum optical performance can be obtained by our proposed approach, so the modulation transfer function (MTF) at Nyquist frequency above 0.5 and closed to diffraction limit, and diameter of geometrical blur image less than detector unit cell (pixel) and concentrated on it. The main advantages of this design beside quality of it optically, it's simple in structure (consists of one conic surface – ellipse; and five spherical surfaces), lightweight (about 77.59g),

1]. R N SINGH "THERMAL IMAGING TECHNOLOGY Design and Applications", Universities Press (India) Private Limited [2009].
[2]. Ronald G. Diggers, Paul Cox, Timothy Edwared "Introduction to Infrared and Electro-Optical Systems ", Artech House, INC. Boston London [1999]
[3]. Ikbal Singh "DESIGN OF INFRERED OPTICAL SYSTEM", International Conference on Optics and Photonics, India, [2009].
[4]. Max J. Riedl, "Optical Design Fundamentals for Infrared Systems", Tutorial Texts in Optical Engineering, Volume TT20, ISBN 0-8194-1935-4. [1995].
[5]. Ramin Khoei "Optical design of a long range dual field of view thermal imaging camera in 3-5 wave band ", Proc. of SPIE Vol. 7506 75061M-1, [2009].

ABSTRACT: Nowadays, Electro-spinning has gained an increased attention towards gas sensing material, battery and solar cells. Among the other 1-D nanostructures, nano-fibers have an advantage of large surface to volume ratio, long axial ratio, large porosity and good mechanical properties. The metal oxides are extremely importanttechnological materials for use in electronic andphotonic devices. Electrospinning method is welldue to its easier performation and massproduction of fibers and variety of applications invarious fields. This paper describes about the sensing studies of zinc oxide and nickel oxide (ZnO-NiO) nanocompositefibers prepared by electro-spinning method. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) is used as a polymer to form fibers of ZnO-NiOnanocomposite which was deposited on the glass substrate at room temperature (RT). The basic characterization studies and gas sensing studies of as-spun fibers on formaldehyde and ammonia were studied.

Keywords: electrospining ,nanofibers , performation , PVA , formaldehyde , photonic , ammonia

[1] Electrospinning of Nanomaterials and Applications in Electronic Components and Devices Jianjun Miao, Minoru Miyauchi, Trevor J. Simmons, Jonathan S. Dordick, and Robert J. Linhardt
[2] R. Jiri, P. Marek, V. Vladimir, Aligned nano fiber deposition onto a apatterened rotating drum collector by electrospinning, Brno, Czech Republic, EU, (2011)
[3] S. N. Reznik, , A. L. Yarin, , A. Theron, E. Zussman, Transient and steady shapes ofdroplets attached to a surface in a strong electric field. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 516 (2004), 349-377.
[4] Ondarcuhu T, Joachim C. Drawing a single nanofibre over hundreds of microns. EurophysLett 1998;42(2):21520.
[5] Feng L, Li S, Li H, Zhai J, Song Y, Jiang L, et al. Super-Hydrophobic Surface of Aligned PolyacrylonitrileNanofibers. AngewChemInt Ed 2002;41(7):1221–3.