IOSR-JAP   Volume-7 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2015

ABSTRACT: Physics can be used to explain everything that goes on at the nano scale. There is active physics research going on in nanoscience and nanotechnology nanomechanics, quantum computation, quantum teleportation, artificial atoms etc. At nanometer scale physics is different. By learning about individual molecules properties, we can put basic physics laws together in very well-defined ways to produce new materials with new and amazing characteristics. These materials have unique structures and tunable properties necessary to meet the current technical requirements and many different real world applications. The basics of physics leading to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology which is currently in a very infantile stage leading to the creation of Useful and Functional materials, devices and systems through control of matter on the nanometer length scale and exploitation of novel phenomena and physical properties at nano scale. The current paper focuses the vitality of basic physics in the development of new science and technology named nanoscience and nanotechnology.

Keywords: Nanoscience, Nanotechnology etc

[1]. www.nnin.org/nnin_edu.html
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[5]. Esfarjani, K. and Mansoori, G. A., ―Statistical Mechanical Modeling and Its Application to Nanosystems,‖ Handbook of
Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, American Sci, Pub., Stevenson Ranch, CA, 2005.

ABSTRACT: The crystals of Strontium iodate, Zinc iodate and Mercuric iodate were grown by a simple gel method using diffusion technique. The optimum growth conditions were established by varying various parameters such as pH of the gel solution, gel concentration, gel setting time, concentrations of reactants etc. The crystals were characterized using FTIR.
Keywords: Gel technique, Strontium iodate, Zinc iodate and Mercuric iodate crystals, FTIR

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ABSTRACT: The principles calculations based on Density functional theory (DFT) is adopt of the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). It has studied electronic, mechanical properties lattice constant, cohesive Energy, density of state, bulk modulus, partial density, electronic state density and band structure including diamond structure of C, SI, and Hypothetical (SIC). This study aimed to investigated of the behavior of atoms carbon and silicon in diamond structure using (GGA) density functional theory, study Ground state structure of silicon-carbon (SIC) with diamond structure. The result of GGA calculation is obviously through the electronic properties of carbon, silicon and Hypothetical (SIC) in diamond structure it shows that they correspond with the existing experimental values distribution of crystal band gap and partial density of states. From the results of mechanical properties we can know that they are materials. Though the hardness and stiffness of Silicon-Carbon is lower than diamond, it is superior to the materials of Silicon as a good semiconductor materials.

Keywords: (GGA) DFT, Ground state structure, carbon, silicon and silicon- carbon (SIC).

[1]. Richard. Ch. Andrew. First principles studies of Si-C alloys. Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, FE, 2013.
[2]. Gervasoni J.L. Furnari J.C. Density of Electron States and Volume of Solution of Hydrogen in SiC Alloys. Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 8 (2014), 390-393.
[3]. W. Kohn, L.J. Sham, Self-consistent equations including exchange and correlation effects, Physical Review 140 (4A) (1965) A1133-A1138.
[4]. M´arton.A.Voros . Ab initio investigations on the electronic and optical properties of group IV semiconductor nanocrystals. Department of Atomic Physics. Budapest University of Technology and Economics. 2013.
[5]. Jijun Zhao, Alper buldum, Jie Han, and Jian Ping Lu. "Gas molecule adsorption in carbon nanotubes and nanotube bundles." Nanotechnology 13, 195 (2002).

ABSTRACT: Galileo's relativity principle could be verified, as it included mechanical phenomena only. Einstein included electromagnetic phenomena also under relativity principle. But Einstein's relativity principle could not be verified scientifically. This is because of the immense speed of light, which do not allow the contemporary measurement techniques, to avail a readable result. Hence, the relativity principle remains a postulate, ie. a basic assumption which is beyond the scope of experimental verification. But here is a solution for the problem. Using the earth as a frame of reference, the experiment can be conducted successfully. The validity of relativity principle can be fixed.

Keywords: electromagnetic phenomena, frame of reference, light, postulate, relativity principle, validity, verification.

[1]. A.N. Matveev Mechanics and theory of relativity (Mir Publishers, Moscow 1989)

ABSTRACT: A pycknometer and a rotational viscometer were used to measure the density and viscosity respectively of pure palm oil and various concentrations of adulterated palm oil at 313 K. From the measured values of density and viscosity, activation energy changes arising from various concentrations of impurity in palm oil were calculated. The activation energy change of palm oil increased linearly as the concentration of impurity in palm oil increased. This most probably is due to the increase in intermolecular attractive force between the impurity and palm oil molecules. Due to the linear relationship between the impurity concentration and the activation energy change of palm oil, a simple mathematical expression was developed for the identification of an adulterated palm oil.

Keywords: Activation energy change, Adulteration, Concentration, Impurity, Palm oil, Turkey oil

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ABSTRACT: Thermoelectric properties are based on some parameters as Figure of merit, thermal conductivity, Electrical conductivity and Seebeck Coefficient. Electrical conductivity depends upon the energy Band Gap of thermoelectric material. As soon as Band Gap reduces increases thermoelectric performance. Band Gap of semiconductor tends to decrease as the temperature is increase. Because interatomic spacing increases when the amplitude of atomic vibrations increases due to the increased thermal energy

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ABSTRACT: When IMRT treatment is considered to be a routine work, one should seek for an accurate, time saving, fast and simple QA procedure. Electronic portal imaging device (EPID), especially amorphous silicon type, is a promising tool for IMRT dosimetry. In this work a calibration of an amorphous silicon flat panel-type imager (Elekta iViewGT, release 3.2) is done, which was incorrect (figure 3.1.) due to the EPID renormalization to the target value (Elekta instructions). The calibration of the amorphous silicon flat panel-type imager (Elekta iViewGT) was repeated after considering the Pixel Scaling Factor (PSF), which gave the correct response (figure 3.2.).

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ABSTRACT: Sol-Gel method was used to synthesize crystalline Bismuth Ferrite (BiFeO3) nano particles BFO. For characterization and comparison, X-Ray diffractograms of BiFeO3 powder obtained by Sol-Gel method was taken before calcination and after calcination at 500o for 1 hour. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed a homogenous size distribution of nanometric Bismuth Ferrite perovskite powders with a grain size of 200 nm which is in well agreement with previous synthesis.

Key Words: Bismuth Ferrite, Nanoparticles, Sol- Gel method, X-ray diffraction(XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM),Energy Dispersive X-Ray Profile (EDX).

[1]. Glenda Biasotto, A.Z.Simoes, C.R.Foschini, S.G.Antonio, Maria A.Zaghete, Jose A. Varela , "A novel synthesis of perovskite bismuth ferrite nanoparticles", Processing and Application of Ceramics 5(3)(2011)171-179.
[2]. K.Y Yun, M.Noda. M. Okuyama, H.Saeki, H.Tabata, K. Saito, "Structural and multiferroic properties of BiFeO3 thin films at room temperature",J.Appl. Phys.,96(2004)3399-3403.
[3]. Y.P. Wang, L.Zhou,M.F. Zhang,X.Y.Chen,J.M.Liu,Z.G.Liu, "Room temperature saturated ferroelectric polarization in BiFeO3 ceramics synthesized by rapid liquid phase sintering",Appl.Phys. Lett.,84(2004)1731-1734.
[4]. S.Ghosh, S. Dasgupta, A. Sen, H. Shekhar, "Low temperature synthesis of nano sized bismuth ferrite by soft chemical route",J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,88(2005)1349-1352.
[5]. C.Chen, J. Cheng, S.Yu, L.Che, Z. Meng, "Hydrothermal synthesis of perovskites bismuth ferrites crystallites", J.Crystal Growth, 291(2006)135-139.
[6]. J.T. Han,Y.H Huang, X.J.Wu, C.L. Wu, W.Wei, B.Peng, W. Huang, J.B. Goodenough, " Tunable synthesis of bismuth ferrites with various morphologies". Adv.Mater.18(2006)2145-2148.

ABSTRACT: Both young and adult Channa and Clarias survived within 72 hours of exposure time to test temperature of 40 0C and 36.5 0C for acclimation tried i.e. 25 0C, 30 0C and 35 0C respectively. But none of the fishes survived at 15 0C in low lethal tests. The thermal tolerance area was estimated to be 700 0C2 , 501 0C2 for young and adult of Channa and Claries respectively. It is concluded that Channa punctatus and Clarias batrachus are stenothermal.

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ABSTRACT: The structural, electronic and magnetic properties were predicted for Full Heusler Alloy – Ir2CrAl using local spin density approximation as implemented in Wien2k 13.1. We analyzed and predicted that the compound can be used for spintronic application as we recognize 100% spin polarization, half metallicity and ferromagnetic with magnetic moment of 3 μB.

Keywords: Heusler, Electronic Band Structure, Half Metal, Spintronic

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