IOSR-JAP   Volume-8 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2016

ABSTRACT:The development and usage of growing gadgets LED to the advancement in Wi - Fi technology provide us a new light- fidelity technology(Li - Fi). This technology makes use of LED light helps in the transmission of data transmitted through Wi - Fi. Light-fidelity is a branch of optical wireless communication system which is an emerging technology. Because of that by using visible light as transmission medium, it provides a wireless indoor communication. First of all, Dr. Herald Haas, professor of mobile communication, University of Edinburgh School of engineering, publicly demonstrate the Li - Fi, a method of visible light communication (VLC). Li-fi is transfer of data through light by taking out of fiber optics and sending data through LED light.

Keywords: Li- Fi, Wi - Fi, LED light.

[1]. H Hass, wireless data from6. Williaevery Connell light bulb', TED global, Edinbergh, July 2011.
[2]. Gorden Povey, Visible Light Communication, August 2011.
[3]. Gorden Povey, top 10 Visible Light Communication application, March 2011.
[4]. http://www.luxim.com/pdfs/ApplicationNot el,JFL-PRJ.pdf.
[5]. www/servondesign.casuk/thoughts/li-fi-internet-connection-using-light source, oct 26,2011.
[6]. En.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-Fi http:/

ABSTRACT: On the basis of an assumption of inter-conversion of matter and dark energy, a theoretical model of cosmic expansion has been formulated, in the framework of Brans-Dicke (BD) theory. Empirical expressions of scale factor (𝑎) and scalar field parameter (𝜑) have been used. The scale factor is such that it generates a signature flip of the deceleration parameter with time. A function of time 𝑓(𝑡), defined in terms of the density of matter (𝜌), is used to account for the non-conservation of matter. This function is proportional to the matter content of the universe. Using an empirical scalar field parameter, in terms of scale factor, the functional form of 𝑓(𝑡) has been determined from the BD field equations.

Keywords: Cosmology, Brans-Dicke parameter, Scalar field, Conversion of matter into dark energy, Time varying gravitational constant, Accelerated expansion of the universe.

[1]. Bennet C. L. et al.; 2003. First-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Preliminary maps and basic results. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 148(1): 1-27.
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[3]. Perlmutter S. et al.; 1999. Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae. Astrophys. J., 517: 565-586. [4]. Sahni V. and Starobinsky A.; 2000. The case for a positive cosmological Λ term. Int. J. Mod. Phys. D, 09(4): 373-443.
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ABSTRACT: The level of radioactivity in water samples collected from Dutse town, the capital city of Jigawa State, Nigeria was determined and annual effective dose for intake of radionuclides in the water were estimated. Twenty four (24) samples of drinking water were collected and evaporated using hot plate to obtain the residue. A specified quantity of the residues were measured and analyzed using MPC-2000, a low background gross alpha and beta counter. The average activity obtained were 0.23 Bq/l and 283 Bq/l for alpha and beta activity respectively. The estimated annual effective dose (AED) ranged from infants to adults were also examined..

Keywords: Annual Effective Dose, Drinking Water, Jigawa State, Radioactivity

[1]. E. Yusuf, G. Iliyasu, U. A. Danbatta and A. Y. Maitama, "Effect of Gross Alpha and Beta in Groundwater Intake and Estimation of Groundwater Table in Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil," American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS), vol. 14(1), pp. 46-54, 2015.
[2]. D. G. Marbaniang, "Radioactivity (Gross-Α and Gross-Β) Studies of Surface Water Collected from Domiasiat Area, West Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya, India," International Journal of Environmental Protection, vol. 1 (4), pp. 17-21, 2011.
[3]. X.-X. Miao, Y.-Q. Ji, X.-Z. Shao, H. Wang, Q.-F. Sun and X. Su, "Radioactivity of Drinking-Water in the Vicinity of Nuclear Power Plants in China Based on a Large-Scale Monitoring Study," International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 10, pp. 6863-6872, 2013.
[4]. E. W. Mangset , L. D. Christopher , A. O. Solomon , E. E. Ike , S. P. Mallam and R. A. Onoja , "Gross Alpha and Beta Radio Activity Concentrations and Estimated Committed Effective dose to the General Public Due to Intake of Groundwater in Mining Areas of Plateau State, North Central Nigeria," Advances in Physics Theories and Applications, vol. 38, 2014.
[5]. E. O. Agbalagba and G. O. Avwiri, "Determination of Gross α and β Activity Concentration and Estimation ofAdults and Infants Dose Intake in Surface and Ground Water of Ten Oil Fields Environment in Western Niger Delta of Nigeria," International Journal of Environmental Engineering Research, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 30-40, 2012.

ABSTRACT: The effective atomic number of biomolecules such as carbohydrates and carboxylic acids for electron interaction at the energy of 942 keV have been determined by measuring their mass stopping power, using a Si(Li) detector coupled to 8K multichannel analyzer. The mass stopping power are determined by measuring the energies of incident electrons and transmitted electrons in the biomolecules. From the measured mass stopping power, the effective atomic numbers of the biomolecules have been determined and compared with theoretical values for electron interaction and photon interaction..

Keywords:Internal Conversion (IC), Mass Stopping Power (MSP), Effective Atomic Number (Zeff )

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ABSTRACT: In present study, the dielectric properties of PVA /TiO2 composite films were estimated. PVA/ TiO2 films were prepared by using the solvent casting technique and characterized by XRD, FTIR, and FESEM. XRD study reveals that polycrystalline nature of composite films. FESEM micrograph of thin films clearly confirms that the content of TiO2 is rising with a concentration of it. The presence of hydroxyl group (O-H) of PVA structure and Ti-O bonding in thin films is verified by FTIR. An analysis of the frequency dependence of the AC conductivity is found to increase with increasing the TiO2 concentration at room temperature. The highest conductivity observed is 2.48E-06 s/cm for PVTI-30...............

Keywords: PVA-TiO2, Dielectric permittivity, dissipation factor, Ac conductivity.

[1]. S Kramadhati, K Thyagarajan, International journal of Engineering Research and Development, 6(8). 15-18. (2013).
[2]. J Su, Z Y Ma,J I Scheinbeim,B A Newman, Journal of Polymer Science part B: Polymer Physics, 33 85 (1995)
[3]. G Vijaya Kumar and Chandranani, Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 4 1603 (2008)
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[5]. S Choudhary and R J Sengwa, Indian J Phys. 86 335 (2012).

ABSTRACT: Metal tartrate compounds find various applications. In the present study, the effect of optically sensitive levo-tartaric acid and dextro-tartaric acid on growth and various physical properties of copper (II) levo-tartrate and copper (II) dextro-tartrate crystals were investigated. The crystals were grown in silica-hydro-gel medium. The optimum condition was established at room temperature by various parameters such as pH of gel solution, gel solution specific gravity and concentration of reactants. Transparent, prismatic and blue colored single crystals were obtained.............

Keywords: Copper dextro-tartrate, copper levo-tartrate, EPR, FTIR, Powder XRD, silica gel, TGA, VSM.

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ABSTRACT: Ankle Brachial index is a reliable indicator of presence of arterial stenosing disease of lower limb. Also it is of predictive value in follow up of patients with cardiovascular diseases (Sikkink CJ, 1997). In this study, ABI was used in examination of individuals without lower limb complaints to assess its value as part of routine clinical examination. The relations between ABI and weight status and age are studies as well. As there is significant error in ABI results when brachial systolic pressure is more than 200mm Hg, diastolic ABI is proposed as a possible alternative.

Keywords: ABI, Ankle brachial index, Systolic ABI, Diastolic ABI, lower limb occlusive vascular diseases, BMI

[1]. Kadhim, I. M. (2011). The relationship between hypertension and weight status in Iraqi population. Baghdad Science Journal, Vol.(3) pp 751-755.
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ABSTRACT: The The Nield-Kuznetsov integral functions of the first- and second-kind are introduced and classified. Each kind is sub-classified as standard, generalized or parametric, depending on the source of each function. Power series expressions are derived and Tables of values of functions of the first-kind are generated by evaluating the derived series.

Keywords: Nield-Kuznetsov, Integral functions, Weber and Airy ODE.

[1]. D. A. Nield and A. V. Kuznetsov, The effect of a transition layer between a fluid and a porous medium: shear flow in a channel,
Transport in Porous Media, 78, 2009, 477–487.
[2]. M.S. Abu Zaytoon, Flow through and over porous layers of variable thicknesses and variable permeability, PhD hhesis, University
of New Brunswick, Saint John, N.B., Canada, 2015.
[3]. M.S. Abu Zaytoon, T.L. Alderson and M.H. Hamdan, Flow through a layered porous configuration with generalized variable
permeability, Int. J. of Enhanced Research in Science, Technology & Engineering, Vol. 5 Issue 6, 2016, 1-21.
[4]. M.S. Abu Zaytoon, T.L. Alderson and M.H. Hamdan, Weber's Inhomogeneous Differential Equation with Initial and Boundary
Conditions, Int. J. Open Problems Compt. Math., Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2016, 12 pages.
[5]. M.H. Hamdan and M.T. Kamel, "On the Ni(x) integral function and its application to the Airy's non-homogeneous equation,
Applied Math.Comput., 217#17, 2011, 7349–7360.

ABSTRACT: The boundary layer experiences strong and dynamic changes in atmospheric properties due to surface mechanisms. As such, radio waves are susceptible to modulations near the surface. This study therefore focuses on the influence of precipitation distribution on seasonal and annual refractivity gradient patterns within 10 meters height from the surface in the troposphere over West African continental areas.The West African continental areas were partitioned into four climatic zones based on rainfall distribution pattern...........

Keywords: Surface refractivity, precipitation, inter-tropical discontinuity, climatic zones

[1]. Adediji, A.T., Ajewole, M.O., and Oladosu, O.R. (2007):"Radio Refractivity Measurement at 150m Altitude on TV Tower in Akure, South-West Nigeria" Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences Vol. 2(8), Medwell Journals, pp 1308-1313
[2]. Adediji A. T., Ajewole M. O. (2008): Vertical profile of radio refractivity gradient in Acure South–West Nigeria // Progress in Electromagnetic Research C. – Vol. 4. – P. 157–168.
[3]. Adediji, A. T. and Ajewole, M. O. (2010): Microwave Anomalous Propagation Measurement over Akure South-Western Nigeria. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar- Terrestrial Physics Vol. 72 pp 550-555
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ABSTRACT:Different types of ceramic materials are currently being studied as possible cathodes in solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC),due to reduce operating temperatures. Strontium doped lanthanum manganite (La1-xSrxMnO3-δ- LSM) was used as cathode for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). LSM thin film with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mol % strontium were synthesized by spray pyrolysis technique. The thin films were sintered at 800oC has been characterized by Infra-red spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction to determine the crystalline perovskite phase........

Keywords: Spray Pyrolysis, Electrical conductivity, Dielectric constant, Cathode, LSM, SOFC.

[1]. P.Lenormand, A.Lecomte.C. Leberty. F.Ansart. A.Boulle. J. of Matter.sci.(2009) 42:4581-4590.
[2]. Dongbo Zhang, Lei Yang, ZE liu, Kenin Blinn, Jae-Wung Lee, Meilin Liu, Applied surface science 258(2012) 6199-6203.
[3]. Moises R. Cesario,Danial A.Macedo, Rosane M.P. B.Oliveria,Patricia M. Pimental, `Roberto L.Moreira and Dulce M.A.Melo.
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Earths. Vol.30 No.12,Dec.2012 p.1240
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ABSTRACT: Solution-processed semiconductors are seen as a promising route to reducing the cost of the photovoltaic device manufacture. A photovoltaic cell can be developed from the Schottky junction between a semiconductor and a metal, with or without an insulating layer between them. This work reporting a singlelayer Schottky photovoltaic device that was fabricated by drop-casting intrinsic silicon nano-crystals (Si-NCs) from colloidal solution. Here the colloidal solution of silicon nano-crystals (Si-NCs) in dichlorobenzene was prepared by ultrasonic vibration (sonication) at different sonication time. Higher ultrasonic power produced smaller Si-NCs.........

Keywords: Deposition, Photovoltaic, Schottky junction, Silicon nano-crystal, Solar cells.

[1]. Nathan S. Lewis, Powering the Planet, MRS Bulletin, Volume 32, pp 808-820, October 2007.
[2]. Luque A., Hegedus S., Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Wiley, Chichester; 2003.
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[5]. Luther, J. M., Law, M., Beard, M. C., Song, Q., Reese, M. O., Ellingson, R. J., Nozik, A. J., Schottky Solar Cells Based on
Colloidal Nanocrystal Films, Nano Letters, Volume 8, pp 3488-3492, 2008.

ABSTRACT: Starting from a discrete space-time model for a Multiverse, we find some rules that prevail when we obtain the energy spectrum and the wave functions for the discrete versions of Quantum Mechanics and Super Symmetric Quantum Mechanics (SUSYQM). We recall the probably most simple but significant problem that is the interaction betweenthe Harmonic oscillator and the space-time grid.The first step will be to remember the new discrete versions of the continuum equations. So we propose the new ladder operators and from these, we build some of the wave functions and their corresponding eigenvalues, and analyze their behavior and compare with the old continuous versions. .........

Keywords: Ladder operators, discrete space-time, superpotential, harmonic oscillator.

[1]. J. M. Velázquez-Arcos, Symmetry, Boltzmann H theorem, and the time arrow, Wulfenia Journal, vol.1, no. 9: Sep 2014, LandesmuseumKarnten, Museumgasse 2, Klagenfurt, Austria, A-9021.

[2]. Sean M. Carroll, Dark energy and the preposterous Universe. Sky and Telescope, Vol. 109, No 3, pages 32-39; March 2005

[3]. Sean M. Carroll and Jennifer Chen. Spontaneous inflation and the Origin of the Arrow of Time. Sci. Am. Pages 48-57, June 2008. [4]. Jaume Garriga and Alexander Vilenkin,Many worlds in one, Physical Review, Vol. D64, No.043511; July 2001.

[5]. Max Tegmark,Is "The theory of Everything” Merely the Ultimate Ensemble Theory?,Annals of Physics, Vol. 270, No. 1, pages 1-51.