IOSR-JAP   Volume-8 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2016

ABSTRACT: We have calculated the single photoionization cross section [SPICS] of Sodium [Na] (1s2 2s2 2p6 3s)] using configuration interaction (CI) wave function for the initial state in both length and velocity forms and Coulomb wave function for the final state of the dipole matrix element. In the single photoionization absorption of a single-photon by an atom by the ejection of one electron. Comparison is made with available experimental observations and other theoretical predictions. Our present calculated result is encouraging

Keywords:: Absorption, Atom, Photoionization, Photon, Wave functions

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ABSTRACT: Welding is an important joining process of industrial fabrication and manufacturing. This review article briefs the materials processing and welding by laser beam with its special characteristics nature. Laser augmented welding process offers main atvantages such as autogenous welding, welding of high thickness, dissimilar welding, hybrid laser welding, optical fibre delivery, remote laser welding, eco-friendly, variety of sources and their wide range of applications are highlighted. Significance of Nd: YAG laser welding and pulsed wave over continuous wave pattern on laser material processesare discussed. Influence of operating parameter of the laser beam for the welding process are briefed including optical fibre delivery and shielding gas during laser welding. Some insight gained in the study of optimization techniques of laser welding parameters to achieve good weld bead geometry and mechanical properties. Significance of laser welding on stainless steels and other materials such as Aluminium, Titanium, Magnesium, copper, etc…are discussed.

[1]. A H Wang, H.G. Xu, P. Yang, X.L. Zhang and C.S. Xie. "Nd: YAG laser butt welding of a 12 vol. % SiC particulate-reinforced magnesium alloy composite." Materials Letters 61 (2007): 4023-4026.
[2]. A Haboudou, P.Peyre, A.B.Vannes and G.Peix. "Reduction of porosity content generated during Nd: YAG laser welding of A356 AA5083 Aluminium alloys." Material Science & Engineering A 363 (2006): 40-52.
[3]. A. Conde, I. Garcia, J.J.de Damborenea. "Pitting corrosion of 304 stainless steel after laser surface melting in argon and nitrogen atmospheres." Corrosion science 43 (2001): 817-828.
[4]. A.M.Chelladurai, K.A.Gopal, S.Murugan, S.Venugopal, T.Jayakumar. "Energy Transfer modes in laser beam welding." Science and Technology for welding (2014).
[5]. A.P. Wu, G.S. Zou, J.L. Ren, H.J. Zhang, G.Q. Wang, X. Liu, M.R. Xie. "Microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti-24Al-17Nb (at. %) laser beam welding joints." Inermetallics 10 (2002): 647-652.

ABSTRACT: Spray pyrolysis method to prepare Fe2O3 thin films on glass substrate has been used. The absorption spectra used in the wavelength range 350 nm to 600 nm to calculate the optical energy gap found to be 2.22 eV. This band gap energy allows efficient utilization of solar spectrum. Fe2O3 thin films which show both direct and indirect allowed transition are present.

Keywords: spray pyrolysis, Fe2O3 thin films

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ABSTRACT: ZnO is the most studied wide band gap transparent semiconductor, it has tremendous potential in luminescent device applications due to its properties like: Size dependant emission, broad excitation range, high quantum yield, etc.. Both Undoped and Mn doped ZnO nanostructures, mostly nanorods were fabricated by adopting solid state chemical reaction route. In the study it has been observed that the PL spectra for both bare and Mn doped ZnO samples exhibited different characteristics. The optical study has been extended by recording PL intensities of bare ZnO nanostructures under bacterial environment. A particular bacteria 'Staphylocuccus" has been selected for the study. The significant behaviour of PL spectra in the visible region can be utilized to design efficient biological marker.

[1]. Pan, Z. W., Dai, Z. R. and Wang, Z. L.. Nanobelts of Semiconducting Oxides, Science 291, 1947, 2001.
[2]. Huang, M. H., et al., Room-Temperature Ultraviolet Nanowire Nanolasers, Science 292, 1897, 2001.
[3]. Sivalingam, D. et al., Ethanol and trimethyl amine sensing by Zno-based nanostructured thin films. Int. J. Nanosci., 10, 1161–1165, 2011.
[4]. Sivalingam, D.; Gopalakrishnan, J.; Rayappan, J.B. Influence of precursor concentration on structural, morphological and electrical properties of spray deposited ZnO thin films. Crystal Res. Technol., 46, 685–690, 2011.
[5]. Sivalingam, D.; Gopalakrishnan, D. & Rayappan, R. Structural, morphological, electrical and vapour sensing properties of Mn doped nanostructured ZnO thin films. Sens. Actuators B Chem., 166–167, 624–631, 2012.

ABSTRACT: Six types of commercially available multiwall carbon nanotube soot were obtained and prepared into buckypapers by pellet pressing and by filtration into a paper. These samples were evaluated with respect to thickness, compressibility and electrical conductivity. DC conductivity results by two-point and four-point (van der Pauw) measurement methods as a function of preparation parameters are presented. Topology was investigated qualitatively by way of scanning electron microscopy and helium ion microscopy and from this, some generalizations about the nanotube structural properties and manufacturing technique with respect to conductivity are give

[1]. Lehman JH, Terrones M, Mansfield E, Hurst KE, Meunier V.Evaluating the characteristics of multiwall carbon nanotubes. Carbon. 2011;49(8):2581–2602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2011.03.028.
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ABSTRACT: Laser welding and its related processes is a complex phenomenon since it has involving the interaction of Thermal, Mechanical, Electrical and Metallurgical changes. So, modeling of laser welding process is very important for process understanding and time effective. Laser welding process have been modeled by analytical and mathematical methods especially, finite element method and finite difference method, a combination these two methods is an ideology of finite volume method which governs most of the process parameters.This article covers a brief history about modeling of laser beam welding process, modeling of heat conduction and keyhole during laser welding of different materials including some studies on heat and mass transfer during laser welding.

[1]. A.Loredo, (2002). Numerical support for laser welding of zinc – coated sheets process development. Applied surface science, 195, 297- 303.
[2]. A.P. Mackwood, (2005). Thermal modeling of laser welding and related process: a literature review. Optics & Laser technology, 37, 99-115.
[3]. A.Strauss, L. (1989). Determination of temperature distribution in laser welded heat exchangers with the aid of finite element methods. Optics & Laser Technology, 21(6), 381-387.
[4]. A.Strauss, (1989). Determination of temperature distribution in laser welded heat exchangers with the aid of finite element methods. Optics & Laser Technology, 21(6), 381-387.
[5]. Adam Bokota, (1996). Numerical prediction of the hardened zone in laser treatment of carbon steel. Acta metallurgica, 44 (2), 445-450..

ABSTRACT: The electronic structure and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 have been studied by density functional method in the frame of local density approximation. Gradually reducing the symmetry has been used to establish different cation distribution of the studied compound. This symmetry cracking introduces some evidences for the half-metallicity of Fe3O4. Different experimental distributions, of cations Fe+2 and Fe+3 between tetrahedral A-site and octahedral B-site for spinel structure, have been calculated. The magnetic anisotropy through the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) has been calculated, where the results revealed a pronounced agreement with the experimental results...............

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ABSTRACT: In this work, first results of the development of highly reactive nanocomposites based on metallic nanoparticles for joining components for micro-electro-mechanical systems are presented. Reactive joining of micro-components received much attention in the last decade, as it enables the connection of components without the entire system being exposed to prolonged heat-load. This is important especially for the integration of different materials in microsystems as intrinsic stresses due to large differences in the thermal coefficient of expansion can be prevented. Here we present the general idea and very first results concerning the reactivity of different material combinations.

Keywords: reactive bonding, nano-composite, self-sustaining high-temperature synthesis

[1]. H. Goldschmidt, C. Vautin, Aluminium as a heating and reducing agent, The Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry 6(17), 1898, 543-545.
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ABSTRACT: The self-aggregation of itopride HCl in water at different temperatures has been studied. Critical aggregation concentrations (CAC) and the degree of ionization (α) have been determined by conductivity measurements over the temperature range from 293.15 – 318.15 K. The thermodynamics parameters of self-aggregation; the standard Gibbs energy change G°m, the standard enthalpy change, Δ H°m, and the standard entropy change, Δ S°m, were calculated applying the pseudo-phase model.............

Keywords: Itopride HCl,1HNMR,Conductivity,Thermodynamics,Self-aggregation

[1]. S.C. Sweetman, Martindale, the complete drug reference (London: The Pharmaceutical Press, 2009).
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activity in vitro and in vivo, The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 306(2), 2003, 787–793.
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sodium and itopride hydrochloride by four spectrophotometric methods, Spectrochimica Acta Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular
Spectroscopy, 137, 2015, 463–470.
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ABSTRACT: The mechanism produced the Strong Spinning Magnetic Force (SMFs), or the strong force is re-visited, in which an opposite Spinning Magnetic Field (SMF) of an electron and proton interacted to produce the particle neutron, which is stabilized within the nucleus due to attachment to the proton's SMF; the reversed of this mechanism is developed when neutron is forced out of to emerged from the nucleus, within a period of 15 minutes, the similar SMF of electron and proton within the neutron, opposed each others, creating a state of agitation leading to spiral movement............

Keywords: Weak Force; Strong Force; Nuclear Force; Spinning Magnetic Field (SMF); Strong Spinning Magnetic Force (SMFs); beta decay; Weak Spinning Magnetic Force (𝐹𝑊).

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ABSTRACT: From the digitizing of historical marigrams, hourly measurements of water levels have been achieved. To analyze these data, an filter low-passed and an harmonic analyze was used. The tide oscillations are dominant in the lagoon. The tidal wave (M2) runs from the Digue-Ouest to Quai-Nord with decreasing amplitude and a speed of 1.7 m/s within 1h1836s. The amplitude ratio of the M2 wave between the two stations (Digue Ouest / Quai Nord) is equal to 1.49.

Keywords: Marigram, tidal wave, Vridi channel, Digue-Ouest, Quai-Nord, Ebrié lagoon).

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ABSTRACT: The dipolar complexation involving substituted Benzaldehyde and three alcohols namely 1-Butanol, Iso-butanol, and P-cresol in a non-polar CCl4 were determine at 303k. The dipole moment of the complex are calculated from the dielectric data using by Huysken' s method based on Onsager theory .The dipolar increment were obtained from the bond angle data. The result were interpreted the nature of complexation.

Keywords: Dielectric Parameters, H-bonding, Huysken s' method, Anisaldehyde, O-Chlorobenzaldehyde, Dipolar increment.

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ABSTRACT: The ground state (μg) and the excited state (μe) dipole moments of three fluorescent molecules namely 5-chloro-2-phenylindole (CPI), 5-methyl-2-phenylindole (MPI) and 1, 3-diphenyl benzene (MT) were studied at room temperature in various solvents. The ground state dipole moments (μg) of all the three fluorescent molecules were determined experimentally by Guggenheim method. The excited state dipole moments (μe) were estimated from Lippert's, Bakshiev's and Chamma Viallet's equations by using the variation of the Stokes shift with the solvent dielectric constant and refractive index..........

Keywords: Fluorescent molecules; Ground state dipole moments; Excited state dipole moments; Solvatochromic shift method

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ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to measure the background radiation exposure from indiscriminate waste dumps in Arkilla Industrial Area of Sokoto State. All measurements were performed by a hand held survey meter Digilert 50 which is calibrated in USA. In order to account for average human height of exposure to background radiation, 1 meter above the ground (see level) was maintained during the measurement of 44 sample points. Also to avoid effects of other sources of radiation from the ground during measurement, the detector was placed 6 meter away from buildings due to unwanted effects of the materials used in the buildings..........

Keywords: Effective dose, Arkilla- Sokoto, Digilert 50, Background radiation

[1] Adeleye, O. A., & Akande, S. O., Mineralogical and geochemical studies of phosphate nodules in the Dange Formation Sokoto
basin, north western Nigeria. Jour. Mining & Geol., 40(2), 2004, 101-106.
[2] Ahijjo, Y. M. and Umar, S., A Theoretical Model Of Health Implications Due To Potasium-40 Prevalence In Sokoto Basin: A Case
Study Of Dange-Shuni. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science Studies (JMESS) ISSN: Vol. 1 Issue 1, 2015, 2912-
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[4] Büyükuslu, H., Kaplan, A. and Yıldırım, G., Natural Background Radiation Measurements of a Base Station in Yalvaç County. Çankaya Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Journal of Arts and Sciences Sayı: 12 / Aralık. 2009 201-206
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ABSTRACT: In the present work a general formalism for constructing the even (odd) non-linear pair coherent states has been introduced which in special case lead to the standard coherent states. Since the construction of nonclassical states is a central topic of quantum optics, nonclassical features and quantum statistical properties of the introduced states have been investigated. The second-order correlation function has been used to discuss some nonclassical properties of the photon distribution of the state. The quadrature variances has been used to examine the behavior of the phenomenon of squeezing. The discussion is extended to include the quasiprobability distribution functions (W-Wigner and Q-functions). Also the Pegg - Barnett phase is considered.

Keywords: Nonclassical states, Squeezing phenomenon, phase distribution, Quasi-distribution functions

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ABSTRACT: Conventional solid state reaction technique has been used to synthesis of Cu1-xMgxFe2O4 (x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) ferrites and sintered at 11500C, 11750C, 12000C for 2 hours. The effect of different sintering temperatures as well as variation of Mg contents brought applicable changes in the microstructure and magnetic properties of Cu-Mg spinel ferrites. The bulk density, B and average grain size, Dm increases with increasing sintering temperature for any individual composition. However they are found to decrease with increasing Mg contents for any particular sintering temperature. The real part of permeability, ʹ is also found similar trends as in bulk density and grain size.........

Keywords: Ferrites, Solid state reaction, Grain size, Permeability, B-H loop.

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ABSTRACT: Detector efficiency is one of the main parameters in a radiation detection system. The detection efficiency of a 3" × 3" NaI detector was estimated experimentally and calculated by using MCNP method at energies of 661.7, 834.8, 1173.2, and 1332.5 keV obtained from 137Cs, 54Mn and 60Co radioactive sources at different distances between the detector and source. The results obtained from MCNP calculations are compared with the experimental results. A good agreement was found between calculations and experimental values with average differences from -1.49 % to 1.87 %.

Keywords: NaI detector, efficiency, Experimental, MCNP.

[1]. Wagenaar, D. J., Chowdhury, S., Engdahl, J. C., Burckhardt, D. D., "Planar image quality comparison between a CdZnTe prototype and a standard NaI(Tl) gamma camera", Nucl. Inst. Meth. A505, pp. 586-589, 2003.
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ABSTRACT: Electron irradiation on the Al/n-CdS Schottky barrier diode (SBD) was carried out by using 8 MeV electrons over a range of doses from 10 kGy to 75 kGy. Current-voltage (I–V) and capacitance-voltage (C–V) characteristics of the SBD were studied at room temperature. Diode parameters such as the ideality factor, series resistance, and Schottky barrier height were calculated from forward I–V characteristics. Effects of irradiation on the carrier concentration, depletion layer width and barrier height were studied from C–V characteristic..........

Keywords: CdS thin film, current – voltage, capacitance – voltage characteristics, electron irradiation, Schottky barrier diode.

[1]. S. S. Hegedus and B. E. McCandless, CdTe contacts for CdTe/CdS solar cells: effect of Cu thickness, surface preparation and recontacting on device performance and stability, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 88, 2005, 75–95.
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[3]. N. Hernandez-Como, S. Moreno, I. Mejia and M A Quevedo-Lopez, Low- temperature processed ZnO and CdS photodetectors deposited by pulsed laser deposition, Semicond. Sci. Technol., 29, 2014, 085008.
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ABSTRACT: A series of transparent glasses with the composition 70B2O3-(30-x)Na2O–xZnO ( x= 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mol%) were prepared and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultrasonic studies. XRD analysis confirmed the glassy nature of the prepared samples. The compositional dependence of the glass transition (Tg), crystallization (Tc) and melting (Tm) temperatures were determined by DTA investigations.........

Keywords: DTA, FTIR, ultrasonic velocity, rigidity.

[1]. B. Sumalatha, I. Omkaram, T. Rajavardhana RaO, Ch. Linga Raju, Physica. B Condenser matter. 411(2013) 99-105.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this work is to identify the Constituents of Gum Arabic type Acacia seyal.var.seyal. using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Five Samples of the gum were collected from different locations within the gum belt of Sudan. The samples were irradiated with pulse Nd-YAG laser of pulse energy equal 80mj, The resultant emission spectra were recorded and each spectral line in the spectra were identified .It was found that the sample contain the elements C, O, H, N. Br, Ar, S, P, and the major cation Mg, Ca, K, Na, in addition to trace heavy metals Fe, Cr, Th and Ti

Keywords: LIBS; emission spectroscopy; laser in Gum Arabic (Acacia Seyal)

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ABSTRACT: Thin alloy films of ZnMnGeAs were grown on Si substrates. Magnetization and resistance measurements were used to show that the ZnMnGeAs film samples have magnetic transitions above room-temperature. From hysteresis in magnetic field dependent magnetization measurements, the transitions were confirmed to be a ferromagnetic phase transitions. Magnetoresistance (MR) was measured in the deposited films, showing negative and positive MR effects depending on the temperature. The Hall measurements showed that ZnMnGeAs films have n-type carriers

Keywords: ZnMnGeAs, room-temperature ferromagnetism, diluted magnetic semiconductors, thin films

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