IOSR-JAP   Volume-9 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-August 2017

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Infrared Remote Sensing of Solar-induced Physiological Parameters of Manihot esculenta Canopy
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Taiwo Adekolawole
	:	10.9790/4861-0904010112

ABSTRACT: This communication reports the direct measurement of Solar-induced canopy reflectance, fluorescence intensity, fluorescence, Chlorophyll luminescence, canopy Moisture and Canopy Temperature of Manihot esculenta using a multispectral radiometer. The stakes chosen from old Manihot esculenta (8-12 months old) was planted, using standard procedures, on well-drained fertile sandy soil, vertically by pushing lower part of the stakes of about 5cm depth into the ridges.............

Keywords: Direct measurement, Physiological properties, Multispectral Radiometer, Manihot esculenta

[1] Anderson K., Milton E.J.& Rollin E.M.(2011) Remote sensing of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence: Review of methods and applications (2000-2011). Remote Sens. Environ.113:2037–2051.
[2] Carter G.A. (1993). Responses of leaf spectral reflectance to plant stress. American Journal of Botany 80:239-243.
[3] Cendrero-Mateo M.P., Porcar-Castell A. & Moran M.S. (2015) Dynamic response of plant Chlorophyll Fluorescence to light, water, and nutrient availability Functional Plant Biology 42, 746–757.
[4] Daughtry, C.S.T., Walthall, C.L., Kim, M.S., de Colstoun, E.B., McMurtrey III, J.E. (2000) Estimating Corn Leaf Chlorophyll Concentration from Leaf and Canopy Reflectance Remote Sens. Environ. 74, 229-239.
[5] El-Sharkawy M.A. (2005) Response of cassava to prolonged water stress imposed at different stages of growth Exp. Agric.38, 333–350.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Comparative Study of Different Immobilization of Strontium inLiSr2(PO4)3 Crystal through Hydrothermal Process
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Y.N. Vaidyanath || K.G. Ashamanjari || M. Mylarappa || M.S. Bhargava Ramu || K.R. Vishnu Mahesh || S.C. Prashantha || H.P. Nagaswarupa || N. Raghavendra
	:	10.9790/4861-0904011319

ABSTRACT: The main objective of the present study was to synthesis the different immobilization of Sr+2 in LiSr2(PO4)3crystals using soft hydrothermal method at moderate pressure and temperature conditions.The powder X-ray diffraction confirms that, the synthesized LiSr2(PO4)3material has very good phase purity and crystalline with rhombohedralstructure.The energy-disperse X-ray (EDX) spectroscopic analysis shows their elemental composition correlating well with that of the strontium.Observation through a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) shows that microstructures of good quality and exhibited smooth surface, sub transparent and sub vitreous lustre. The FTIR studies was used to determine whether the bond structures were affected from the doping or not and revealed that the presence of O-H molecules and minute structural variations of synthesized materials...........

Keywords: Hydrothermal synthesis, LiSr2 (PO4)3, FTIR, Thermal studies, Electrical studies

[1] I. Hsin Chou and Chin-Feng Fan, Progress in Nuclear Energy 52 (5), 2010, 470-480.
[2] Ashish Bohre and O.P. Shrivastava, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 433, 2013, 486-493.
[3] Padhi A.K., Nanjunda Swamy K.S., Masquelier C., S and Okada, J.B,Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 144, 1997, 1609.
[4] P. Tang, N.A and W. Holzwarth, Physical Review B 68, 2003, 165107.
[5] Jugovic D., and Uskokovic D., Journal of Power Sources, 190, 2009, 538..

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Electronic spectral studies and thermodynamic parameters of 5-Fluoro -1, 3- Dimethyl Uracil
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Lalit Kumar || Jyoti Chaudhary
	:	10.9790/4861-0904012022

ABSTRACT: The ultraviolet absorption spectra of this molecules have been recorded in various solvents. Thermodynamic parameters such as total energy, zero-point energy, rotational constants dipole moment, thermal energy, specific heat and entropy of 5-Fluoro-1, 3-Dimethyl Uracil are calculated. The plots of thermodynamic parameters have been given in following paper.

Keywords: Ultraviolet absorption, thermodynamic parameters, 5-1,3FDMU etc.

[1] 1. J. G.. Contreras, V. Seguel, Spectrochim. Acta A 48, 525 (1992).
[2] A. Pullman, Pullman, Adv, Hetrocycl. Chem. 13, 77(1971).
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[4] RA Cox; Quart. Rev.; 1968; 22; 499.
[5] R.E. Handshumacher and A.D. Welch, "The nucleic acids" (Academic Press, New York ) 1960..

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Identification of Very Low Frequency (VLF) Whistlers transients using Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN)
Country	:	India
Authors	:	D.K. Sondhiya || S.K. Kasde || Dishansh Raj Upwar || A.K. Gwal
	:	10.9790/4861-0904012329

ABSTRACT: The automatic identification of VLF whistler transients is an important practical goal for ionospheric and magnetospheric science because they give useful information regarding propagating medium particularly of the plasmasphere. We have developed a neural network based system to identify four types of whistlers (i.e diffuse, dispersive, multipath and spicky) recorded by DEMETER (Detection of electromagnetic emission form earthquake region) satellite...........

Keywords: Ionosphere, Wavelet transform, Feature extraction, Neural Network, VLF Whistlers

[1] R.A. Helliwell, Whistlers and Related Ionospheric Phenomena, (Stanford University Press, Stanford, USA, 1965).

[2] D.L. Carpenter and R.L. Smith, Whistler measurements of electron density in the magnetosphere, Reviews of Geophysics, 2, 1964, 415 - 441.

[3] R.P. Singh, A.K. Singh, and D.K. Singh, Plasmaspheric parameters as determined from whistler spectrograms: a review,Journal of Atmospheric and Solar - Terrestrial Physics, 60, 1998, 495 - 508.

[4] D.L. Carpenter andC. Park, Pioneer of magnetosphere ionosphere coupling research,Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 69, 2007, 351 - 361.

[5] M.J. LeDocq, D.A. Gurnett and R.R. Anderson, Electron number density fluctuations near the plasmapause observed by the CRRES spacecraft, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99 (23), 1994, 661.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Comparision of Molecular Geometry Based On Ab Initio (HF) and DFT (B3LYP) and Thermodynamic Parameters of 2-Amino-4-Methoxy-6-Methyl Pyrimidine
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Lalit Kumar || Jyoti Chaudhary
	:	10.9790/4861-0904013033

ABSTRACT: Theoretical geometric parameters (bond lengths, bond angles and dihedral angle ) were calculated using ab initio Hartree Fock (HF) and density functional B3LYP method with 6-31+G (d, p) and 6-31++G(d,p) basis set. Thermodynamic parameters such as total energy,zero-point energy, rotational constants dipole moment, thermal energy, specific heat and entropy of 2-amino-4-methoxy-6-methyl pyrimidine are calculated. The plots of thermodynamic parameters have been given in following paper.

Keywords: HF, DFT, 2,4,6-AMMP etc.

[1] Polak & H.J. Scholer, Chemotherapy; 1975; 21; 113.
[2] R.E. Handshumacher & A.D. Welch, "The nucleic acids" (Academic Press, New York) 1960.
[3] R.C. Lord & J.G. Thomas Jr., Spectrochimica Acta, 23(A), 2551 (1967).
[4] V.K. Rastogi, Y.C. Sharma, S. N. Sharma, R.E. Hester Eds. & R.B. Girling (Royal Soc. of CHem.) 403 (1991)
[5] T. Shimanguchi, M. Tsuboind Y.Kyogobu, Adv. Chem. Phys. (Inter Science, New York) 7(P), 435 (1964).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Thermoelectric Power Measurement of Gel Grown Strontium Oxalate Crystals
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Paresh Vasantlal Dalal
	:	10.9790/4861-0904013436

ABSTRACT: Thermo Electric Power (TEP) measurement of gel grown strontium oxalate crystals was carried out. Different parameters such as Fermi energy and mode of scattering were calculated. To calculate Fermi energy and scattering parameter of a material, a graph of Seebeck coefficient(S) versus reciprocal of temperature difference (1/ΔT) is plotted. The slope of the graph is 26.92 mV and intercept is 0.179 mV/K, and hence Fermi energy, EF = 0.027 eV. Scattering parameter has calculated 0.425. The experimental value obtained for A = 2.075 is in well agreement to conclude that the conduction of heat in the material may be due to the lattice or phonons and can be associated with lattice or phonon scattering

Keywords: Strontium oxalate, Gel technique, TEP, Fermi energy, Mode of scattering

[1] G. Mahan, Good Thermo electrics, Solid State Physics, Vol. 51, 1998, pp. 81-157.
[2] H. Goldsmid, J. Cochrane, Solar thermoelectric generators. Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Thermoelectric Energy Conversion, Arlington, TX, USA, 1982
[3] F. Rosi, Thermoelectricity and thermoelectric power generation, Solid-State Electron., Vol.11,1968, pp. 833-848.
[4] C. Wood, Materials for thermoelectric energy conversion, Rep. Prog. Phys., Vol. 51, 1988, pp.459-539.

[5] H. Goldsmid, and R. Douglas, The use of semiconductors in thermoelectric refrigeration, Brit. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 5, 1954, pp. 386.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Aberrations in Theories of Optical Aberrations
Country	:	India
Authors	:	P. Rama Krishna || D. Karuna Sagar
	:	10.9790/4861-0904013743

ABSTRACT: Optical imaging systems find applications from medicine to military, nano chip to deep space. Their imaging efficiency is deteriorated by Aberrations. Aberration theory has very long history of development. Different types of aberrations, different notations of their description are available in the literature. Often a situation of ambiguity arises for an interdisciplinary scholar to understand them. This paper emphasizes the need of commonness and presents an effort to put them at one place.

Keywords: Optical imaging, Aberrations, Zernike polynomials, ENZ theory

[1]. W. T. Welford, Aberrations of Optical Systems, (Adam Hilger, Bristol, UK, 1991)
[2]. R. Kingslake, R. B. Johnson, Opt.Photon News,5, 1994, 20-23
[3]. W. J. Smith, Modern Optical Engineering, (McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 2007)
[4]. D. G. Flagello et. al., Theory of high-NA imaging in homogeneous thin films, JOSA A ,13,1996, 53-64
[5]. H. H. Hopkins, On the diffraction theory of optical images, Proc. R. Soc., London, Ser.A,217, 1953, 408-432

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Structural and Elastic Studies of Strontium Doped Manganese Borate Glasses
Country	:	India
Authors	:	P.Vasantharani || S. Neelayathashi alias Vichitra
	:	10.9790/4861-0904014449

ABSTRACT: Ternary Strontium Borate glasses were prepared using the conventional melt- quenching method. Longitudinal and shear velocities were measured at 4 MHz at room temperature by Pulse Echo technique. Density is measured using the Archimedes principle. Elastic properties, Debye Temperature and micro hardness have been investigated using the measured velocities and densities. Results indicate that these parameters increase as the composition of SrO increases in the manganese borate glasses.

Keywords: Archimedes principle, Elastic moduli, Ultrasonic velocities

[1]. W.D Kingrey, Introduction to ceramics (Marcell Dekkar Inc.,) 1976, 102.
[2]. A.Terczynska-Madej, K.cholewa-Kowalska,M.laczka. The effect of silicate network modifiers on colour and electron spectra of transition metal ions, Opt.Mater . 32(11) , 2010, 1456-1462.
[3]. P.Venkat Reddy, C.Laxmi Kanth,V.Prashanth Kumar,N.veeraiah, P.Kistaiah. Optical and thermoluminescence properties of R2O-RF-B2O3 glass systems doped with MnO, J.Non-Cryst.Solids . 351, 2005, 3752 -3759.
[4]. A.K.Arof, S.Radhakrishna. Raman spectroscopic studies of silver borotungstate Battery Materials, Mater.Sci.Eng. B. 38 (1-2), 1996,76-79. [5]. Souto, S., M. Massot, M. Balkanski and D. Royer. Density and ultrasonic velocities in fast ionic conducting borate glasses, Mater. Sci. Eng.B. 64, 1999, 33-38.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Zn Doping in CdS Thin Films on Structural, Morphological and Optical Characterization
Country	:	India
Authors	:	B. S. Munde || L. S. Ravangave
	:	10.9790/4861-0904015053

ABSTRACT: In this particular experiment we employ Chemical Bath deposition Technique. Initially the bath parameters such as temperature, pH of the precursors, molarity of the solutions, deposition time were optimized for synthesis of CdS thin films. Using above optimized parameters, we prepare Cd1-xZnxS thin films for the study of effect of Zn concentration on various properties of the films. The structural, Morphological and optical characterization were investigated. The XRD spectra of the Cd1-xZnxS films exhibit the hexagonal crystal structure with preferential orientations at (100), (002), (101), (203), (102), (110), (200) and (004) planes. The planes (101), (002), (100) exhibited the wurtzite (hexagonal type) structure. XRD pattern shows increase in half width at full maximum with Zn content............

Keywords: CdZnS Thin films, Optical Properties, Chemical Bath Deposition Method.

[1]. A.R. West, 'Solid State Chemistry' John willey and Sons, Singapore, (2003)
[2]. K. L. Chopra, 'Thin Film Phenomena', McGraw Hill, New York (1969)
[3]. Y. Gao, H. Niu, C. Q. Chen, Chem. Phys. Lett. 367 (1-2) (2003) 141
[4]. Zeng Acosta, R.E., Romankiw, L.T., Von Gutfeld, R. J. Thin Sol. Films 95 (1982) 131
[5]. Becker, J. S. Atomic Layer Deposition of Metal Oxide and Nitride Thin Films, Ph. D. Thesis, Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts (2002).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Silicon Heterostructures as High Performance Field Effect Transistor
Country	:	Kenya
Authors	:	G. K. Yegon
	:	10.9790/4861-0904015459

ABSTRACT: The advances in Silicon technology have driven the MOSFET device fabrication towards submicron regime. Despite all these advances in technology special effects come into play such as velocity overshoot, short channel effects and Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL). For MOSFET with large geometry, they experience a number of effects ranging from low clock frequencies due to high input capacitance, high threshold voltage hence high power consumption and lower trans-conductance. As the dimensions are scaled down, the drain current increases, evidence that sub-micron devices have better performance as compared to un-scaled devices............

Keywords: MOSFET, short channel effects, velocity overshoot, DIBL, silicon

[1] Y.Tsividis and C. McAndrew, Operation and modeling of the MOS transistor (Oxford University Press, New York, 3rd ed., 2011).
[2] S. M., Sze, and k. Ng, Kwok, Physics of Semiconductor Devices (John Wiley & Sons Inc. 3rd ed., 2007).
[3] Hutagalung, S. D., Scaling CMOS to the Limit, IBM J. Res. Dev. Vol. 46, 2002
[4] M.S., Tyagi, Introduction to Semiconductor Materials and Devices (John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1991).
[5] F. Assideraghi et al, IEEE, Electron Device Letters, Vol. 14 no. 6, June, 1993..

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Comparison on Weighing Instrument Calibration between Eramed Kosovo and GDM Albania
Country	:	Albania
Authors	:	Luljeta Disha || Defrim Bulku || Antoneta Deda
	:	10.9790/4861-0904016063

ABSTRACT: The General Directorate of Metrology (GDM) Albania, signed the agreement on collaboration with the Accredited Laboratory ERAMED N.T.SH from Kosovo, to conduct a proficiency testing (PT) in the field of calibration of weghing instrument. Usually testing and calibrating laboratories work with ISO/IEC 17025 standard, one of which requirements is that the laboratories should have quality control procedures for monitoring the validity of tests and calibrations undertaken...............

Keywords: calibration, normalized error, proficiency testing, uncertainty, weighing instrument

[1] OIML Recommendation R 76-1 "General requirements for metrological and technical characteristics" of NAWI. 2006
[2] EURAMET, cg -18 "Guidelines on the Calibration of Non-automatic Weighing Instruments", Version 4.0 /2015
[3] Weights of classes E1, E2, F1, F2, M1, M1-2, M2, M2-3 and M3, International recommendation OIML R111-1, OIML, (Paris), 2004
[4] Adriana Valcu, "Between Parallel Mirrors – An Electronic Weighing Instrument", Proc. 9th International symposium on advanced topics in electrical engineering, Bucuresti, 2015.
[5] Cox M. G. 2002, Metrologia 39 589-595

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Solubility and Density of Silver Iodide in Water and DMF at Various Temperatures as Function of Potassium Iodide
Country	:	India
Authors	:	U P Shinde || H S Aher || T B Pawar
	:	10.9790/4861-0904016467

ABSTRACT: The solubility of silver iodide (AgI) in water, dimethyl formamide (DMF), KI + Water, and KI + DMF were measured using an analytical gravimetric method at temperatures ranging from (298.15 to 315.15) K. The densities of the saturated solutions are also reported. The results are interpreted in the form of enthalpy change ΔH.

Keywords: Silver iodide, solubility, density, potassium iodide, molar enthalpy, molar entropy, Gibbs energy.

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[2]. J A F Lozano, Recovery of Potassium Magnesium Sulfate Double Salt from Seawater Bittern. Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1976, 15, 445−447.
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[5]. D R Lide, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 79th ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, pp 8−108..