IOSR-JAP   Volume-9 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-August 2017

ABSTRACT: This paper is all about explaining the role of dark energy in the accelerated expansion of universe by using simple mathematical tools. The aim of this paper is to render the complicated idea of expansion of universe in simple mathematics so that the people with less profound mathematical foundation can also understand this concept.

[1] Lectures of Dr. Physics A.
[2] Space-time and geometry (An introduction to General Relativity) by Sean M. Carroll.

ABSTRACT: Pure and zinc sulphate doped L(+)- tartaric acid crystals were grown by slow evaporation technique from aqueous solution. The concentration of zinc sulphate used in the present study is 0.005M, 0.01M and 0.05M. X-ray diffraction data were collected for powder samples and used for the estimation of lattice variation and thermal parameters like Debye–Waller factor, mean-square amplitude of vibration and Debye temperature. The variation of lattice volume of the grown crystals was found which shows that the dopant has entered into the crystal lattice. The thermal parameters of pure and zinc sulphate doped L(+)- tartaric acid single crystals do not follow any particular order.

Keywords: L (+)-tartaric acid crystals, PXRD, lattice parameters, Debye–Waller factors, Debye temperatures.

[1] VG Dmitriev, GG Gurzadyan and DN Nicogosyan, Handbook of nonlinear optical crystals (NewYork: Springer-Verlag, 1999).
[2] P Gnanasekaran and J Madhavan, L- arginine acetate single crystals for NLO applications, Indian J. Sci. Technol. 7, 2008, 1.
[3] K Moovendaran, V Jayaramakrishnan, S Natarajan, Optical Studies on L‐Tartaric acid and L‐Prolinium Tartrate, Photonics and Optoelectronics (P&O), 3, 2014, 9.
[4] S Suresh, D Arivuoli, Growth, theoretical, optical and dielectric properties of L‐tartaric acid NLO single crystals, J. Optoelectronics and Biomedical Materials, 3, 2011, 63.
[5] S A Martin Britto Dhas, M Suresh, G Bhagavannarayana, S Natarajan,Growth and characterization of L‐Tartaric acid, an NLO material, J. Cryst. Growth, 309, 2007, 48

ABSTRACT: Gallstone formation is the primary underlying disease that results in gall bladder illness. Gallstone formation in the gall bladder is a common disease and constitutes a major health problem in the world wide. Cholesterol gallstones, pigment gallstones and mixed gallstones are formed in gallbladder. The aim of the study is to determine the constituents and their compositions of gallstones using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The study reveals that cholesterol stones and mixed stones type of gallstones were predominant whereas pigment stones were less frequent in the selected region.

Keywords: Gallstone, Gall bladder, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

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[3] V. Jayanthi, R. Prasanthi, G. Sivakumar, R. Surendran, V. Srinivas, S. Mathew, S. Rajakumar, C. Palanivelu, A. Ramesh, K. Prabhakar, G. Subramaniyan, B. Ramathilakam and S.Vijaya, Epidemiology of gallstones disease-top line finding, Bombay hospital J.,41, 1999, 495-502.
[4] I.J. Beckingham, ABC of diseases of liver, Pancreas and biliary system Gallstone diseases, BMJ, 322, 2001, 91-94.
[5] P.F. Malet, A. Takabayashi, B.W. Trotman, R.D. Soloway and N.E. Weston, Black and brown pigment gallstones differ in
microstructure and composition, Hapatology, 4, 1984, 227-234..

ABSTRACT: Carbon is unique in its own ways, the most special attribute of carbon is that it can make rings and long chains; even life on the earth is possible due to this property of carbon. Graphene is the first two-dimensional material and it has many outstanding properties which have resulted in many exciting applications. Graphene is claimed to be so versatile that it will be able to replace present day materials. It is thought to be the perfect two-dimensional carbon crystal as it is the unique blend of properties both mechanical and electronics................

Keywords: Graphene, properties ,tissue engineering, bio-micro robotics, drug delivery, bio-imaging, transistors, spin transport device, hall effect sensors, transparent conducting electrodes, conductive ink, quantum dots, photodetector, LED, optical limiters, touch screen, terahertz devices.

[1] A. K. Geim, "Random Walk to Graphene (Nobel Lecture)," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2011.
[2] S. W. S. N. H. S. S. &. B. M. Balendhran, "Elemental analogues of graphene: silicene, germanene, stanene, and phosphorene," vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 640-652, 2015.
[3] H. P. C. A. F. G. O. &. H. U. Boehm, "Das adsorptionsverhalten sehr dünner kohlenstoff‐folien," Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, pp. 119-127, 1962.
[4] L. R. S. &. C. J. Foa Torres, "Introduction to Graphene-Based nanomaterials: from electronic structure to quantum transport," Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-10, 2014.
[5] A. D. S. A. J. S. J. G. S. a. C. T. G. Cameron J Shearer, "Accurate thickness measurement of graphene," Nanotechnology, pp. Volume 27, Number 12, 2016..

ABSTRACT: Polymer nanocomposites of Polypyrrole and Nickel zinc iron oxide (NiZnFe2O4) are prepared by in-situ polymerisation using Ammonium persulphate as oxidising agent. Various nanocomposites have been prepared by varying the level of additive material NiZnFe2O4. The formation of nanocomposites and changes in the structural and microstructural properties were investigated by using XRD, FTIR, and SEM analysis. The size of the particle was analysed by XRD using Scherrer equation and found to be in the range of 15nm - 20nm. The lattice parameters were evaluated by W-H plots.............

Keywords: Polypyrrole, nanocomposite, conductivity, NiZnFe2O4, Activation energy, XRD.

[1] DR Paul, LM Robeson (2008) Polymer nanotechnology: Nanocomposites Polymer 49: 3187-3204
[2] H Arami, M Mazloumi, R Khalifehzadeh, S Hojjati Emami, SK Sadrnezhaad (2007) Polypyrrole/multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposites electro polymerized on copper substrate Materials Letters. 61: 4412- 4415
[3] L Mikoliunaite, et.al ; (2014) Development of gold nanoparticle-polypyrrole nanocomposites chemija. 25 : 63-69
[4] J Jancar , (2010) Current Issues in Research on Structure-Property Relationships in Polymer Nanocomposites Polymer. 51: 3321-3343.
[5] Lin-Xia Wang , Xin-Gui Li , Yu-Liang Yang, (2001) Preparation, properties and applications of polypyrroles Reactive & Functional Polymers 47:125-139

ABSTRACT: Eu3+ doped Sr2SiO4 phosphors were prepared by high temperature solid state diffusion method. The starting materials Strontium carbonate SrCO3 and silicate SiO3 are used to prepare Sr2SiO4 Phosphor TG/DTA and XRD analysis suggest a direct reaction between SrCO3 and SiO2 powders. The crystallite size of powders samples were calculated from X-ray peak broadening of the diffraction using Scherer's formula. The calculated average crystallite size of the Sr2SiO4 phosphor is 22 nm...............

Keywords: Sr2SiO4, solid state diffusion method, SEM, Phosphor.

[1] Pradip Z. Zambare and O.H. Mahajan Invertis Journal of Science and Technology, 6(3), (2013), 150-154.
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[3] Liu Jie, Lian Hongzhou, SUN Jiayue, Chem Lett, 34(10), (2005) 1340-1343.
[4] Zeng Q., Tanng H. Egoshi K., Appl Phys Lett, 88(051996) (2006), 1-3.
[5] Yang Zhimping, Liu Yufeng, Acta Phys Sin, 55(09) (2006) 4946-4950.

ABSTRACT: The spectral characterization of 2,5- Dichloro aniline (2,5 DCA) were carried out by using FT-IR, FT-Raman, the NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. The simulated vibrational spectra of the molecule are compared with the experimental spectra. The structural optimization has been performed on the title molecule using HF and density functional theory (DFT) with basis sets 6-31+G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p)...........

Keywords: FT-IR, FT-Raman, NMR, UV analysis and Fukui function.

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[3] N. Sundaraganesana, J. Karpagama, S. Sebastiana, J.P. Cornard, Spectrochimica Acta Part A 73 (2009) 11–19.
[4] Amareshwar Kumar Raia, Sanjay Kumarb, Anita Raic, Vibrational Spectroscopy, 42 ( 2006) 397-402.
[5] Mehmet Karabacak, Mustafa Kurt, Ahmet Ataç, Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry, 22 (2009) 321–330.

ABSTRACT: Some useful electrical components like resistance, capacitor, self inductor and also mutual- inductor can be measured easily and accurately by different experiments. But experimentally to measure all these components at a time, no single methods or apparatus are easily available, different methods are used to measure different components. In this experimental study, a new method (A.C bridge) is developed to measure all the above mentioned components and also accurately. The proposed method is nothing but modified form of the existing bridge and some mathematical deductions are applied for the measurement of these components.

Keywords: Bridge, Components, Electronic, Mutual inductance, Self inductances

[1] S.Prakash, Electricity and Magnetism. Meerut, India, Pragati Prakasan, 2016.
[2] K.K.Tewari, Electricity and Magnetism, New Delhi, India, S, Chand & Company Ltd. 2011
[3] U.Sinha, Electrical and Electronics Measurements and Instrumentation, Reprint 1992, pp. 144-164.
[4] R, K. Rajput, Electrical Measurement and Measuring Instrument, Edition 2008, pp. 505-536.
[5] Ms, Shrutika ,K Adu, S,Ahivwar, G, Ramalakshimi, Measurement of unknown Inductance and Capacitance by A.C Bridge ,IJEER Vol.3,Issue 3.PP(181-184) September 2015.

ABSTRACT: The Single crystal Q-band EPR studies of Mn (II) doped ammonium catena-di-μ-chromatodiammine cadmium (II), (NH4)2[Cd(NH3)2(CrO4)2] has been carried out at 300 K. Although three magnetic sites are observed, the angular variation for only two sites could be studied. It reveals that the paramagnetic impurities, Mn(II), occupy the substitutional sites in the host Cd (II) lattice. Due to the non-first order nature of the spectrum, all the work had to be carried out at Q-band frequency. The spin Hamiltonian parameters obtained..

Keywords: Angular variation, Electron spin resonance, hyperfine coupling, paramagnetic ions, single crystal,

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