iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2026

Abstract: Fibrosing mediastinitis is a rare benign fibroinflammatory condition, often related to granulomatous infections such as tuberculosis, and characterized by progressive encasement of mediastinal structures. We report a 46-year-old man presenting with respiratory symptoms and weight loss. Computed tomography revealed a right mediastinohilar mass associated with hepatic and adrenal lesions, initially suggesting disseminated metastatic disease. Despite this highly suspicious presentation, histopathological examination ultimately revealed fibrosing mediastinitis. A post-infectious origin, most likely related to tuberculosis, was suspected. This case illustrates a striking diagnostic pitfall in which a benign condition mimics advanced metastatic disease, highlighting the need for histological confirmation before establishing a diagnosis of malignancy.

[1]. Kang H, Jung Mj. Aggressive And Progressive Fibrosing Mediastinitis Involving The Thoracic Spine Mimicking Malignancy: A Case Report. Radiol Case Rep 2019;14(4):490–494. Doi: 10.1016/J.Radcr.2019.02.003
[2]. Hu Y, Qiu Jx, Liao Jp, Et Al. Clinical Manifestations Of Fibrosing Mediastinitis In Chinese Patients. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016;129(22):2697– 2702. Doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.193457
[3]. Loyd Je, Tillman Bf, Atkinson Jb, Et Al. Mediastinal Fibrosis Complicating Histoplasmosis. Medicine (Baltimore) 1988;67:295-310.
[4]. Goodwin Ra, Nickell Ja, Des Prez Rm. Mediastinal Fibrosis Complicating Healed Primary Histoplasmosis And Tuberculosis. Medicine (Baltimore) 1972;51:227-46.
[5]. Bateman K, Chauhan Aj, Singh N, Et Al. Sclerosing Mediastinitis In A Smoker With Suspected Lung Cancer. Respir Med Cme 2010;3:257-9.

Abstract: Background: Glaucoma remains one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide, with intraocular pressure (IOP) being the only modifiable risk factor. While topical medications are the first-line therapy, long-term use is associated with poor compliance, adverse effects, and financial burden. Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) has emerged as a safe alternative. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of selective laser trabeculoplasty as a replacement therapy in patients with medically controlled primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)......

[1]. Casson RJ, Chidlow G, Wood JP, Crowston JG, Goldberg I. Definition Of Glaucoma: Clinical And Experimental Concepts. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012;40(4):341–9.
[2]. Odberg T, Jakobsen JE, Hultgren SJ, Halseide R. The Impact Of Glaucoma On The Quality Of Life Of Patients In Norway. I. Results From A Self-Administered Questionnaire. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2001;79(2):116–20.
[3]. Nordmann JP, Auzanneau N, Ricard S, Berdeaux G. Vision Related Quality Of Life And Topical Glaucoma Treatment Side Effects. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003;1:75.
[4]. Freeman EE, Muñoz B, West SK, Jampel HD, Friedman DS. Glaucoma And Quality Of Life: The Salisbury Eye Evaluation. Ophthalmol. 2008;115(2):233–8.
[5]. Latina MA, Park C. Selective Targeting Of Trabecular Meshwork Cells: In Vitro Studies Of Pulsed And CW Laser Interactions. Exp Eye Res. 1995;60:359–71.

Abstract: Background: Rural areas face unique barriers to adherence, including poor healthcare infrastructure, socioeconomic constraints, and limited awareness.
Objectives: To determine the level of treatment adherence among patients with diabetes and to assess the knowledge and awareness of patients regarding their condition. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a rural area among 90 diabetes patients in a health and wellness centre. Out of all patients attending the Centre, those satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were consecutively selected. Data analysis were done by MS office excel ver.2021 and IBM SPSS ver.2025......

Key Word: Treatment adherence, rural area, diabetes patients.

[1]. K J, Akshithanand Et Al. “Updated B. G. Prasad Scale For Socioeconomic Status Classification For The Year 2024.” Indian Journal Of Pediatrics Vol. 91,6 (2024): 643. Doi:10.1007/S12098-024-05131.
[2]. B, Ajeetha & Ade, Anju & Guthi, Visweswara Rao & Meesala, Lalith. (2025). Medication Adherence And Its Associated Factors Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients Presenting To Health Centres In Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. National Journal Of Community Medicine. 16. 42-49. 10.55489/Njcm.
[3]. Pattnaik, Satyajit Et Al. “Treatment Compliance Among Previously Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetics In A Rural Area In Southern India.” Journal Of Family Medicine And Primary Care Vol. 8,3 (2019): 919-922. Doi:10.4103/Jfmpc.Jfmpc_23_19
[4]. Mukherjee, Shuvankar Et Al. “Compliance To Anti-Diabetic Drugs: Observations From The Diabetic Clinic Of A Medical College In Kolkata, India.” Journal Of Clinical And Diagnostic Research : JCDR Vol. 7,4 (2013): 661-5. Doi:10.7860/JCDR/2013/5352.2876
[5]. Sankar, Uma V Et Al. “The Adherence To Medications In Diabetic Patients In Rural Kerala, India.” Asia-Pacific Journal Of Public Health Vol. 27,2 (2015): NP513-23. Doi:10.1177/1010539513475651

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the clinical profile, injury patterns, and prognostic factors influencing visual outcomes in patients sustaining bystander ocular trauma due to firecrackers. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary eye care center. Medical records of patients presenting with firecracker-related ocular injuries between January 2023 and December 2025 were reviewed. Patients were classified as bystanders if they were not actively involved in igniting fireworks at the time of injury. Demographic details, clinical findings, injury characteristics, management, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at presentation and final follow-up were analyzed......

Key Word: Firecracker injury; ocular trauma; bystander injury; visual outcome; preventable blindness.

[1]. Wisse RP, Bijlsma WR, Stilma JS. Ocular Firework Trauma: A Systematic Review On Incidence, Severity, Outcome And Prevention. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010 Dec;94(12):1586-91. Doi: 10.1136/Bjo.2009.168419. Epub 2009 Oct 20. PMID: 19846415.
[2]. John, Deepa; Philip, Swetha Sara; Mittal, Rashmi; John, Sheeja Susan; Paul, Padma. Spectrum Of Ocular Firework Injuries In Children: A 5-Year Retrospective Study During A Festive Season In Southern India. Indian Journal Of Ophthalmology 63(11):P 843-846, November 2015. | DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.171966.
[3]. Bagri N, Saha A, Chandelia S, Et Al. Fireworks Injuries In Children: A Prospective Study During The Festival Of Lights. Emergency Medicine Australasia : EMA. 2013 Oct;25(5):452-456. DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.12114. PMID: 24099375.
[4]. Malik A, Bhala S, Arya SK, Sood S, Narang S. Five-Year Study Of Ocular Injuries Due To Fireworks In India. Int Ophthalmol. 2013 Aug;33(4):381-5. Doi: 10.1007/S10792-013-9714-X. Epub 2013 Jan 13. PMID: 23315206.
[5]. Kuhn F, Morris R, Witherspoon CD, Heimann K, Jeffers JB, Treister G. A Standardized Classification Of Ocular Trauma. Ophthalmology. 1996 Feb;103(2):240-3. Doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(96)30710-0. PMID: 8594508.

Abstract: Congenital epulis is a rare benign soft tissue tumor predominantly seen in neonates, usually arising from the alveolar ridges. Its occurrence in adults is exceedingly rare, and involvement of the tongue is exceptional. We report a rare case of congenital epulis of the tongue in a 39-year-old female patient who reported to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College, Alappuzha. The lesion presented as a painless, well-circumscribed nodular mass on the dorsal surface of the tongue. Histopathological examination, including review of archived biopsy sections obtained three years earlier, confirmed the diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of considering congenital epulis in the differential diagnosis of tongue lesions in adults.

Key Word: Congenital epulis, granular cell tumor, tongue, adult female, rare oral lesion.

[1]. Neumann E. Ein Fall Von Congenitaler Epulis. Arch Heilk. 1871;12:189–190.
[2]. Lack EE, Perez-Atayde AR, Mcgill TJ, Vawter GF. Gingival Granular Cell Tumor Of The Newborn (Congenital Epulis): Ultrastructural And Immunohistochemical Observations. Am J Pathol. 1982;107(3):289–300.
[3]. Vered M, Dobriyan A, Buchner A. Congenital Epulis: Immunohistochemical Profile Of The Granular Cells. Oral Oncol. 2009;45(6):E176–E179.
[4]. Regezi JA, Sciubba JJ, Jordan RCK. Oral Pathology: Clinical Pathologic Correlations. 7th Ed. Elsevier; 2017.
[5]. Kaiserling E, Ruck P. Congenital Epulis: A Benign Granular Cell Lesion Of Newborns. Pathol Res Pract. 1990;186(4):541–545.

Abstract: Background: Postpartum contraception remains an underutilized strategy for preventing unintended pregnancies and improving maternal and child health outcomes, particularly in developing countries such as India. Despite the availability of multiple contraceptive options, significant gaps persist in knowledge, attitudes, and practices among postpartum women attending tertiary care hospitals. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding contraception among postpartum women at a tertiary care hospital in South India.......

Key Word: Contraception; Knowledge, Attitude, Practice; Postpartum; Family Planning; Tertiary Care Hospital.

[1]. World Health Organization. Family planning/contraception methods. Fact Sheet. Geneva: WHO; 2023. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/family-planning-contraception
[2]. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2022: Summary of Results. New York: United Nations; 2022.
[3]. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ICF. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), India, 2019–21: India Report. Mumbai: IIPS; 2021.
[4]. Borda MR, Winfrey W, McKaig C. Return to sexual activity and modern family planning use in the extended postpartum period: an analysis of findings from seventeen countries. Afr J Reprod Health. 2010;14(4):72–79.
[5]. Cleland J, Conde-Agudelo A, Peterson H, Ross J, Tsui A. Contraception and health. Lancet. 2012;380(9837):149–156.

Abstract: The relationship between orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has been a long-standing clinical debate. Occlusion-based theories of previously supported the notion that malocclusion and its orthodontic treatment may cause or prevent temporomandibular dysfunction but it has been realized today that TMD is multifactorial, to which biological, biomechanical and psychosocial factors are contributory. This narrative review critically reviews contemporary evidence pertaining to both the association between orthodontic therapy and TMD, as well as treatment outcomes associated with fixed appliances, extraction vs non-extraction protocols, functional appliances and orthognathic surgery.......

Key Word: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD); Orthodontic treatment; Temporomandibular joint (TMJ); Malocclusion; Functional appliances.

[1]. The Role Of Occlusal Factor In The Etiology Of Temporomandibular Dysfunction. Dodić S, Sinobad V, Obradović-Djuricić K, Medić V. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2009;137:613–618. Doi: 10.2298/Sarh0912613d.
[2]. Prevalence Of Malocclusion, Oral Parafunctions And Temporomandibular Disorder-Pain In Italian Schoolchildren: An Epidemiological Study. Perrotta S, Bucci R, Simeon V, Martina S, Michelotti A, Valletta R. J Oral Rehabil. 2019;46:611–616. Doi: 10.1111/Joor.12794.
[3]. Prevalence Of Temporomandibular Disorders And Oral Parafunctions In Adolescents From Public Schools In Southern Italy. Paduano S, Bucci R, Rongo R, Silva R, Michelotti A. Cranio. 2020;38:370–375. Doi: 10.1080/08869634.2018.1556893.
[4]. Experimental Methods To Inform Diagnostic Approaches For Painful TMJ Osteoarthritis. Sperry MM, Kartha S, Winkelstein BA, Granquist EJ. J Dent Res. 2019;98:388–397. Doi: 10.1177/0022034519828731.
[5]. Pain Of Temporomandibular Disorders: From Etiology To Management. Wieckiewicz M, Shiau YY, Boening K. Pain Res Manag. 2018;2018:4517042. Doi: 10.1155/2018/4517042.

Abstract: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as key therapeutic agents in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity due to their multifactorial metabolic effects. Beyond glycemic control, these agents modulate inflammatory pathways, energy balance, and tissue homeostasis, raising increasing interest in their potential implications for oral health. This narrative review aimed to analyze current evidence regarding the impact of GLP-1–based therapies on the oral environment, periodontal disease, and peri-implant outcomes.The findings indicate that GLP-1RAs may exert both beneficial and adverse effects within the oral cavity. Potential benefits include anti-inflammatory activity.......

Key Word: GLP-1 receptor agonists; Periodontitis; Oral microbiome; Bone metabolism; Osseointegration.

[1]. Zheng, Z.; Zong, Y.; Ma, Y.; Tian, Y.; Pang, Y.; Zhang, C.; Gao, J. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor: Mechanisms And Advances In Therapy. Signal Transduction And Targeted Therapy, V.9, N.234, 2024.
[2]. Abu-Nejim, H.; Becker, R. C. Current Perspectives On GLP-1 Agonists In Contemporary Clinical Practice From Science And Mechanistic Foundations To Optimal Translation. Current Atherosclerosis Reports, V.27, N.1, 2025.
[3]. Holst, J. J. The Origin And Understanding Of The Incretin Concept. Frontiers In Endocrinology, V.9, 2018.
[4]. Holst, J. J. The Physiology Of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1. Physiological Reviews, V.87, N.4, 2007.
[5]. Müller, T. D.; Finan, B.; Bloom, S. R.; D’Alessio, D.; Drucker, D. J.; Flatt, P. R.; Fritsche, A.; Gribble, F.; Grill, H. J.; Habener, J. F.; Holst, J. J.; Langhans, W.; Meier, J. J.; Nauck, M. A.; Perez-Tilve, D.; Pocai, A.; Reimann, F.; Sandoval, D. A.; Schwartz, T. W.; Seeley, R. J.; Stemmer, K.; Tang-Christensen, M.; Woods, S. C.; Dimarchi, R. D.; Tschöp, M. H. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1). Molecular Metabolism, V.30, 2019.

Abstract: Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a rare, benign tumour of the bone. It represents less than 1% of all bone tumours. We present a case of a 40-year-old male who came with chief complaints of pain and swelling in right leg for 3 months. Radiograph showed features suggestive of large multiloculated osteolytic, radiolucent lesion with thinned out cortices in right proximal tibia, Patient underwent curettage of tumour followed by reconstruction with allograft, biopsy reported as chondromyxoid fibroma.......

Key Word: Chondromyxoid fibroma, Bone tumour, Curettage, Allograft, G Bone.

[1]. Unni KK, Inwards CY. Chondroma In Dahlin’s Bone Tumors. PA, Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2010: 50-59.
[2]. Na K, Park YK. Chondromyxoid Fibroma. Tumors And Tumor-Like Lesions Of Bone. 2020: 305-15.
[3]. Jain AK. Turek’s Orthopaedics Principles And Their Applications. Wolters Kluwer India Pvt Ltd. 2016: 633-634.
[4]. Frederick M. Azar, James H. Beary. Campbell’s Operative Orthopaedics. 14th Ed. Netherlands: Elsevier. 2020: 995-1001.
[5]. WHO Classification Of Tumours Editorial Board. W.H. O. Classification. Soft Tissue And Bone Tumours. 5th Ed. Philippines. International Agency For Research On Cancer. 2020: 362-364.

Abstract: Malaria remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria, which accounts for approximately 27% of the global malaria burden (World Health Organization [WHO], 2023). Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are among the most effective malaria prevention strategies, yet utilization often lags behind ownership. This study assessed household access to ITNs, utilization patterns, and the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and ITN use among residents of Kpakungu community, Minna, Niger State. A descriptive cross-sectional study......

Key Word: Malaria, insecticide-treated nets, utilization, socio-demographic factors, Nigeria.

[1]. Afolabi, A. O., Olatunji, S. O., & Usman, H. B. (2020). Factors Affecting Utilization Of Insecticide-Treated Nets In Rural Nigeria. African Journal Of Public Health, 7(3), 102–110.
[2]. Auta, A. (2012). Demographic Factors Associated With Insecticide-Treated Net Use Among Nigerian Women. North American Journal Of Medical Sciences, 4(1), 40–44[3]. Eisele, T. P., Keating, J., Littrell, M., Larsen, D., & Macintyre, K. (2012). Assessment Of Insecticide-Treated Net Use Among Children And Pregnant Women. American Journal Of Tropical Medicine And Hygiene, 86(4), 557–565.
[4]. Ezire, O., Adebayo, S. B., Bamgboye, E., Et Al. (2015). Determinants Of Insecticide-Treated Net Use In Nigeria. Malaria Journal, 14, 170.
[5]. Lengeler, C. (2004). Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets And Curtains For Preventing Malaria. Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews, (2), CD000363.

Abstract: Tooth preparation for fixed prosthodontics requires precise biomechanical execution to achieve optimal retention, resistance, marginal integrity, periodontal compatibility, and restoration longevity. Dental burs—varying in material, grit size, blade design, and geometry—significantly influence cutting efficiency, surface roughness, pulpal response, and marginal accuracy. Evidence from indexed prosthodontic and restorative dentistry......

Key Word: Dental burs; Prosthodontics; Finish line; Diamond bur; Carbide bur; Pulpal response; Marginal adaptation.

[1]. Goodacre CJ, Campagni WV, Aquilino SA. Tooth Preparations For Complete Crowns. J Prosthet Dent. 2001;85:363-376.
[2]. Rosenstiel SF, Et Al. Influence Of Preparation Design On Restoration Longevity. J Prosthet Dent. 1998.
[3]. Siegel SC, Von Fraunhofer JA. Dental Burs—What Bur For Which Application? J Prosthodont. 1999;8:258-263.
[4]. Ayad MF. Effect Of Preparation Burs On Marginal Fit. J Prosthodont. 2009;18:145-151.
[5]. Banerjee A, Watson TF. Diamond Bur Performance. J Dent. 2000.