iosr-JECE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2016

Abstract: WSN is wireless sensor network which consist of numbers of nodes. Transceiver has main role in WSN node. Transceiver consists of both transmitter as well as receiver. Power amplifier, low noise amplifier, mixer, voltage control oscillator are the main block of Transceiver. Power amplifiers are a key part of RF transmitters. 2.4 GHz RF CMOS power amplifier implemented with SMIC 0.13μm is proposed. After power amplifier low power 2.4 GHz RF CMOS mixer with SMIC 0.13μm is proposed. The main aim is to improve the gain, increase the linearity and figure of merit.

Keywords: power amplifier; mixer; RF CMOS; WSN; operating frequency; Transceiver.

[1] M.Hella, M.Ismail, "RF CMOS Power Amplifiers: Theory, Design and Implementation", Ohio State University.

[2] Ho Ka Wai, "A 1-V CMOS Power Amplifier for Bluetooth Applications"

[3] Kyu Hwan An, "CMOS RF POWER AMPLIFIERS FOR MOBILE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS"

[4] Ravinder Kumar, Munish Kumar, Balraj, "Design and Implementation of a High Efficiency CMOS Power Amplifier for Wireless Communication at 2.45 GHz". 2012 International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies.

[5] Wenyuan Li, Yulong Tan , "2.4GHz Power Amplifier with Adaptive Bias Circuit", Institute of RF- & OE-ICs Southeast University Nanjing, China, 2012 International Conference on Systems and Informatics (ICSAI 2012)

[6] G.Monprasert,P. Suebsombut,T.Pongthavornkamol, S. Chalermwisutkul, "2.45 GHz GaN HEMT Class-AB RF Power Amplifier Design for Wireless Comm -unication Systems", The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, IEEE 2010.

Abstract: Digital Watermarking is a process of embedding information in the multimedia content (host or cover image) for image authentication. An ideal watermarking system would embed an amount of information that could not be removed or altered without making the cover object entirely unusable. Over the past few years digital watermarking has become popular due to its significance in content authentication and legal ownership for digital multimedia data. A digital watermark is a sequence of information containing the owner's copyright. It is inserted invisibly in another image so that it can be extracted at later times for the evidence of rightful
ownership..

[1] G. Bhatnagar and B. Raman, ―A new robust reference watermarking scheme based on DWT-SVD‖,Comput. Standards Interfaces,
Sep 2009, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 1002–1013.
[2] J. Sang and M. S. Alam, ― Fragility and robustness of binary-phase-only filter-Based fragile/semi fragile digital image
watermarking‖, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Mar. 2008, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 595–606.
[3] H.-T. Wu and Y.M. Cheung,― Reversible watermarking by modulation and security enhancement‖, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.,
Jan. 2010, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 221–228.
[4] V. Aslantas, L. A. Dog˘an, and S. Ozturk, ―DWT-SVD based image watermarking using particle swarm optimizer,‖ in Proc. IEEE
Int. Conf. Multimedia Expo, Hannover, Germany, 2008, pp. 241–244.
[5] Doerr, G. and J. Dugelay, ―A guided tour to video watermarking. Signal Processing‖, Image Commun., 2003, 18:263-282.
[6] Chan, P. and M. Lyu,,‖A DWT-based digital video watermarking scheme with error correcting code‖. Lecture Notes Comput. Sci.,
2003.2836: 202-213. DOI: _10 1007/b13930.
[7] X.W Kong, Y. Liu, H.J Liu, and D.L Yang, "Object Watermarks for Digital Images and Video", Image and Vision Computing,
2004, Vol. 22, pp.583-595.

Abstract: Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the last step towards the 4th generation of cellular networks. This revolution is necessitated by the unceasing increase in demand for high speed connection on LTE networks. This thesis mainly focuses on performance evaluation of throughput performance analysis VoIP in the LTE networks. In the course of throughput performance analysis and performance evaluation, simulation approach is realized using simulation tool OPNET 16.

Keywords: Long Term Evolution (LTE), Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Quality of Service (QoS).

[1] General packet radio service (gprs) enhancements for evolved universal terrestrial radio access net- Work (e-utran) access. 3GPP TS 23.401 v. 8.8.0, Dec-2009.

[2] Release 8 V0.0.3 3GPP. "Overview of 3gpp release 8: Summery of all release 8 features". November 2008.

[3] GPP TS 36.71 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA). Physical channels and Modulation. [4] Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestri al Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN). 3gpp ts 36.300. Version 8.11.0, Jan-2010.

[5] H. Ekstrom. QoS control in the 3gpp evolved packet system. IEEE Communications Magazine, Feb. 2009.

[6] K. Aho T. Henttonen J. Puttonen, H.-H. Puup ponen and M. Moisio. Impact of control channel Limitations on the lte VoIP capacity. In 2010.

[7] N. Kolehmainen K. Aschan M. Moisio J. Puttonen, T. Henttonen and P. Kela. Voice-over- ip performance in utra long term evolution downlink. In VTC Spring 2008.

Abstract: Mobile data usage has been on the rise in relation to the streaming media such as video conferencing and on-line multimedia gaming. As a result, Long Term Evolution (LTE) has earned a rapid rise in popularity during the past few years. The aim of this paper thesis is to analyze the video is streamed throughput over LTE. Using OPNET (Optimized Network Engineering Tool), the performance can be simulated having Downlink (DL) and Uplink (UL) scenarios for video conferencing including web traffic. Further we also measured the performance of packet End-to-End (E2E) delay.

Keywords: LTE, Real time application, Video.

[1] Ericsson mobility report. June, 2013.

[2] xiu@sfu.ca Chang Chi-Yuan (Kevin) ckc29@sfu.ca Roshanravan Rouzbeh. rra19@sfu.ca Group, Liu Xiao Fang (Robin), Communication networks project sp14.10.
[3] Junsung Lim Hyung G. Myung and David J. Goodman. Single carrier fdma for uplink wireless transmission. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, Sep. 2006.

[4] Mathew Baker Stefania Sesia Isaam Tou _k. Lte the umts long term evolution from theory or practice, John Wiley, 2009.

[5] Jiho Jang and Kwang Bok Lee. Transmit power adaptation for multiuser ofdm systems. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Feb. 2003.

[6] Susie J. Wee Mobile John G. Apostolopoulos, Waitian Tan and Media Systems Laboratory HP Laboratories Palo Alto. Video streaming: Concepts, algorithms and systems. September 18th, 2002.

Abstract: Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) or Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) is an extension to a popular Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) technology. VANET is developed to provide comfort communication between the vehicle while driving. In VANET there is a continuous wireless data transmission occurs either between Road Side Units (RSUs) or On Board Units (OBUs) in the vehicles. To keep the transmission smooth it required a good routing protocol. Right from the inception of VANET technology in 2000s the work done only on basic routing protocol. Mobility model is one of the key parameter while designing the vehicular network. In this paper the Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) and Mobility Model Generator for VANET (MOVE) are used for creating scenarios and traffic. The real time maps are edited in JAVA open street map editor (JOSM) and the simulation is done in NS-2. The performance is evaluated by using the two routing protocol on the basic of throughput for both rural & Urban scenarios.

Keywords: VANET (Vehicular Adhoc Network.) SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility),

[1]. Fan Li and Yu Wang, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, " Routing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey", IEEE
VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE | JUNE 2007
[2]. Mr. Surmukh Singh, Mr. Sunil Agrawal, "VANET Routing Protocols: Issues and Challenges", UIET Panjab University Chandigarh,
06 – 08 March, 2014, IEEE Publication.
[3]. Mr. Qi-wu Wu*, Mr. Wen Wen, Mr. Qingzi Liu, "Comparative Study of VANET Routing Protocols", Institution of Engineering
and Technology (IET), November 2014
[4]. M. Behrisch, L. Bieker, J. Erdmann, and D. Krajzewicz, "SUMO - Simulation of Urban MObility: An Overview,"in SIMUL 2011,
The Third International Conference on Advances in System Simulation, 2011.
[5]. DLR and contributors, SUMO Homepage [Online], http://sumo.sourceforge.net/, accessed July 03, 2012

Abstract: Moving object detection and tracking algorithm is become very popular now days and one of the current challenging research topics in various field, such as intelligent airport security system, transportation system, military security, identification of person, anomalous behavior detection, computer vision, video surveillance applications, and so on. As well as it become key technology to fight against terrorism, crime, public safety and for efficient management of traffic. Fast and reliable algorithms are required for making the video surveillance systems smart.

[1] Mahamuni P. D, et,"Moving object detection usingbackround subtraction algorithm using Simulink"IJRET, June, 2014

[2] G.SindhuraBhargavi, et, "Fast Background Subtraction Algorithm for Moving Object Detection & Tracking In FPGA" International journal of software & hardware Research in engineering, ISSN No.2347-4890, June, 2014

[3] A. Lopez-Bravo, et, "FPGA based video system for real time moving object detection" IEEE, Celaya, GTO, México, 2013

[4] Mr. Mahesh C. Pawaskar, et, "Detection of moving object based on background subtraction",IJETTCS ISSN 2278-6856, June 2014

[5] Anu Susan Philip, "Background Subtraction Algorithm for Moving Object Detection Using Denoising Architecture in FPGA", International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN: 2319-7064, August 2013

Abstract: Smart paper is one of the next generation paper technologies . It is a portable reusable storage display medium that in physical appearance looks like an ordinary paper but we can erase and write on it more than a thousand million times. These smart papers have a battery power applications such as pager, watches, hand held computer, cell phones etc., Smart paper is the technology used for applications such as ebooks, electronic newspaper, portable signs & and foldable, rollable displays. It is reflective and can be easily read in bright sunlight and also dim or dark environment. It can also be seen virtually in any angle just like a paper. It is light in weight from factor allowing it to be ideal for highly portable application. It is also be low in cost.

[1]. Epaper ppt e paper.ppt/slideshare.net
[2]. E-paper technology .http://pedian.com/seminar/e-paper-technology-seminar-report.pdf.ppt-abstract.php
[3]. A seminar report on E-Paper "http://www. seminarsonly.com /computer%20%science/E-paper-technology.php
[4]. "Advantages of Electronic Paper". http://www/wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_advantages_of_electronic_paper#ixzz28EtL5VtL.
[5]. "Electronic Paper". from http://www.enwikipedia.org/wiki/electronic-paper.
[6]. "Electronic-Paper: The Electronic Display of the future by Akwukwuma, V.V.N. and F.O. Chete. 2012.". Pacific Journal of Science and Technology. http://www.akamaiuniversity.us/PJST.html

Abstract: This paper presents the implementation of a neural network controller for an autonomous robot with a neural network-controller unit (NCU) and a field programmable gate array (FPGA) chip. As an on-line learning algorithm of a neural network, the reference compensation technique has been implemented on an NCU, implemented on an FPGA chip. In this paper artificial neural network is applied with 32-bit floating point, to achieve the flexibility and accuracy for the navigation. The ANN supports reconfigurable numbers of perceptron per layer as well as supervised learning through back propagation. Mean squared error is used to measure the quality of learning as part of the Built-in Self-Test (BIST).

[1] D. Caltabiano, G. Muscato, F. Russo: "Localization and self-calibration of a robot for volcano exploration", Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Vol. 1, pp. 586-591, 2004.
[2] C. Zhou, Q. Meng, Reinforcement learning with fuzzy evaluative feedback for a biped robot, in: Proc. of IEEE Internet. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, 2000, pp. 3829–3834
[3] Petrick, D.; Espinosa, D.; Ripley, R.; Crum, G.; Geist, A.; Flatley, T., "Adapting the reconfigurable spacecube processing system for multiple mission applications," IEEE Conference in Aerospace 2014, pp. 1-20, 1-8 March 2014
[4] Jihong Liu; Qing Guo; Xin Cheng, "Study of navigation methods based on embedded dual-encoder," in Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), 2012 24th Chinese, pp.3463-3466, 23-25 May 2012
[5] P. Vadakkepat, O.C. Miin, X. Peng, T.H. Lee, "Fuzzy behavior-based control of mobile robots", IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 12 (4) (2004), pp. 559–564.
[6] M. E. Magana and F. Holzapfel, "Fuzzy-logic control of an inverted pendulum with vision feedback," IEEE Trans. on Education, vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 165-170, 1998.

Abstract: Most of the problem relating to the labourer (numbers, work capacity efficiency etc) in the industries can be overcome by using Robots. We have studied the automatic Robot system to transport goods within industries. Our model use a pair of Robots (A & B) which are given commands by RF module following them these commands they travel along the shortest possible path on 4*4 grids system. While crossing the junction Robot A will get precedence over Robot B and thus collision avoided. Hence the automatic system is quiet useful in industries as it save time, man power and is more efficienct.

Keywords: RF module, Shortest path, precedence, commands, collision avoidance.

[1] Ankita Saxena, Abhinav Saxena "A new generation gird solver Robot system for object picking using shortest path" 2012 IEEE.
[2] Atul Patel, Anupam Dubey, Ajitesh Pandey, Siddharth Dutt Choubey "Vision Guided Shortest Path Estimation Using Flood fill Algorithm for Mobile Robot Applications" 2012 IEEE.
[3] Yichao Li, Xiaoling Wu, Dongik Shin, Weijun Wang, Jianing Bai, Qing He, Fei Luo, Weimin Zheng "An Improved Line Following Optimization Algorithm for Mobile Robot".
[4] Zhuang Cai, Lu Ye, Ang Yang "Flood fill maze solving with expected toll of penetrating unknown walls for micro mouse" 2012 IEEE.
[5] Brooks, R.A., "A robust layered control system for a mobile robot", IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, vol. 2, no. 1, (1986): 14-23.
[6] Thirumurugan. J, Kartheeswaran. G, Vinoth. M, Vishwanathan. M, "Line following robot for library inventory management system", International Conference on Emerging Trends in Robotics and Communication Technologies (INTERACT), pp.3-5, Dec 2010.

Abstract: In industry many issues are there, one of them is labour work for transferring goods from one place to another. After a long term of work the labours get tired and their energy to do work is exhausted. Due to this industry faces problems of increasing labour cost as a result increasing overall cost of industry product which is a major issue.To overcome this issues ROBOT can be used for moving goods from one place to another. Robots can work night and day and on holidays also. They can lift weight heavier than human workers. Time required to move goods from one place to another is less as compared to human workers. To increase the movement of goods from one place to another one or more robot can be used.Grids are drawn on the floor of godown so that robot can navigate through godown without any collision through walls and racks (used for storage of goods) .When one or more robots are traversing on the grid, collision may occur .

[1] Ankita Saxena, Abhinav Saxena "A new generation gird solver Robot system for object picking using shortest path" 2012 IEEE.
[2] Atul Patel, Anupam Dubey, Ajitesh Pandey, Siddharth Dutt Choubey "Vision Guided Shortest Path Estimation Using Flood fill Algorithm for Mobile Robot Applications" 2012 IEEE.
[3] Yichao Li, Xiaoling Wu, Dongik Shin, Weijun Wang, Jianing Bai, Qing He, Fei Luo, Weimin Zheng "An Improved Line Following Optimization Algorithm for Mobile Robot".
[4] Zhuang Cai, Lu Ye, Ang Yang "Flood fill maze solving with expected toll of penetrating unknown walls for micro mouse" 2012 IEEE.
[5] Brooks, R.A., "A robust layered control system for a mobile robot", IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, vol. 2, no. 1, (1986): 14-23.
[6] Thirumurugan. J, Kartheeswaran. G, Vinoth. M, Vishwanathan. M, "Line following robot for library inventory management system", International Conference on Emerging Trends in Robotics and Communication Technologies (INTERACT), pp.3-5, Dec 2010.
[7] Jae Sung and Byung Kook Kim, "Minimum-Time Grid Coverage Trajectory Planning Algorithm for Mobile Robots with Battery Voltage Constraints", International Conference on Control, AutomationandSystems,2010

Abstract: In recent days, the wide use of computer networks has been marked its sign to the modern civilization. Almost in all the organizations, various types of computer networks, namely, LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN, CAN, SAN etc. are used. While using a computer network, the main factors, which arise are, 1. Construction of the network, 2. Type of the network, 3. Good features of the network for smooth computing, and 4. Security of the network. In this theoretical paper, a different concept, "Private Area Network‟ is designed which should be implemented in the university or college campuses for cost effective, smooth and secured routing. This paper is basically a combinational implementation of "Cisco EIGRP‟, "ACL mechanism‟ and a different "CAN (Campus Area Network)‟ with Networking Security Concept. In this system, the higher authority can directly contact to the desired department with secured and hassle-free computing. The network should be implemented with the help of construction plans mentioned in this paper. Protocols must be maintained according to the guidelines and then the security concept will prevent the network from various attacks.

Keywords: ACL, Campus Network, EIGRP, Firewall, Network Security, Security Management, VLAN, VPN.

[1]. "EIGRP, a fast routing protocol based on distance vectors" - R. Albrightson, J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, and J. Boyle.
[2]. "Networking for Global Communications" - Zhou Haijun.
[3]. "Security Problems in Campus Network and Its Solutions", 1Lalita Kumari, 2Swapan Debbarma, 3Radhey Shyam; Department of Computer Science1-2, NIT Agartala, India, 3 National Informatics Centre, India.
[4]. "Campus Network Design and Implementation Using Top down Approach" by Bagus Mulyawan, Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Business Competitiveness (ICISBC) 2011.
[5]. "Access Control List" – Wikipedia the free encyclopedia.

Abstract: A fundamental step in image processing is the step of removing various kinds of noise from the image. Sources of noise in an image mostly occur during storage, transmission and acquisition of the image .Image denoising is a applicable issue found in diverse image processing and computer vision problems. There are various existing methods to denoise image. The important property of a good image denoising model is that it should completely remove noise as far as possible as well as preserve edges. The image denosing technique will be mainly depending on the type of the image and noise in cooperating with it. There have been several published algorithms and each approach has its assumptions, advantages, and limitations. This paper presents a review of some noise models and significant work in the area of image denoising.

Keywords: Image Denoising, Filters, Transform Domain, Wavelet Thresholding

[1]. Rajni, Anutam, "Image Denoising Techniques –An Overview," International Journal of Computer, Vol. 86, No.16, January 2014.
[2]. P. Hedaoo and S. S. Godbole, "Wavelet Thresholding Approach for Image Denoising," International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications, Vol. 3, No. 4, 2011.
[3]. R. C. Gonzalez and R.E. Woods, Digital Image Processing. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 2002 .
[4]. Pizurica, A., Philips, W., Lemahieu, I., et al.: "A versatile wavelet domain noise filtration technique for medical imaging‟, IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, 2013
[5]. Jean-Luc Starck, Emmanuel J. Candes, and David L. Donoho. "The curvelet transform for image denoising," IEEE Transactions on imagep rocessing, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 670-684, 2013.
[6]. Kachouie N.N., Fieguth P. "A combined Bayesshrink Wavelet-Ridgelet Technique for Image Denoising," IEEE international Conference on Multimedia and Expo, pp. 1917-1920, 2015.
[7]. Chang S.G., Bin Yu, Vitterli M. "Adaptive Wavelet Thresholding for image Denoising and Compression,"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 9, Issue 9, pp.1532-1546, 2013.