iosr-JECE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-August 2016

Abstract: In this paper we describe the development of IEEE 802.15.4 compatible wireless sensor network for data acquisition with timing and without timing. We analyze the power consumption with timing and without timing. Data acquisition system playing on influencing role for monitoring and mentoring application for industrial culture. Sensor and I/O calibration on technical for PLC's highly demands the data base managing for research development and quality up graduation processes. Number of sensors are analog sensors few are dependent on digital or hybrid module. Many times need comes to transmit their responses & acknowledgment over long distance & store that in some software ERP systems. Traditionally wired system with or without current purposes.............

Index Terms: Wireless sensor network, Network topology, Zigbee

[1] David Mascarenas, Eric Flynn and Michael Todd "Wireless Sensor Technologies for Monitoring Civil Structure" University of California San Diego, California Gyuhae Farrar, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico.
[2] Brian Park Simeon Realov "A Solar-Powered Wireless Data Acquisition Network"
[3] Li Cheng "Design and implementation of monitoring information system based on wireless sensor network technology.' Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Reserch,2014,6(7):1685-1688.
[4] Stefan Koss, Helmut Dispert and Thorsten Knutz "Development of Zigbee-based wireless sensor network node for automatic data acquisition and transfer"
[5] Gregory Mitchell,Marvin Conn,Russell Harris, and Andrew Bayba "Automated Data Acquisition for a Prognostics and Diagnostics Health Monitoring System" Army Research Laboratory Adelphi,MD 20783-1197,July 2008.

Abstract: The Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) code is a linear block code specified by a parity-check matrix H. The construction process of LDPC codes considers the parameters such as row weight, column weight, density of H-matrix, code rate, code length and girth. A novel flexible method for constructing structured regular LDPC codes considering all these parameters, using Gray-code representations, was reported in our earlier work. LDPC codes with column-weight two have low computational complexity and are promising for data storage and partial response channels.............

Index Terms: BER, Column-weight two QC-LDPC codes, Girth, Structured graph, Tanner graph.

[1] R.G. Gallager, "Low Density Parity Check Codes," IRE Transactions on Information Theory, IT-8: 21-28, January 1962.
[2] R.G. Gallager, "Low Density Parity Check Codes," MIT Press, Cambridge, 1963.
[3] MacKay, D. J. C., (2003). Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
[4] M. Eroz, F. Sun, and L. Lee, "DVB-S2 Low-Density Parity-Check Codes with near Shan-non Limit Performance", International
Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking, 22:269-279, 2004.
[5] H. Song, J. Liu, and B.V.K Vijaya Kumar, "Low Complexity LDPC codes for partial response channels," Proceedings of IEEE
Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM'02), Vol.2, pp. 1294-1299, Taipei, Taiwan, November, 2002.

Abstract: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a multi-carrier modulation technique which is very much popular in new wireless networks of IEEE standard. It has improved the quality of long-distance communication by eliminating Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) and improving Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) And Multipath Fading. Reconfigurable OFDM based transceiver in information security gives high benefits to the wireless communication and used for multipurpose requirements.............

Index Terms: Reconfigurable, OFDM, signal to noise ratio (SNR), Multipath Fading, ISI.

[1]. Beena R. Ballall, Ankit Chadha, "Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing and its Applications", International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Volume 2 Issue 1, January 2013, pp 325-328.
[2]. David Gustafsson, Christer M Andersson, Christian Fager," A novel wideband and reconfigurable high average efficiency power amplifier," Microwave Symposium Digest (MTT), 2012 IEEE MTT-S International, Volume 1, pp. 1-3. [3]. Wenmiao Song, "Design and implement of QPSK modem based on FPGA", ICCSIT IEEE, Volume 9, 9-11 July 2010, pp. 599 – 601. [4]. W.Song, J.Zhang, Q.Yao, "Design and Implementation of BPSK Modulator and Demodulator on Modern DSP Technology", 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications, China, 2009, pp.1135-1137. [5]. G. Elamary, G. Chester, J. Neasham, "A Simple Digital VHDL QPSK Modulator Designed Using CPLD/ FPGAs for Biomedical Devices Applications", in Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, Volume. I, 2009, United Kingdom.

Abstract: Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet Network(AFDX), Originally The Word "Avionics" is the combination of the Aviation and electronics, which is defined as electronics of aircrafts, artificial satellites and spacecrafts. MIL-1553 as its communication protocol for Avionics projects. But MIL-1553 communication is half duplex, asynchronous and works at 1 Mbps which may not be able to cater to the future communication performance requirements of bandwidth and maintainability..............

Keyword: Arinc 664p7, Mil-1553,Net Fpga,Afdx

[1]. Air craft data network PART 7, ARNIC SPECIFICATION 664 P7-1.(Base Paper)
[2]. Chakkaphong Suthaputchakun, "Impact of End System Scheduling Policies on AFDX Performance in Avionic On-Board Data Network",pp:1-6, IEEE-Aug-2015
[3]. Nour EI-Din SafWat, Abdelhalim Zekry, Mohamed Abouelatta, "Avionics Full-duplex switched Ethernet (AFDX): Modeling and Simulation",pp:1-11, IEEE-March-2015
[4]. Meng Li, Michaël Lauer, Guchuan Zhu, "Determinism Enhancement of AFDX Networks via Frame Insertion and Sub-Virtual Link Aggregation", pp:1684-1692,IEEE-Aug-2014,
[5]. Henri Bauer, Jean-Luc Scharbarg, and Christian Fraboul," Improving the Worst-Case Delay Analysis of an AFDX Network Using an Optimized Trajectory Approach",IEEE-Nov-2010,pp:1-13.

Abstract:Digital Image Processing involves the variation of digital data for improving the qualities of image with the support of computer.The use of decision based trimming of noisy pixels is ignored in the existing literature. Also the effects of different kind of noises are also ignored. The use of level shifting for correcting the borders and preserving the edges are also not considered. Recently much work is done in the different fields like medical, remote sensing, military applications etc. to improve the visibility of digital images. Many algorithms have been proposed so far for enhancing the digital images. It has been found that the most of the existing researchers have neglected many issues; i.e. no technique is accurate for different kind of circumstances.

Keywords: Digital Image Processing, types of noises, File Formats

[1]. Chengbin Zhang Kaifu Wang, "A switching median-mean filter for removal of high density impulse noise from digital images," in
Optik-Int Journal for light and electron optics(IJLEO-Vol. 126),2015.
[2]. Priyanka Kamboj et al., "A Brief Study of Various Noise Model and Filtering Techniques" Journal of Global Research in
Computer Science REVIEW ARTICLE Volume 4, No. 4, April 2013.
[3]. Yang, Pan, XiaolinGui, Feng Tian, Jing Yao, and Jiancai Lin. "A Privacy-Preserving Data Obfuscation Scheme Used in Data
Statistics and Data Mining." in High Performance Computing and Communications & 2013 IEEE International Conference on
Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, 2013 IEEE 10th International Conference on, pp. 881-887. IEEE, 2013.
[4]. Jian Zhanga et al., "Exploiting Image Local and Non-Local Consistency for Mixed Gaussian-Impluse Noise Removal." Research
gate 4 feb 2015.
[5]. Xuechen Li et al., "Improved Switching Median Filter for Removing Impulse Noise from the Image of the Welded Joint" 5th
International Congress on Image and Signal Processing 2012.

Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consists of millions of sensor nodes, with limited energy, that accomplish a sensing task. Variety of routing protocols are developed for transmission of data in WSNs. In this paper a hybrid routing protocol RSEP is proposed for heterogeneous WSNs. In proposed protocol some nodes transmit data directly to Base Station (BS)and the rest of the nodes use clustering technique to transmit data in to BS as in Stable Election Protocol (SEP) .RSEP is implemented and simulation results are compared with Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and SEP. Simulation results prove that RSEP has improved stability period and throughput than LEACH and SEP

Keywords: Regional,Stable,Election,Protocol,Wireless,Sensor,Network.

[1]. Heinzelman, W. R., Chandrakasan, A., & Balakrishnan, H. (2000, January). Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks. In System Sciences, 2000. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on (pp. 10-pp). IEEE.
[2]. Smaragdakis, G., Matta, I., & Bestavros, A. (2004). SEP: A stable election protocol for clustered heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Boston University Computer Science Department.
[3]. Aderohunmu, F. A., & Deng, J. D. (2009). An Enhanced Stable Election Protocol (SEP) for Clustered Heterogeneous WSN (No. 2009/07). Discussion Paper Series.
[4]. Qing, L., Zhu, Q., & Wang, M. (2006). Design of a distributed energy-efficient clustering algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Computer communications, 29(12), 2230-2237.
[5]. Manjeshwar, A., & Agrawal, D. P. (2001, April). TEEN: a routing protocol for enhanced efficiency in wireless sensor networks. In 1st International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Computing Issues in Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing (Vol. 22)...

Abstract: LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) wireless standards which uses the standard OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) modulation, MU-MIMO (Multiuser Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology and different multipath fading models. LTE allows the operator to use spectrum more efficiently to deliver high speed data. This paper characterizes the downlink performance of LTE. The requirement for high data rate applications demanded a system to provide users with the MIMO technology which constitutes a breakthrough in wireless communication and is defined in the LTE standard........

Keywords: 3GPP, LTE, MIMO, PHY, BER, SNR

[1] Dr Houman Zarrinkoub, Understanding LTE with Matlab® From Mathematical Modeling to Simulation and Prototyping Wiley, 2014.
[2] C. Gessner, A. Roessler, M. Kottkamp, UMTS Long Term Evolution (LTE) - Technology Introduction, LTE Technology Introduction Rohde & Schwarz, July 2012, 1MA111_3E.
[3] S. Sesia, I Toufik, M. Baker, LTE – The UMTS Long Term Evolution From Theory to Practice © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
[4] T. Nakamura, Proposal for Candidate Radio Interface Technologies for IMT ‐Advanced Based on LTE Release 10 and Beyond (LTE ‐Advanced) © 3GPP 2009 Mobile World Congress, Barcelona, 19 © 3GPP 2009
[5] B. Sklar, Digital Communication Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, Second Edition, 2008...

Abstract: A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system combined with the orthogonal frequency partition multiplexing (OFDM) modulation technique can achieve reliable high data rate show over broadband wireless channels. Channel state information for both single-input single-output (SISO) and MIMO systems based on pilot aided arrangement is investigated in this paper. The estimate of channel at pilot frequencies with conventional Least Square (LS) and Minimum Mean Square (MMSE) estimation algorithms is carried out through Matlab simulation......

Keywords: Antenna, BER, Detection, MIMO, OFDM , SISO, LS, MSE, MMSE

[1]. Z. G. Karabulut and A. Yongacoglu, "Sparse channel estimation using orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm," 2004 IEEE 60th Vehicular Technology Conference, vol. 60(6), pp. 3880-3884, 2004.
[2]. J. A. Tropp and A. C. Gilbert, "Signal recovery from random measurements via orthogonal matching pursuit," IEEE Transaction on Information Theory, vol. 53(12), pp. 4655-4666, 2007.
[3]. U. W. Bajwa, J. Haupt, G. Raz, and R. Nowak, "Compressed channel sensing," To appear in Proc. 42ndAnnu. Conf. Information Sciences and Systems (CISS'08), Mar. 19-21, 2008.
[4]. D. L. Donoho, M. Elad, and V. N. Temlyakov, "Stable recovery of sparse overcomplete representations in the presence of noise," IEEE Transaction on Information Theory, vol. 52(1), pp. 6-18, Jan. 2006.
[5]. E. J. Candès, "The restricted isometry property and its implications for compressed sensing," CompteRendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, vol. Serie I, 346, pp. 589-592, 2008..

Abstract: Wireless local area networks (WLANs) are beginning to play a much larger role in corporate network environments. The 802.11g specification is a standard for wireless local area networks (WLANs) that offers transmission over relatively short distances at up to 54 megabits per second (Mbps), compared with the 11 Mbps theoretical maximum with the earlier 802.11b standard. In this paper, focus is on WLAN security technologies designed to improve 802.11 standard by applying security policies. Response time for authentication and encryption of 802.1X model and VPN model is compared.....

Keywords: 802.1X, DES, security policy index, VPN, WEP

[1]. A Designer's Companion, 2nd ed., IEEE Press, New York, NY, 2005.
[2]. Cisco Wireless LAN Security: Expert Guidance for Securing Your 802.11 Networks, Cisco Press, Indianapolis, IN 2005.
[3]. Agarwal, Avesh, K., Wang, Wenye. "Measuring Performance Impact of Security Protocols in Wireless Local Area Networks", Dept. of Elect. and CS Eng., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC.
[4]. Baghaei, Nilufar. "IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN Security Performance Using Multiple Clients", Dept. of CS Eng., Canterbury Univ., Christchurch, New Zealand, 2003.
[5]. Wong, Shao-Cheng, Chen, Yi-Ming, Lee, Tsern-Huei, Helmy, Ahmed, "Performance Evaluations for Hybrid IEEE 802.11b and 802.11g Wireless Networks", In Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference: 24th IEEE International, 7-9 April 2005,pp.111-118...

Abstract: Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies. The data are sent over parallel sub-channels with each sub-channel modulated by a modulation scheme such as BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM etc. The advantage of OFDM is its ability to cope with severe channel conditions compared to a single carrier modulation scheme but still maintaining the data rates of a conventional scheme with the same bandwidth. Furthermore, channel equalization is simplified because OFDM may be viewed as using many slowly modulated narrow band signals rather than one rapidly modulated wide band signal.......

Keywords: OFDM, Modulation, BPSK, QPSK,QAM, Bit Error Rate(BER), Rayleigh Fading Channel

[1]. Mohammed S. Akhoirshida and Mustafa M. Matalgah--BER Performance Analysis of Interference-Limited BPSK Cooperative Communication Systems with Cochannel Interference in Nakagami-m Fading Channels, PAWR 2013,IEEE.
[2]. Jun Lu, ThiangTjhung,Fumiyuki Adachi and Cheng Li Huang, ―BER performance of OFDM-MDPSK system in Frequency –Selective RicianFading with Diversity Reception, IEEE Trans. On Vehicular Technology, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 1216-1225, July 2000.
[3]. Young Jae Ryu and Dong Seog Han, ―Timing phase estimator overcoming Rayleigh Fading For OFDM systems, IEEE Proc., pp. 66- 67.
[4]. M. Nakagami, ―The m-distribution—A general formula of intensity distribution of rapid fading,‖ in Statistical Methods in Radio Wave Propagation, W. C. Hoffman, Ed. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon, 1960.
[5]. Zheingjiu Kang, Kung Yao, FlavioLorenzelli, ―Nakagami-m Fading Modeling in the Frequency Domain for OFDM system analysis,‖ IEEE Communication letters, vol. 7, no.10, pp. 484-486, Oct.2003.

Abstract: Vision is that the most vital factor in human life. thus we'd like to avoid wasting our vision. that may be done by extracting retinal options. The membrane of human eyes that affects the membrane and retina construction in several ways in which. Latest technological advances within the image process helps to extract the attention diseases supported the study of feature extractions. In our projected system we tend to used four algorithms for extracting the feature extraction. The initial step is to capture the input retinal image exploitation digital anatomical structure camera.......

Keywords: Improved median filter, fuzzy cluster, morphological distance primarily based algorithmic rule, Optic discs, watershed algorithmic rule, and eye diseases detection.

[1] "Retinal blood vessels segmentation using the radial projection and Supervised classification", QuinmuPeng, Xinge You, Long Zhou, Yiuming Cheung, 2010 Internatinal conference on pattern recognition pg no: 1489 to 1492.
[2] "A review of retinal vessel segmentation techniques and algorithms", Mohammed Imran Khan, Heena sheik, Anwar Mohamed Ansuri, PradhumamSoni, 2011 IEEE paper pg no: 1140 to 1144.
[3] "An improved hymenopteron colony system for retinal vessel segmentation", Ahmed HamzaAsad, Ahmed TaharAzar 2013, federate conference on computer science and information systems pg no: 199 to 205.
[4] "Blood vessel segmentation in retinal structure pictures exploitation matched filter", PriyankaYadao, Sayali armed service, Animesh, Maheswari 2014, Natinal conference for college kids in EEE pg no: 58 to 61.
[5] "Detection of blood vessels in retinal pictures exploitation 2nd matched filter", SubhasisChaudari, Shankar Chaterjee, Norman Katz, Mark Nelson, IEEE paper 2000, pg no: 263 to 269.

Abstract: This paper is based on a research project of Ph.D. on title "A Critical and Comprehensive Study of Children under Juvenile Justice Act." Juvenile Justice System is most dynamic and illuminated framework embraced by the world citizenry with all round development of children. The prime center is to change the degenerates and give consideration to the unprotected children. To the extent practicable, a child to be rehabilitee and reestablished to the family. [1] The article assessed the Juvenile Justice System in India in the light of protected reasoning and International parameters. Various adults today have this thoroughly Aristotelian beginning of pre-adulthood without having truly examined any of Aristotle..............

Keywords: Children's Rights, Juvenile Justice System, Constitutional Law.

[1]. Dr. Bikram Kumar Das (2016), Juvenile Justice System in India, Indian Journal of Research, Volume-5, Issue-5, p.1
[2]. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/childhood/ Accessed 15th June, 2015
[3]. Locke, John, [EHC] 1959, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (Volume I), New York: Dover preparations
[4]. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/childhood/ Accessed 15th June, 2015
[5]. Section 82 and 83 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860

Abstract: The source camera identification is the technique in which we identify the problems that affect the images which are taken with digital cameras or mobile phones. The images which are taken with the professional cameras like DSLR are of high quality, but when the dust particles or other noise parameters introduced in the capturing device then it leads to create the dust patterns on the image which is captured. When the dust particles stuck on the captured image it reduces the image quality. In this paper, various techniques are discussed in which various features are detected from the captured image............

Keywords: Source camera identification; image forensics; PSNR; MSE.

1]. Yue Tan, Bo Wang, Meijuan Zhao, Xiangwei Kong, and Ming Li, Patch-based sensor pattern noise for camera source identification. School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, P. R. China.
[2]. Ahmet Emir Dirik, Husrev Taha Sencar, and Nasir Memon, "Digital single lens reflex camera identification from traces of sensor dust" IEEE Transactions on Information Security and Forensics and security, vol. 3, no. 3, Sep 2008.
[3]. J. Lukac, J. Fridrich, and M. Goljan, "Digital camera identification from sensor pattern noise," IEEE Transactions on Information Security and Forensics, vol. 1, pp. 205–214, 2006.
[4]. Ana Lucila Sandoval Orozco¹, Jocelin Rosales Corripio¹, David Manuel Arenas González, Luis Villalba¹ Hernández Castro², "Techniques for source camera identification.
[5]. Ana Lucila Sandoval Orozco¹, Jocelin Rosales Corripio¹, David Manuel Arenas González, Luis Villalba¹ Hernández Castro², "Image source acquisition identification of mobile devices based on the use of features", Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015.

Abstract: The world's most popular GNSS system is Global Positioning System (GPS). This was developed by the U.S Department of Defense (DOD) to know the accurate position coordinates of a location. However, GPS also failed to find the position coordinates especially in dense areas and urban canyon. This situation was eliminated by using ground based satellites called as Pseudolites (PLs) which provide GPS like signals where the obstruction of satellites signals from the GPS constellation take place. Thus, by augmenting the GNSS with Pseudolites the continuity,..........

Keywords: GPS, Pseudolite, Near-far Effect, Signal pulsing, RSIC.

[1] H. Stewart cob "GPS Pseudolites: theory design and application", StanfordUniversity, September 1997.
[2] K. J. Silva Lorraine, D.Ajay Kumar, "Analysis of Near-Far Effect and Multipath MitigationTechniques for Pseudolite Based
Positioning Applications"IJECT Vol. 5, Issue Spl - 3, Jan - March 2014.
[3] T. L. Abt, F. Soualle, and S. Martin, "Optimal pulsing schemes for Galileo pseudolite signals"Journalof Global Positioning
Systems, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 133–141, 2007.
[4]. CillianO‟Driscoll, Daniele Borio"Investigation of Pulsing Schemes for PseudoliteApplications" Conference paper. September 2011.
[5]. Daniele Borio, "Design of a General Pseudolite Pulsing Scheme" IEEE Transactions on aerospace and electronic systems vol. 50,
no. 1 January 2014