iosr-JECE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-August 2016

Abstract: Optical Line of Sight Communication (OLSC) is considered to be future wireless communication technology. OLSC may be used to replace the existing radio frequency communication system and to overcome demerits due to resembling data transmission speed, security and health hazards. OLSC uses high illuminating LEDs as a source of light as well as a communicating source at the same time. To achieve high speed communication in OLSC, using various modulation techniques such as Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) may be used.............

Keywords: Optical Line of Sight Communication, Pulse width modulation, wavelength, point to point communication, data transmission.

[1]. "Home Gigabit Access project," funded by European Framework 7.'' http://www.ict-omega.eu/.
[2]. VLCC, "Visible Light Communications Consortium," 2008.
[3]. M. Nakagawa, "Visible Light Communications," 2007.
[4]. "Wireless World Research Forum." http://www.wireless-world-research.org/.
[5]. J. Vucic, C. Kottke, S. Nerreter, K. Habel, A. Buttner, K. D. Langer and J. W. Waleski, "125 Mbit/s over 5 m Wireless Distance by Use of OOK-Modulated Phosphorescent White LEDs," Processing of 35th European Conference of Optical Communication, 20-24 September 2009.

Abstract: A compact Fork- shaped Microstrip patch antenna with improved bandwidth is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is design and analysis with dielectric substrate of RT/Duroid 2.2 and substrate thickness 3.17 mm. Antenna resonates at multi band of 7.46 GHz and 4.46 GHz .The proposed antenna is optimized with ANN model .The comparison between measured, simulated and ANN results for slotted microstrip patch antenna has been discussed. The proposed antenna has been fabricated and tested in laboratory .The measured and simulated results are exhibits good agreement. The proposed antenna achieved 40.34% of bandwidth at centre frequency of 7.46 GHz with VSWR ≤ 2 and gain is 4.09dBi

Keywords: Bandwidth ; Gain; Fork-slot; Microstrip antenna; Return loss;ANN.

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Abstract: Recently reversible logic has emerged as one of the most important designs as it is known to provide zero power dissipation under ideal conditions. Reversible logic is used in the field of low power VLSI, nano technology, communications, high speed VLSI, digital signal processing etc. The optimization is carried out in reversible circuits by reducing gate count, constant inputs, garbage outputs as well as quantum cost. In this paper we are presenting the optimized designs of sequential circuits such as flip-flop and four types of shift registers in both FPGA implementation and CMOS implementation. In the cmos implementation we have used 180nm cmos technology in the design of shift registers. At final we obtained the results of power, delay and power delay product of shift registers using mosfet of 180nm technology.

Keywords: Reversible Logic, shift registers, Garbage Outputs, Constant Inputs.

[1]. Landauer.R, "Irreversibility and heat generation in the computing process", IBM J. Research and Development, 5(3):pp.183 -191, 1961.
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[3]. Santhi Swaroop V.G, "Implementation of Optimized Reversible Sequential and CombinationalCircuitsforVLSI Applications",2014.
[4]. Nagarjun S, Nagendra R, Kiran N, Kiran Kumar K N," Design and Comparison of Reversible and Irreversible Sequential Logic Circuits".
[5]. Ranjith.S, Umarani.P , "Performance Analysis of MOSFET and CNTFET Using Reversible Logic Shift Registers", 2014.

Abstract: With the rapid growth of communication technologies, mobile communications require a mobile phone to be operated in various communication services. This has led to a great demand for designing antennas with some desirable features such as multiband operation, low specific absorption rate (SAR), light weight, and low profile. The mutual interactions between the mobile terminals and the human body are to be considered. A part of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna is absorbed by the human hea....

Keywords: Antenna, SAR, EBG, Radiation pattern, gain, SRR .

[1]. K. S. Sultan, H. H. Abdullah, E. A. Abdallah, and E. A. Hashish, ―Low-SAR, Miniaturized Printed Antenna for Mobile, ISM, and WLAN Services‖,IEEE Antennas And Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 12, 2013.
[2]. C. Picher, J. Anguera, A. Andujar, C. Puente, and S. Kahng, ―Analysis of the human head interaction in handset antennas with slotted ground planes,‖ IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 36–56, Apr.2012.
[3]. S. I. Kwak, D. Sim, and J. H. Kwon, ―Design of optimized multilayer PIFA with the EBG structure for SAR reduction in mobile applications,‖IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 325–333,May 2011.
[4]. R. G. Villanueva, H. J. Aguilar, and R. L. Miranda, ―State of the art methods for low SAR antenna implementation,‖ Proc. EuCAP, pp. 1–4,2010 .
[5]. Yongyan Du and Anping ZhaoJ, ―An Internal Quad-Band Antenna for Oval-Shaped Mobile Phones,‖IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation letters, vol. 9, 2010.

Abstract: Delays are used in a variety of ways in Nuclear and High Energy Physics experiments which often deal with a large number of detectors. These detectors give out analog signals depicting several parameters like pulse height, width, time of arrival, pulse count rate etc. Some or all of these analog signals have to be used to validate the event as well as to extract its parameters before recording; some of these signals are to be delayed to participate in the final trigger generation..............

Keywords: Cyclone IV, CAMAC, ECL, FPGA, Masking, NIM, Remotely Controlled, LVTTL

[1] V.R.Chitnis et al., "Status of HAGAR, the high altitude gamma ray observatory at Hanle‟. Proc 29th ICRC, Pune, OG 2.7, Vol. 5 (2005), PP 235.
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Abstract: Anenvironmental monitoring with wireless data storage and manipulation system based on sensors, Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)moduleand internetis designed to keep track of the industrial atmosphere and sensors for measuring temperature, pressure, humidity, and CO are employed in the system to gather information from the industrial environment. The lower layer field data collections system is linked with the upper layer monitoring via Wi-Fi. The monitoring system is implemented with an user friendly interface. The system could store and manipulate gathered information efficiently. Both the software and hardware implementation are demonstrated in this work.

Keywords: Environmental monitoring; Wi-Fi; Sensor; the Internet of Things

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[4]. NihalKularatna, and B. H. Sudantha, ―An Environmental Air Pollution Monitoring System Based on the IEEE 1451 Standard for Low Cost Requirements‖ IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 8, No. 4, 2008.
[5]. Xu, N, ―A Survey of Sensor Network Applications,‖ IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 40, No.8, pp. 102-114, 2002.

Abstract: Adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) is widely used to reduce noise from a noisy speech signal .However the Least Mean Square algorithm and its variants, such as the Least Mean Square Algorithm (LMS), normalized (N) - LMS algorithm and the constrained stability (CS)-LMS algorithms do not perform well in ANC since the desired speech signal has a bad effect on the convergence rate and steady state misadjustments of these algorithms. Thus, we propose a new adaptive algorithm that further relaxes the constrained in the CS-LMS algorithm ......

Keywords: Adaptive noise canceller, least-mean square (LMS) algorithm, Normalised LMS algorithm speech enhancement, stability constraint

[1] S.Haykin, Adaptive Filter Theory, 4th edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2002
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Abstract: This article deals with introduction; legal ground of Indonesian aviation activities; contribution of Indonesia to international and regional of civil aviation such as coordination with ICAO, civil aviation, public international air law regime including amendment of the Chicago Convention of 1944, ratification Tokyo Convention of 1963, The Hague Convention of 1970 and Montreal Convention of 1971; Ratification of Cape Town Convention of 2001 including the content, international interest in aircraft, its implementation, legal aspect, definition, applicability, the most important provision, the benefit of the CTC of 2001, the best practices uch as general indication, Garuda Indonesia, the successful of other airlines, obstacle of the implementation and conclusion; Montreal Agreement of 1999 including scope of application, compensation, advance payment,.........

Keywords: ........

[1] Act Concerning Civil Aviation, Act no.1 of 2009. State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2009, Supplement State Gazette of the ROI Number 4956. online: Directorate General of Civil Aviation http://hubud.dephub.go.id/?en/uu
[2] Ministerial Decree Concerning Aircraft Registration. Ministerial Decree No.KM 49 of 2009 ( 10 June 2009)
International Air Law
[3] Convention on International Civil Aviation, signed at Chicago on 7 December 1944
[4] Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft, signed at Tokyo 1963
[5] Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, signed at the Hague on 16 December 1970

Abstract: Fish is a source of food for many species including human. It has been an important source of protein and other nutrients for human. Fresh fish are always better for preparing healthy and tasty food. Analysis of fresh fish is an important aspect to get the best quality of the fish for the preparation of healthy food. Sensory evaluation method is usually practiced in fish industry which involves judging of freshness by smell, color, appearance, taste and texture. The validity of this evaluation method has been questioned due to general parameters. In this study we are developing an evaluation method by using image processing of the fish eye......

Keywords: Fish Eye, image processing, Freshness index, classification, excel sheet.

[1] Costa, Corrado , Antonucci, Francesca , Menesatti, Paolo ,Pallottino, Federico ,Boglione, Clara , Cataudella, Stefano , An Advanced Color Calibration Method for Fish Freshness Assessment: A Comparison Between Standard and Passive Refrigeration Modalities , Food and Bioprocess technology 6(8), August 2012.
[2] Liu, Zhongdong Li, Zhenxing Lin, Hong Dong, Caiwen , A new method for the non-destructive determination of fish freshness by nuclear imaging, Complex Medical Engineering (CME) , 22-25 May 2011.
[3] Apetrei, Irina Mirela Rodriguez-Mendez, Maria Luz Apetrei, Constantin de Saja, Jose A , Biogenic amines and fish freshness assessment using a multisensor system based on voltammetric electrodes:Comparison between CPE and screen-printed electrodes, Electrochimica Acta ,Volume 54, Issue 27, 30 November 2009, Pages 7033–7041.
[4] Apetrei, Irina Mirela Rodriguez-Mendez, Maria Luz Apetrei, Constantin de Saja, Jose A Fish Freshness Monitoring Using an E-Tongue Based on Polypyrrole Modified Screen-Printed Electrodes, IEEE Sensors Journal 13 (7):2548-2554 , July 2013.
[5] Manuela O'Connell, Gabriela Valdora, Gustavo Peltzer, R. Martı́n Negri , A practical approach for fish freshness determinations using a portable electronic nose, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical Volume 80, Issue 2, 20 November 2001, Pages 149–154.

Abstract: Initial developments of cellular networks were intended for voice only applications. Later the need to support several applications and services lead to the evolution of mobile technology. In order to meet the growing user demands and high data rate requirements the fourth generation of mobile communication has adopted a standard called LTE. LTE provides high data rates, flexible bandwidth usage and low latency in networks. Scheduling is a feature employed at the eNodeB to allocate user equipments with available resources in the most efficient way..........

Keywords: 4G, LTE, Video Codec, H.264, Resource Block, Channel Quality, CQI, Scheduling.

[1] Qian Liu, and Chang Wen Chen, "Smart Downlink Scheduling for Multimedia Streaming over LTE Networks with Hard Hand-Off", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 2015.
[2] Mohammed Alhadi Abduljalil, "Resource Scheduling Algorithms in Long Term Evolution (LTE)" , Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering Volume 9, Issue 6, PP 50-53 , Nov - Dec. 2014.
[3] F. Capozzi, G. Piro, L.A. Grieco, G. Boggia, and P. Camarda, "Downlink Packet Scheduling in LTE Cellular Networks: Key Design Issues and a Survey", IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 15, No. 2, Second Quarter 2013.
[4] A. S. Sravani and K. Jagadeesh Babu, "Implementation of Scheduling Algorithms for LTE Downlink", International Journal of Advanced Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJAEEE), Volume-2, Issue -6, ) ISSN (Print): 2278 - 8948, 2013.
[5] Manjanaik N, Dr. Manjunatha R , " Development of Efficient Intra Frame Coding in Advanced Video Standard Using Horizontal Prediction Mode", International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2013.

Abstract: High spectral efficiency and the ability to combat multipath fading are the key requirements of future wireless communication systems. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) combined with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) has been widely considered to be a promising candidate. Moreover Multi user MIMO OFDM can provide good spatial multiplexing with single antenna for each user. In the case of multicell multiuser MIMO OFDM system main challenge is to acquire the channel state information. In order to get the channel state information, channel estimation is to be done. Here pilot aided LS channel estimation is used to obtain the estimates. For multi cell multi user MIMO OFDM, channel estimation using pilot subcarriers causes pilot contamination. This is due to the reuse of pilot subcarriers in different cells........

Keywords: Channel estimation, LS channel estimation, MIMO, OFDM, Pilot contamination

[1] D. Gesbert, M. Shafi, D. Shiu, and P. J. Smith, "From theory to practice: An overview of MIMO space-time coded wireless systems," IEEE J. Sel.AreasCommun., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 281–302, Apr. 2003.
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[3] PengXu, Jiangzhou Wang, Jinkuan Wang, "Analysis and Design of Channel Estimation in Multicell MU-MIMO OFDM Systems", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 64, No. 2, February 2015.
[4] J. Jose, A. Ashikhmin, T. L. Marzetta, and S. Vishwanath, "Pilot contamination and precoding in multi-cell TDD systems," IEEE Trans. WirelessCommun., vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 2640–2651, Aug. 2011.
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Abstract: This paper presents bluetooth controlled arduino integrated with collision detection, avoidance and contol features which provides the unique ability of flight stablization, hover contol and landing features in any terrain.The extremely sophistcated design provides very good hover contol of the design.The design integrated with ultrasonic sensors with in built accelerometer controls the speed and avoid collision with any obstacle detected in the flight of the quadcopter.The parts used in the design are of low cost making the design economical which makes it ideal for production on industrial scale which will aid in many applications like collecting data, spying and in miltary operations.......

Keywords: Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); personnel digital assistant (PDA); Degree of Freedom (DOF); Revolutions per minute (RPM); Graphical user Interface (GUI)..

[1] Mohd Khan, Quad copter Flight Dynamics, International journal of scientific & technology research vol.3 issue 8 august 2014.
[2] Ankyda Ji, Kamran Turkoglu, , "Development of a Low-Cost Experimental Quadcopter Testbed Using an Arduino Controller and
Software,"
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(SMC), 2010 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 3200-3204). IEEE.
[4] Rauf, Abdul, Sajid Anwar, and M. Arfan Jaffer. "Automated GUI test coverage analysis using GA." Information Technology: New
Generations (ITNG), 2010 Seventh International Conference on. IEEE, 2010.

Abstract: Multiple Active Antenna –Spatial Modulation (MA-SM) is a high rate, low complexity MIMO transmission scheme. It takes the advantage of low complexity of SM and high multiplexing gain of V-BLAST system. Here, the information bits are conveyed by both the constellation symbol and spatial symbol. To benefit the available multiplexing gain, active antennas could be any number not more than the number of transmit antennas. However, this leads to degradation in system performance due to the presence of ICI and IAI. In this paper, SVD based precoding technique and Genetic Algorithm based symbol detection have been introduced to reduce ICI and thereby improving the system performance. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves the BER performance.

Keywords: Genetic Algorithm (GA), Generalised Spatial Modulation (GSM), Multiple Active Antenna Spatial Modulation (MA-SM), Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system, Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection.

[1]. E. Basar, U. Aygolu, E. Panayirci, and H. V. Poor, "Space-time block coded spatial modulation", IEEE Trans. Communication., vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 823–832, Mar. 2011.
[2]. Jintao Wang, Shuyun Jia, Jian Song "Generalized spatial modulation system with multiple active transmit antennas and low complexity detection schemes", IEEE Trans.on Wireless communication, vol. 11, no. 4, April 2012.
[3]. Faseela K. Karim, Basil K. Jeemon,"Spatial Modulation with Multiple Active Transmit Antennas", IJMTER, vol. 2, Issue 11, ISSN: 2393-8161, Nov 2015.
[4]. Ambuj Mehrish, Vikash Kumar, Ashish Goswami, "Precoding based on signal-to leakage and noise ratio to reduce ICI in MIMO-OFDM systems", International Journal of Computer Application, vol. 95, no. 19, June 2014.
[5]. Ganesan Thiagarajan, Chandra R. Murthy, "Novel transmit precoding methods for Rayleigh fading multiuser TDD-MIMO systems with CSIT and no CSIR", IEEE Trans. on Vehicular technology, vol. 64, 2015.