iosr-JECE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2018

Abstract: The efficient algorithms require correct protocols for authentication and key management. It is intended to modify the available crypto graphical algorithm to achieve more security and this will be done by incorporating visual cryptography. Conventional Visual Secret Sharing (VSS) schemes are used to hide secret images in the shares that are either encoded or printed on transparencies. Natural Visual Secret Sharing (NVSS) in which various carrier media is used to carry secret images, in which various carrier media is used to carry secret images by a share to protect the secret and the participants during the transmission phase has been proposed. The proposed (n, n) – NVSS scheme shares one digital secret image over (n - 1) arbitrary selected natural images and one noise-like share. Our aim is to use visual cryptography for transmission of the secret image and to protect the network in order to keep the data confidential..

Index Terms - Visual Cryptography, Natural Visual Secret Sharing, Transmission Risk

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[3]. P. L. Chiu and K. H. Lee, "A simulated annealing algorithm for general threshold visual cryptography schemes," IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Security, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 992–1001, Sep. 2011.
[4]. K. H. Lee and P. L. Chiu, "Image size invariant visual cryptography for general access structures subject to display quality constraints," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 3830–3841, Oct. 2013.
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Abstract: Existing image-based Reversible Data Hiding (RDH) methods tend to focus on increasing embedding capacity, but few consider keeping or improving visual image quality. A new RDH method with contrast enhancement (RDH-CE) is, by pair-wisely expanding the histogram to the lower end to upper end. RDH-CE is especially valuable in exploiting the details of poorly illustrated images for which the visibility of image details is more important than just keeping PSNR high. However, obvious visual image distortion appears when embedding level gets high, and embedding capacity is relatively low when embedding level is small. In this paper, Wu et al.'s work is improved from four perspectives, namely image contrast enhancement, visual distortion reduction, encryption.........

Index Terms - Reversible Data Hiding (RDH), Embedding, PSNR..

[1]. Hao-Tian Wu, Jean-Luc Dugelay, and Yun-Qing Shi," Reversible Image Data Hiding with Contrast Enhancement", IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS, VOL. 22, NO. 1, JANUARY 2015.
[2]. T. Kalker and F.M.Willems, "Capacity bounds and code constructions for reversible data-hiding," in Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Digital Signal Processing (DSP2002), 2002, pp. 71–76.
[3]. W. Zhang, B. Chen, and N. Yu, "Capacity-approaching codes for reversible data hiding," in Proc 13th Information Hiding (IH'2011),LNCS 6958, 2011, pp. 255–269, Springer-Verlag.
[4]. W. Zhang, B. Chen, and N. Yu, "Improving various reversible data hiding schemes via optimal codes for binary covers," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 2991–3003, Jun. 2012.
[5]. J. Fridrich and M. Goljan, "Lossless data embedding for all image formats," in Proc. SPIE Proc. Photonics West, Electronic Imaging, Securit and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents, San Jose, CA, USA, Jan. 2002, vol. 4675, pp. 572–583...

Abstract: This project aims at analyzing the attenuation due to clouds at 20-50GHz; to generate an accurate prediction model of cloud attenuation efficient for slant-path links and also evaluate the impact of cloud attenuationdynamics on these frequencies in the selected location of southern Nigeria. The methodology adopts ITU-R 840.4 model for specific attenuation due to cloud and average properties of four distinct cloud types. The values of specific attenuation under conditions of cloud cover were computed by using the obtained liquid water content values at frequencies starting from 20 GHz and up to 50 GHz.

[1]. Tareq A. Alawadi. Investigation of the Effects of Cloud Attenuation on Satellite Communication Systems School of Engineering Department of Engineering Physics Submitted for the Degree of PhD Academic Year 2011 – 2012; (1): 24
[2]. Lorenzo Luini and Carlo Capsoni. Efficient Calculation of Cloud Attenuation forEarth-space Applications. Copyright (c) 2014 IEEE.
[3]. Asoka Dissanayake, Jeremy Allnutt and Fatim Haidara. Cloud attenuation modelling for SHF and EHF applications. International journal of satellite communicationsInt. J. Satell. Commun. 2001; 19:335}345 (DOI: 10.1002/sat.671).

[4]. Warren SG et al. Global distribution of total cloud cover and cloud type amounts over land. National Center forAtmospheric Research (NCAR) Technical Notes, NCAR/¹N-273, October 1986.
[5]. Ahmed Ali Rais Kokab, Dr. Hala Aldaw Edreis. Attenuation(Fading) Due To Clouds South Kordofan (Sudan). IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)e-ISSN: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 11, Issue 3, Ver. II (May-Jun .2016), PP 99-100.

Abstract: Cloud attenuation is considered a major cause of impairment of SHF and VHF signals. Clouds are present during a large fraction of an average year which makes it necessary, that an accurate means of calculating its effects be generated, in order to effectively ascertain communication system performance under non-rainy conditions.This project aims at bringing the above objective into fruition byintroducing two efficient Cloud Liquid Water Content (LWC) models.In this paper, some features of cloud liquid water content with respect to rain and water vapor are presented. The Cloud liquid water density profile necessary for this models should be obtained from Radiosonde observation. The two models:Salonen's model and Karsten's model are suitable foruse in tropical as well as temperate locations such as the western region of Africa..

[1]. T.V. Omotosho, E.B. Babatunde. Study of Cloud Impact on Fixed Satellite Communication Link at Ku, Ka and VBands in Nigeria. © 2010, INSInet Publication. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(8): 3287-3298, 2010ISSN 1991-8178
[2]. Lorenzo Luini and Carlo Capsoni. Efficient Calculation of Cloud Attenuation forEarth-space Applications. Copyright (c) 2014 IEEE.
[3]. Tareq A. Alawadi. Investigation of the Effects of Cloud Attenuation on Satellite Communication Systems School of Engineering Department of Engineering Physics Submitted for the Degree of PhD Academic Year 2011 – 2012; (1): 24
[4]. Swastika Chakraborty, Animesh Maitra. A Comparative Study of Cloud Liquid Water Content fromRadiosonde Data at a Tropical Location.International Journal of Geosciences, 2012, 3, 44-49.
[5]. ITU-R recommendation P.840-6, "Attenuation due to clouds and fog,"Geneva, Switzerland, 2013..

Abstract: The major parameters to analyze the performance Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) system is Speed and Bit Error Rate. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) techniques combination gives 4th Generation Long Term Evolution (LTE). Using multiple carriers in OFDM provides higher level of spectral efficiency as compared to Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM). In OFDM because of loss of orthogonality between the subcarriers there is inter carrier interference (ICI) and inter symbol interference (ISI) and to overcome this problem use of cyclic prefixing (CP) is required, which uses 20% of available bandwidth. In this paper an OFDM application standard called Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB)............

[1]. Ramjee Prasad, "OFDM for Wireless Communications systems", Artech House Publishers, 2004.
[2]. L. Hanzo, M. Munster, B.J. Choi, T. Keller, "OFDM & MC-CDMA for Broadband Multiuser Communications, WLANs and Broadcasting" John Wiley Publishers, 2003..
[3]. Anibal Luis Intini, "orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing For Wireless Networks" Standard IEEE 802.11a, University Of California, Santa Barbara.
[4]. Weinstein, S. B. and Ebert, P. M., "Data transmission by frequency division COM-19, multiplexing using the discrete Fourier transform," IEEE Trans. Comm. Technology, . Vol. pp. 282- 289, Oct. 1971.
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Abstract: The designed antenna is about a configurable fork shape microstrip patch antenna. The antenna design is based on reconfigurable frequency conditions. The antenna was tested and simulated, and the antenna gain was improved under different frequency conditions of 4 to 7 GHz. Slotted antennas are suitable for both single band and multiband frequencies. The antenna has a substrate based on the FR4 epoxy design. The parameters of power, gain and radiated directivity are modified. The work and tests are performed by the CST software. Antenna inspections and evaluation results are presented.

Key Words: Reconfigurable, Patch antenna, edge fed, Fork Shape, CST

[1]. Libo Huang and P.Russer, "Electrically Tunable Antenna Design Procedure for MobileApplications", Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions , vol.56, no.12, pp.2789-2797, Dec. 2008
[2]. "Frequency-reconfigurable antennas for multi-radio wireless platforms", IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 10, pp. 66-83, 2009
[3]. Gardner, P., P. S. Hall, and J. Kelly, "Reconfigurable antennas for cognitive radio: Requirements and potential design approaches", Institution of Engineering and Technology Seminar on Wideband, Multiband Antennas and Arrays for Defence or Civil Applications,pp. 89-94, 2008

[4]. M. Spasos, N. Charalampidis, N. Mallios, D. Kampitaki, K. Tsiakmakis, P. TsivosSoel and R. Nilavalan, "On the Design of an Ohmic RF MEMS Switch for Reconfigurable Microstrip Antenna Applications", WSEAS Transactions On Communications, Issue 1, Vol. 8, Jan 2009
[5]. E. R. Brown, "RF-MEMS switches for reconfigurable integrated circuits",IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 46, no. 11,pp. 1868–1880, Nov. 1998.

Abstract: In wireless communication applications high data rates is the prime requirement. This demand necessities the need of inclusion of more number of antennas in wireless applications. These systems require an antenna with optimum bandwidth and polarization diversity. This paper discusses a compacted modified triangular antenna that functions at 2.45 GHz. The modified tapered triangular antenna structure gives the miniaturization. Also adding partial ground enhances bandwidth of MIMO microstrip antenna. The structure to be designed is a 2×2, microstrip fed tapered triangular MSA. The patches are kept orthogonal to produce polarization diversity. Antenna to be implemented has been structured on FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4. The antennas are simulated and the results for triangular single and 2X2 MIMO antenna are compared. 2X2 multi input multi output design..........

Key Words: miniaturization, partial ground, multiple-input– multiple-output (MIMO), polarization diversity, wideband and tapered antenna

[1]. Hyunwoo Lee and Byungje Lee, "Compact Broad Dual-Polarized Antenna for Indoor MIMO Wireless Communication Systems," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 64,no. 2, Feb. 2015.
[2]. L.H.Weng, Y.C.Guo, X.W.Shi, and X.Q.Chen, "An Overview on Defected Ground Structure," Progress in Electromagnetics research B, vol.7, 173-189, 2008
[3]. G.J.Foschini, "Layered space-time architecture for wireless communication in a fading environment when using multi element antennas," BLTJ, Autumn, 1996

[4]. Lalit Kumar, Anil Kumar Gautam, Member, IEEE, Lalit KumarKanauia,Member,IEEEandKarumudi Rambabu,Member, IEEE, Design of Compact F-Shaped Slot Triple Band Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX Applications,"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., doi 10.1109/TAP.2015.2513099
[5]. R. Anitha, V. P. Sarin, P. Mohanan, and K. Vasudevan,"Enhanced isolation with defected ground structure in MIMO antenna", Electronics Lett., vol. 50, no. 24,pp.1784-1786,November2014..

Abstract: Objective long-term health monitoring can improve the clinical management of several medical conditions ranging from cardiopulmonary diseases to motor disorders. In this paper, we present our work toward the development of a home-monitoring system. The system is currently used to monitor patients with Parkinson's disease who experience severe motor fluctuations. Monitoring is achieved using wearable sensors whose data are relayed to a remote clinical site via a web-based application. The work herein presented shows that wearable sensors combined with a web based application provide reliable quantitative information that can be used for clinical decision making..

Key Words: Parkinson, Sensor Node.

[1]. FilippoCasamassima, Alberto Ferrari, Bojan Milosevic, Pieter Ginis, ElisabettaFarella and Laura Rocchi, "A Wearable System for Gait Training in Subjects with Parkinson's Disease", Sensors 2014, pg. 6229-6246.
[2]. R. Jagannathan, Kukku Thomas and Merlin Lopus, "Ambulatory Wireless Monitoring of Tremors in Patients with Parkinson's Disease", Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 20 (12), 2014, pg.1894-1898.
[3]. SuryadipChakrabortya, Saibal K Ghosha, AnaghaJamthea, Dharma P Agrawala," Detecting mobility for monitoring patients with Parkinson's disease at home using RSSI in a Wireless Sensor Network", International Workshop on Body Area Sensor Networks (BASNet-2013), 2013, pg. 956 – 961.
[4]. Shyamal Patel, Bor-rong Chen, Thomas Buckley, Ramona Rednic, Doug McClure, Daniel Tarsy, Ludy Shih, Jennifer Dy, Matt Welsh, Paolo Bonato," Home Monitoring of Patients with Parkinson's Disease via Wearable Technology and a Web-based Application", 32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2010, pg. 4411-4414.
[5]. W. T. Latt, U-X. Tan, K. C. Veluvolu, C. Y. Shee, and W. T. Ang, "Physiological Tremor Sensing using only Accelerometers for Real-time Compensation",IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics, 2009, pg. 474-479..

Abstract: Multi purpose wireless sensors node for wireless network and control system using CMOS QPSK RF transmitter is proposed. Embedded systems are often distributed and deployed in various environments. Wireless nodes attached to circuits or appliances sense the current and/or control the usage. Wireless sensor networks are application-specific, so they have to involve both software and hardware. The added contributions to this work is, portability of the system, compact, customizable according to the application needs, allow for higher degrees of security and data encryption, and allow for routing thus extending the coverage area. The system makes a good utilization of the BW.............

Key Words: Embedded system, RF module, WBAN, QPSK CMOS Transmitter, Packets-Bit Frames, sensors nodes and zones, Wireless sensor networks, Sensor systems, information processing, network design

[1]. http://www.microchip.com/design-centers/wireless-connectivity/embedded-wireless/lora-technology
[2]. https://www.link-labs.com/lora
[3]. http://select.advantech.com/lora/en-us/
[4]. Heba A. Shawkey, Ghada H. Ibrahim, Mostafa A. Elmala and Dalia A. El-Dib, "Low Power QPSK RF transmitter for 405-406 MHZ MEDS band," International Journal of Engineering & Computer Science IJECS-IJENS Vol:14 No:03
[5]. A.Atress, H. Raafat, H. Shawkey . A. Zaki, "Zigbee Power Amplifier Linearization Using Cartesian Feedback," International Journal of Advanced Research (2016), Volume 4, Issue 3, 1769-1776..

Abstract: The fact that the signature is widely used as a means of personal verification emphasizes the need for an automatic verification system because of the unfortunate side-effect of being easily abused by those who would feign the identification or intent of an individual. A great deal of work has been done in the area of off-line signature verification over the past few decades. Verification can be performed either Offline or Online based on the application. Online systems use dynamic information of a signature captured at the time the signature is made. Offline systems work on the scanned image of a signature. In this paper, we present a method for Offline Verification of signatures using a set of simple shape based geometric features. The features that are used are Area, Euler's Number, Eccentricity, Standard deviation, Centroid, Skewness, Kurtosis and Orientation. Before extracting the features..............

Key Words: Offline signature; neural network; Geometric feature; False Acceptance Rate; False Rejection Rate.

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Abstract: In this paper, we present a collaborative spectrum sensing that employs an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to report the binary local spectrum sensing decisions to a cognitive base station (CBS) where the final decision about the presence or absence of the licensed user (LU) is made. During OFDM transmission the channel between the CR users and the CBS is assumed to be quasi-static multipath fading. The impact of reporting signal to noise ratio on the probability of errors for transmission between CR and CBS is presented in this paper. The effect of symbol time offset (STO) between CR user and the CBS on the reporting performance and on the overall false alarm and miss detection probabilities at the CBS is also investigated in this paper. Analytical and selected simulation results for system performance are presented in this article..

Key Words: Cognitive radio, Spectrum sensing, OFDM, STO, False alarm, Miss detection, Quasi-static.

[1]. A. Ghasemi and E. S. Sousa, "Collaborative spectrum sensing for opportunistic access in fading environments," in IEEE Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, Baltimore, MD, November 2005.
[2]. J. Mitola III, "Cognitive radio for flexible mobile multimedia communications,"Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 6, no. 5, September 2001.

[3]. W. Zhang, R. Mallik, K. Letaief, "Cooperative spectrum sensing optimization in cognitive radio networks", Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), May 2008, 3411-3415.
[4]. T. C. Aysal, S. Kandeepan and R. Piesiwicz "Cooperative spectrum sensing over imperfect channels," in Proc. IEEE Global Telecommun. Conf. Workshops, Dec. 2008,1-5.

[5]. A. Guimarães, G. P. Aquino, "Resource-efficient fusion over fading and non-fading reporting channels for cooperative spectrum sensing", Sensors, vol. 15, no. 1, 2015, 1861-1884