iosr-JECE   Volume-9 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2014

Abstract: This paper focuses on the planning associated construction of an improvement charging system for Li–Po batteries by suggests that of half-track star panels. Thus, the implementation of an entire energy management system applied to a robotic exploration vehicle is advance. The projected system was tested on the robotic platform—an autonomous remote-controlled exploration vehicle specialized in recognition. The interest of this robotic system lies within the style thought, supported a wise microcontroller. On this basis, our proposal makes a twofold vital contribution. On the one hand, it presents the development of a star chase mechanism geared toward increasing the rover's power in spite of its quality. On the opposite hand, it proposes an alternate style of facility performance supported a pack of 2 batteries. The aim is finishing the method of charging electric battery severally whereas the opposite battery provides all the energy consumed by the robotic vehicle.

Keywords: Li-po battery, Solar tracker, Robotic tool, Pick and place mechanism, Photovoltaic (PV)

[1]. Afarulrazi A B, Utomo W M, Liew K L and Zafari M (2011), ―Solar Tracker Robot Using Microcontroller‖, in Proc. Int. Conf. Bus. Eng. Ind. Appl., pp. 47-50.
[2]. Anderson I A, Ieropoulos I A, McKay T, O'Brien B and Melhuish C (2011), ―Power for Robotic Artificial Muscles‖, IEEE/ ASME Trans. Mechatronics, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 107-111.
[3]. Anderson K N and Carlson K (2008), ―Elecrothermal Microgrippers for Pick and Place Operations‖.
[4]. Bajracharya M, Maimone M W and Helmick D (2008), ―Autonomy for Mars Rovers: Past, Present, and Future‖, Computer, Vol. 41, No. 12, pp. 44-50.
[5]. Bartolomeo L, Zecca M, Sessa S, LinBio Rob Arm Z (2010), ―A Quiclkly Deployable and Intrinsically Safe, Light Weight Robot Arm for Service Robotics Application

Abstract: EEG-based brain-controlled mobile robots will serve as powerful aids for severely disabled individuals in their everyday life, especially to assist them move voluntarily. During this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the entire systems, key techniques, and analysis problems with brain-controlled mobile robots along side some insights into connected future analysis and development problems. We initial review and classify varied complete systems of brain-controlled mobile robots into 2 classes from the attitude of their operational modes. We tend to then describe key techniques that square measure used in these brain-controlled mobile robots together with the brain- computer interface techniques and shared management techniques. This description is followed by an analysis of the analysis problems with brain-controlled mobile robots together with participants, tasks and environments, and analysis metrics. We tend to conclude this paper with a discussion of the present challenges and future analysis directions.

Keywords: BCI, EEG, IEETA, Factors, Brain, Interface, Robot, FMRI, Sensor, MEG, PET

[1]. IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, pp. 85-90, Daejon, South-Korea, 2008.
[2]. Berger, T.W., J.K. Chapin, G.A. Gerhardt, D.J. McFarland, J.C. Princípe, W.V. Soussou, D.M. Taylor and P.A. Tresco,
[3]. Brain-Computer Interfaces: An International Assessment of Research and Development Trends, Springer, 2008. Birbaumer‚ N. and L. Cohen‚ "Brain-computer interfaces (BCI): communication and restoration of movement in paralysis"‚J. Physiology‚ January‚ 2007.
[4]. Fabiani, G.E., D.J., McFarland, J.R., Wolpaw, and G. Pfurtscheller, "Conversion of EEG activity into cursor movement by a brain-computer interface (BCI)", IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 12:331-338, 2004

Abstract: This paper describes the nyquist filter based technique to reduce the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) in multiple input multiple output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplication (MIMO-OFDM) systems. OFDM-MIMO system faces one of the main problems regarding PAPR of a transmitted signal. In present paper a nyquist filter along with conventional selected mapping (SLM) and alternative multiseqence (AMS) techniques are used for reducing the PAPR. The nyquist filter reduces the peak power of the transmitted signal and this may cause the reduction in PAPR. The simulated results are compared with conventional SLM and AMS techniques. Proposed nyquist filter based technique shows the lesser PAPR than the conventional SLM and AMS techniques. Coding and simulation has been done in Matlab 7.6.

Keywords: AMS, BER, MIMO, Nyquist Filter, OFDM, PAPR, SLM.

[1] T. Jiang, C. Ni and L. Guan, A Novel Phase Offset SLM Scheme for PAPR Reduction in Alamouti MIMO-OFGDM System Withiout Side Information, IEEE Signal processing letters,20(4), 2013, 383-386.

[2] T. Jiang and C. Li, Simple Alternative Multisequence for PAPR Reduction Without Side Information in SFBC MIMO-OFDM system, IEEE Transaction Vehicular Technology, 61(7), 2012, 3311-3315.

[3] H. Li, T. Jiang, A novel sub block linear combination scheme for peak to average power ratio reduction in OFDM system, IEEE Transaction on Braodcasting, 58(3), 2012, 360-369.

[4] L. Yang, K. K. Soo, S. Q. Li, and Y. M. Siu, PAPR Reduction using Low Complexity PTS to Construct of OFDM signals Without side information, IEEE Transaction on Broadcasting, 57(2), 2011, 284-290

[5] S.S. Jeng and J-M. Cheng, Efficient PAPR Reduction in OFDM system Based on a Companding Technique with Trapezium Distribution, IEEE Transaction on Braodcasting, 57(2), 2011, 291-298

Abstract: This paper analyzed features of headlamps of vehicle when turning the corner. When vehicle is driven on curved road headlamps turns as per vehicle body hence it has limited illumination. The adaptive front lightning system (AFS) improves visibility during night time driving. This project developed a new type of AFS (adaptive front-lighting system) based on CCD (charge-coupled device) which was better than traditional AFS. The main aim is to find curvature of road ahead in advance before turning the corner so as to adjust turning angle and steering accordingly. This new AFS used CCD image sensor to detect information about the corner and then sent curvature radius to control unit in advance. Meanwhile, accurate rotation angle of headlamps would calculated by control unit through curvature radius, and send it to servomotor to adjust headlamps to get the lighting beam which was suitable for the corner. By using this way, it could avoid "blind spot" caused by the fixed lighting area when coming into the corner, and improve driving safety. Keywords: photometric characteristics, adaptive front-lighting system, charge-coupled device, curvature radius, horizontal rotation angle, modeling and simulation.

[1] Research of Modeling and Simulation on Adaptive FrSystem for Corner Based on CCD. Fengqun Guo, Hui Xiao, Shouzh T. Aoki, H. Kitamura, K. Miyagawa, and M. Kaneda, (1997). "Development of active headlight system," (SAE Technical Paper Series No. 970650). Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1997.
[2] H. Hogrefe and R. Neumann, "Adaptive Light Pattern – A new way to improve Light Quality," SAE 970644, 1997.
[3] E. Groh, "Intelligent Lighting," SAE 970645, 1997.
[4] H. Hogrefe, "Adaptive front lighting systems for optimum illumination of curved roads, highway lanes and other driving situations," SAE 2000-01-0431. Warren dale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 2000.
[5] K. Ishiguro and Y. Yamada, "Control technology for bending mode AFS," SAE 2004-01-0441. Warren dale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 2004

Abstract: Image Compression addresses the problem of reducing the amount of data required to represent the digital image. Compression is achieved by the removal of one or more of three basic data redundancies known as coding redundancy, Inter pixel redundancy and psycho visual redundancy. Recent research in transformbased image compression has focused on the wavelet transform due to its superior performance over other transforms. In the recent survey, image is subjected to wavelet decomposition to obtain wavelet coefficients and then applied Hard or Soft thresholds for neglecting certain wavelet coefficients by manually selecting globa and local threshold values. Here, the manual threshold selection becomes very difficult because it depends on the type of image and its statistical properties like mean and standard deviation. In this paper we proposed an automated threshold selection scheme using wavelet based Particle Swarm Optimization which maintains trade of between peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and compression ratio (CR). The above work is implemented using MATLAB 2009.
Keywords: CR, Image compression, PSNR, PSO, soft threshold, wavelet decomposition

[1] Sindhu M., Rajkamal R, Image and Its Compression Techniques, International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, 2(4), 2009, 71-75

[2] S. G. Mallat, A Theory for Multiresolution Signal Decomposition: The Wavelet Representation, IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 11(7), 1989, 674-693

[3] Sonja Grgic, Mislav Grgic, and Branka Zovko-Cihlar, Performance Analysis of Image Compression using Wavelets, IEEE Trans. On industrial Electronics, 48(3), 2001

[4] Iman Elyasi and Sadesh Zarmehi, Elimination Noise by Adaptive Wavelet Threshold, world academy of science, engineering and technology, 56, 2009.

Abstract: This letter proposes a power delay profile (PDP) estimation technique for linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) channel estimator of multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) sys-tems. For practical applications, only the pilot symbols of all transmit antenna ports are used in estimating the PDP. The distortions caused by null subcarriers and an insufficient number of samples for PDP estimation are also considered. The proposed technique effectively reduces the distortions for accurate PDP estimation. Simulation results show that the performance of LMMSE channel estimation using the proposed PDP estimate approaches that of Wiener filtering due to the mitigation of distortion effects.
Index Terms: Channel estimation, power delay profile, MIMO, OFDM, 3GPP-LTE

[1] TS 36.211, "Physical channels and modulation," in 3GPP TSG RAN1, Rev. 10.1.0, Jan. 2011.

[2] T. W. Yune, C. H. Choi, G. H. Im, J. B. Lim, E. S. Kim, Y. C. Cheong, and K. H. Kim, "SC-FDMA with iterative multiuser detection: improvements on power/spectral efficiency," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 164–171, Mar. 2010.

[3] U. K. Kwon, D. Kim, and G. H. Im, "Amplitude clipping and iterative reconstruction of MIMO-OFDM signals with optimum equalization," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 8, pp. 268–277, Jan. 2009.

[4] L. Zheng and D. N. Tse, "Diversity and multiplexing: a fundamental tradeoff in multiple antenna channels," IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 49, pp. 1073–1096, May 2003.

[5] H. C. Won and G. H. Im, "Iterative cyclic prefix reconstruction and channel estimation for a STBC OFDM system," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 9, pp. 307–309, Apr. 2005

Abstract: In a multiple transmit antenna, single antenna per receiver downlink channel with limited channel state feedback, we consider the following question: given a constraint on the total system-wide feedback load, is it preferable to get low rate / coarse channel feedback from a large number of receivers or high-rate/high-quality feedback from a smaller number of receivers. Acquiring feedback from many receivers allows multiuser diversity to be exploited, while high-rate feedback allows for very precise selection of beamforming directions. In terms of system design, this corresponds to a preference for acquiring high-quality feedback from a few users on each time-frequency resource block, as opposed to coarse feedback from many users on each block.

Keywords: antenna, feedback, beamforming, multiuser

[1]. J. Kim, H. Kim, C. Park, and K. Lee, "On the performance of multiuser MIMO systems in WCDMA/HSDPA: beamforming, feedback and user diversity,"IEICE Trans. Commun., vol. 89, no. 8, pp. 2161–2169, 2006.
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[4]. G. Caire, N. Jindal, and S. Shamai, "On the required accuracy of transmitter channel state information in multiple antenna broadcast channels," in Proc. 2007 Asilomar Conf. Signal, Syst., Comput.,pp. 287–291.
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Abstract: Human Computer Interaction plays a key role in daily life like controlling Mouse operations, Keyboard operations controlling it in different ways like Physical, Cognitive, and Affective. In this Project We are Analyzing Human computer Interaction based on Virtual and Cognitive Technologies. Virtual Technology based on RGB Technique and Cognitive Mouse Control Based on RF Communication.

Keywords: HCI, Matlab, Image Processing RF Communication, Camera

[1]. Bare Finger Touch Detection by the Button's Distortion in Projector-Camera System by Jun Hu, Guolin Li, Xiang Xie, Zhong Lv, Zhihua Wang, Senior, IEEE -2013
[2]. Y. Sato,Y. Kobayashi,H. Koike ―Fast tracking of hands and fingertips in infrared images foraugmented desk interface‖,2000
[3]. Z. Zhang, Y. Wu, Y.Shan, S. Shafer ―Visual panel: Virtual mouse keyboard detection‖ July, 2003
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Abstract: Radio spectrum is considered as one of the most evaluated natural resources in communication system, which all of users shares this resource and is affected directly by any change on it. Also one of the latest technologies in radio spectrum management called Cognitive radio emerged in last years of 20th century; leads to new era of exploit radio spectrum in basis of sharing resources without affecting other user whom may coexists in the same band. From this point of view this paper discusses cognitive radio main concept in band coexistence through choosing the appropriate modulation scheme, which can achieves data rate and control QoS. The discussion will be concern of two modulation schemes BPSK and 16QAM, their performance in term of bit error rate BER and the ability to achieve data rate

Key word: PU, SU, SDR, BPSK, 16QAM, QoS, Matlab, simulink, Cognitive radio.

[1]. Alexander M. Wyglinski , Maziar Nekovee , Y. Thomas Hou "Cognitive Radio Communications and Networks Principles and Practice"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, BT Research and University College London, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University- Chapter 2 ,pp16-19.2010.
[2]. J.Mitola III G.QMaguire Jr "Cognitive radio:Making software radio more personal" IEEECommunication Vol 6 -Augest1999.
[3]. Mohamed Hamid "dynamic spectrum access in cognitive radio networks: aspects of MAC layer sensing" A thesis Presented In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology December 2008,Chapter 1 pp1.
[4]. Farrukh Javed "Cognitive Radios Spectrum Sensing and Allocation Techniques"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Centre for Advanced Studies in Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan,2008 ,chapter 1 pp 1-8.

Abstract: The capability of perfect MIMO channels has a high SNR grade that equals the minimum of the add up to of transmit and receive stsam. This is due to the fact that, unlike base stations, relays are low-cost nodes that can be easily deployed and, hence, enhances the network agility. The vast majority of works in the context of relaying networks make the assumption of ideal transceiver hardware. The vast majority of technical
contributions in the area of relaying assume ideal transceiver hardware. Technological advances can reduce transceiver impairments, but there is currently an opposite trend towards small low-cost low-power transceivers where the inherent dirty RF effects are inevitable and the transmission is instead adapted to them. We prove analytically that such physical MIMO channels have a finite upper capacity limit, for any channel distribution and SNR. The high-SNR slope thus collapses to zero. One explanation is the finite channel coherence time that limits the resources for channel acquisition and coordination between nodes, thus creating a finite fundamental ceiling for the network spectral efficiency— irrespectively of the power and the number of antennas. sannetna ,snoitats esab ,erawdrah ,RNS

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