iosr-JECE   Volume-4 ~ Issue-5

Abstract: In this paper, different techniques for reducing Peak To Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is discussed. The performance of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) system is degraded if the peak-toaverage power ratio(PAPR) is high. An OFDM system dynamic range is typically two or four times larger than a single carrier system increasing value of the dynamic range will lead to an increased cost, power consumption of transmitter amplifier and also lead to high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). This is one of the major drawbacks of OFDM system. A serious problem of large PAPR presents when energy-inefficient nonlinear power amplifiers are used. Several techniques have been proposed to reduce PAPR in OFDM system, out of that few are selective mapping (SLM), tone reservation and partial transmit sequence. SLM method could be used to reduce PAPR, however, it causes the BER degradation and increases computational complexity. The good improvement in PAPR given by the present techniques permits the reduction of the complexity and cost of the transmitter significantly.
Keywords: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), partial transmit sequence (PTS), peak to average power ratio (PAPR), selective mapping (SLM), tone reservation.

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Abstract: Image Inpainting technique is of filling in holes in an image to preserve its overall continuity. There are many applications of this technique include the restoration of old photographs and damaged film; removal of labeled text like dates, subtitles, or publicity; and the removal of entire objects from the image like microphones or wires in special effects; also repaire the scratches on pahotograph and image. The older techniques, having a problem, which has been addressed by two classes of algorithms: (I) "texture synthesis" algorithms for generating large image regions from sample textures, and (II) "inpainting" techniques for filling in small image gaps. Image inpainting techniques is the art of restoring the lost or scratch part of image and repaired it by using patch from the same image which is to be inpainted. The tool provides the GUI (Graphic User Interface) by which user can easily select the area which is to be inpaint. Then the tool is automatically inpaint the selected region according to the background information.
Keywords: Exemplar method, Flowchart,Implementation details, Introduction, Previous work

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Abstract: In the coming years, there is great demand for high-speed data transmissions on cost effective basis. In order to achieve the same a new technology known as the Ultra WideBand (UWB) has been used. This technology has revolutionary advantages of an unlicensed service that can be used anywhere, anytime, by anyone. UWB is well known technology for its use in communications and radar applications, unlike traditional systems; this can only operate over a specific range of frequencies. UWB devices operate by employing a series of very short electrical pulses that result in very wideband transmission bandwidths. In addition, UWB signals can run at high speed and low input power. Hence, there is a need to implement characteristics while designing small antennas. The purpose of this work is to propose an inexpensive, light-weight, compact and portable new type ultra-wideband antenna for pulsed applications. The general approach to this design is to feed the antenna by a 50 ohm Sub Miniature A (SMA) cable through a micro strip line. Firstly the model is simulated using AnsoftHigh Frequency Structure Simulation(HFSS) software. This Ansoft HFSS software is mainly used for antenna analysis and design. The software is based on The Method of Moments (MoM) algorithm and therefore quantitative results can be obtained. In an attempt to achieve the best overall performance, experimental simulation results are continually assessed using different parameters so as to get the best results. This was followed by constructing the prototype. The final prototype fabricated showed comparable results of the simulation.
Keywords: Ultra Wideband, Microstrip Antenna, Partial Ground Plane, Monopole antenna,

[1] Seok H. Choi,1 Jong K. Park,1 Sun K. Kim,1 and Jae Y. Park," A new Ultra -Wideband antenna for UWB applications" Microwave
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Abstract: Vehicle License Plate recognition has turned out to be a vital appliance of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). In view of the fact that license plates can be put back, wrap or simply alter, they are not the eventual result for vehicle identification. The intention is to widen a structure where by Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) is digitally take picture and then identified by segmenting the characters from the images confined. In the proposed work a novel moves toward for segmentation of characters of license plate using Connected Component Analysis (CCA). In the beginning stage the identification number of the Vehicle was kept back in focal point and images were captured. The images were then focus to pre-processing which consists of image processing algorithms. These images were further powerfully developed by taking into account making the distance transform. The forgotten time and entropy results give a study for rising the effectiveness and highquality performance of CCA segmentation. The projected work presents a new method for License Plate Characters' Segmentation. The proposed approach is more effective than some of the presented method reported past.
Keywords: ITS- Intelligent Transportation Systems, Connected Component Analysis, Plate detection, Plate Cropping, Character Segmentation Normalization and Quantization.

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Abstract: Portable ECG system is used for long term monitoring of patients at the risk of life threatening cardiac arrhythmias. The idea of design work is to develop an algorithm for efficient QRS detection with low power consumption. The design will use OMAP 3530 application based processor and DSP core for ECG signal conditioning. After processing data, it will send to the clinical station through USB dongle or over the internet. The QRS detection algorithm uses matched filter to achieve optimized filtering and high SNR. This electronic document justifies the application along with designing scheme.
Keywords: Cardiac Arrhythmias, ECG, OMAP, QRS detection

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Abstract: Iris recognition is a part of biometric identification methodologies which also include facial, fingerprint, retinal and many other biological traits. They all over a new solution for person identification, authentication and security. Currently users have to carry security badges or know certain pin/pass codes in order to get into secure zones or to log into a computer. Problem with these methods is that users have to remember lots of different passwords and pin codes which therefore tend to be rather easy to guess and crack since users prefer passwords that are easy to remember. Cards can be lost and they can be used by anyone to gain access to a restricted area or to a restricted computer. Biometrics on the other hand provide a certain and easy way of authenticating persons, biometrics are also quite hard to forge and combined with some other method like password they form up a very strong authentication method.
Index terms: iris code, gabour filter, biometrics, feature extraction

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Abstract: A high-speed 64-bit binary comparator is proposed in this brief. Comparison is most basic arithmetic operation that determines if one number is greater than, equal to, or less than the other number. Comparator is most fundamental component that performs comparison operation. This brief presents comparison of modified and existing 64-bit binary comparator designs concentrating on delay. Means some modifications are done in existing 64-bit binary comparator design to improve the speed of the circuit. Comparison between modified and existing 64-bit binary comparator designs is calculated by simulation that is performed at 90nm technology in Tanner EDA Tool.
Keywords - Binary comparator, digital arithmetic, high-speed.

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Abstract:Users at the cell edge in a cellular network suffer from low data rate due to low SINR Cooperative transmission schemes which are used in wireless networks to improve the spectral efficiency. In this paper, we study the downlink capacity of edge users in a cellular network and see whether base station cooperation improves the spectral efficiency. The base-stations coordinate their transmission to the two cell-edge users in order to improve their Signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR) and throughput. Selective Cooperation, where the selection criterion is based on throughput, is proposed. The capacity achieved through Cooperation is shared equally among the cell-edge users. Results show that, the proposed hybrid scheme provides a better result compared to full-time cooperation.
Keywords-spectral efficiency,data rate,cell edge user,Capacity