IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-10 ~ Issue-7 ~ July 2016

Abstract: This study compared the application of time series methods for forecasting groundwater levels at nine upazila's in Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. Accurate and reliable groundwater level forecasting models can help ensure the sustainable use of groundwater. A new method was proposed for forecasting groundwater level by combining the wavelet technique with seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and neural network autoregressive (NNAR) model applied to monthly groundwater level............

KeyWords: Groundwater Level Forecasting; Rajshahi District; W-SARIMA; W-NNAR

[1]. Adamowski, J. and H. F. Chan (2011).A wavelet neural network conjunction model for groundwater level forecasting. Journal of
Hydrology407(1): 28-40.
[2]. Adamowski, J. and K. Sun (2010).Development of a coupled wavelet transform and neural network method for flow forecasting of non-perennial rivers in semi-arid watersheds. Journal of Hydrology 390(1): 85-91.
[3]. Adamowski, J., Karapataki, C., 2010. Comparison of multivariate regression and artificial neural networks for peak urban water-
demand forecasting: evaluation of different ANN learning algorithms. J. Hydrol. Eng. 15 (10), 729-743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000245.
[4]. Adamowski, K., A. Prokoph and J. Adamowski (2009).Development of a new method of wavelet aided trend detection and
estimation. Hydrological Processes23(18): 2686-2696.
[5]. Box, G. E. P., G. M. Jenkins, G. C. Reinsel and G. M. Ljung (1976).Time series analysis: forecasting and control, John Wiley & Sons.

Abstract: Air conditioners are temperature cooling equipment used in modifying air temperature of homes, offices, and industries for various reasons. Nevertheless, such artificial environments may be favorable to fungi, bacteria, protozoan and mites growth, which may bring health risks to users, either by hypersensitivity or infections. The microbial contamination of these air conditioner filters was examine in Tertiary Institution in Sokoto north western part of Nigeria using culture techniques.........

Keywords: Air-conditioning filters, bacteria, fungi, microbial contamination, cooling equipment

[1] Nester E.N.C.E, Lidstrom M.E, Nester M.M (1996).Epidemiology and public Health in Microbiology.Pp. 640.
[2] Brown R.C and Wake D. (2000).Bio-aerosols in indoor environment. Journal of aerosol science Pp. 181- 186.
[3] Miller leiden S.C, Nazaroff W.W (1997). Air and waste management association Pp. 869.
[4] Decoemo G.A.L, Stewart I.W, Griffith W.D (2000). Journal of aerosol science Pp. 683- 686.
[5] Nordel E.A (2000). American review of respiratory diseases Pp. 501-503.

Abstract: Chickpea locally known as garbanzos is being introduced in the Philippines to help reduce importation, improve nutritional problem and as alternative high value crop for the farmers and provide alternative health promoting food products in the market and alternative livelihood opportunities for entrepreneurs. ICCV 93952, ICCV 92311, ICCV 2, ICCV 94954, ICCV 95332, produced high yields and found to be productive under highlands conditions. Chickpea is a good source of minerals, protein and trace elements. Based on the results of the nutritional content of chickpea flour, it showed that it is high in dietary fiber, potassium, iron and sodium.........

Keywords: buns, desi-type, kabuli-type, garbanzos, leche flan

[1]. Gonzales, F.R, et al 2010. Package of Technology of chickpea (Cicer arietanum L.) in Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR). Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet
[2]. Gonzales, I. C., H. L. Qunidara, ET. Botangen. 2009. Development of chickpea based food products. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet
[3]. FNRI-DOST. 1997. The Philippine Food Composition. FNRI-DOST, Bicutan, Taguig, Metro Manila.
[4]. www.livestrong.com/article/chickpea.diet
[5]. Food references.com.
[6]. FNRI-DOST. 2009. Glyceamic index of common foods. FNRI-DOST, Taguig, Metro Manila

Abstract: Agricultural productivity in Kenya, as in many developing countries, is significantly affected by rainfall variability. The reliability of the rain for agricultural purposes has reduced in the recent years due to climate variability and change. In the study area, there is a continued trend of more frequent and intense climate related disasters which is expected to have significant impacts on the livelihood activities. Most studies on the impact of climate variability on farming practices and the response strategies have mainly focused on arid and semi-arid regions of Kenya and have used community level data..........

Keywords: Weather shocks, Rainfall, Rainfall variability

[1]. UNDP (2008). Human Development Report (2007/08). Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World. UNDP Nairobi, Kenya.
[2]. Vaga, F. E., Jaramillo., Olanye A., Kamonjo C., and Jaramillo A. (2009). Thermal Tolerance of the Coffee Berry Borer Hypothenemus hampei: Predictions of Climate Change Impact on a Tropical Insect Plant. PLoS ONE 4(8): e6487.doi 10.137/ journal.pore.0006487.
[3]. Ojwang, G.O., Agatsiva, J. and Situma, C. (2010). Analysis of Climate Change and Variability Risk in Smallholder Sector: Case studies of the Laikipia and Narok districts representing major agro-ecologocal zones in Kenya. FAO, Environment and Natural Resources Management Working Paper 41.
[4]. Owolabi, H.O., Gyimah, E.K. and Amponsah, O.M. (2012). Assessment of Junior High School Students' Awareness of Climate Change and Sustainable Development in Central Region, Ghana. Educational Research Journal, Vol. 2 (9) pp 305-317, Sept.2012.
[5]. Makenzi P., Ketiem P., Omondi P., Maranga E. and Wekesa C. (2013). Trend Analysis of Climate Change and its Impacts on Crop Productivity in the Lower Tana River Basin, Kenya. Octa Journal of Environmental Research. Vol. 1 (4): 237-248.

Abstract: This study was conducted to prepare biscuits by the addition of cabbage powder with refined wheat flour at different levels viz. 0, 5, 10, 15, 20% in the standard formulation. The aim of this study was to find out better formulated biscuit on the basis of sensory characteristics, nutritional composition and the physical properties of prepared biscuits. Biscuit prepared by the addition of cabbage powder with refined wheat flour at the level of 10% was found to be more acceptable from sensory point of view..........

Keywords: Cabbage Powder, Physico-chemical properties, Product development, Biscuit

[1] AACC 2000. Approved Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists. Method 08-01, Method 10-54, Method 30-25, Method 38-12, Method 44-01, Method 46-12, Method 54-21, Method 56- 60,Method 56-81B. 3rd ed. American Assoc. of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, Minnesota.
[2] Adeniji OT, Swai I, Oluoch MO, Tanyongana R And Aloyce A (2010). Evaluation of head yield and participatory selection of horticultural characters in cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. Capitata L.). Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science 2(8): 243-250
[3] Akhter F (2006). Economics of some selected winter vegetable production in an area of trishal Upazilla in Mymensingh District, M.S. Thesis, Department of Agriculture Economics, Bangladesh Agriculture University, Bangladesh

[4] AOAC 2000. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of the Official Analytical Chemists. 14th ed.The Association, Arlington, USA.
[5] AOAC., 2004. Official Methods of Analysis. 17th Edn., Association of Official Analytical Chemists,

Abstract: The availability and the levels of heavy metals contamination was assessed in marine mollusk species Acanthopleura gemmata from Fort Jesus, Mombasa Kenya. The levels of heavy metal contamination in flesh and shells of Acanthopleura gemmata were compared with that of marine algae U. Lactuca and U. Reticulata species, water and sediment in its environment. The heavy metals investigated included Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd and were assed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The results of this study indicated that the concentrations of all the heavy metals were high in the flesh samples of Acanthopleura gemmata as compared to the algae, shells, water and sediments samples.........

Keywords: Chitons, heavy metals, bioaccumulation, AAS, Fort Jesus

[1]. Duffus J. H., (2002) "Heavy Metals" – A meaningless term. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 74: 793-807.
[2]. Förstner U. and Wittmann G. T. W., (2012) Metal Pollution in the Aquatic Environment. Springer Science & Business Media, second edition Science – P 1-25.
[3]. UNEP/GPA (2006), The State of the Marine Environment: Trends and Processes. UNEP/GPA,The Hague.
[4]. Baby j., Raj J. S., Biby E. T., Sankarganesh P., Jeevitha M. V., Ajisha S. U. and Rajan S. S., (2010) Toxic Effects of Heavy Metals on Aquatic Environment. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Science 4(4): 939-952
[5]. Naser A. H., (2013) Assessment and Management of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Marine Environment of the Arabian Gulf: A Review. Marine Pollution Bulletin 72: 6–13.

Abstract: The ability of photosynthetic organisms to utilize CO2 for photosynthesis depends in part on the properties of RuBisCo and carbonic anhydrase. Conversion of CO2 for the synthesis of chemicals by photosynthetic organisms is an attractive target for establishing independence from fossil reserves. Purified carboxysomes were isolated from Synechococcus sp. and Fischerella muscicola with the MW of 29 to 30 KDa. Kinetic study on carbonic anhydrase activity was performed and the total carbonic anhydrase activity was maximum in Synechococcus sp. and minimum in Fischerella muscicola.........

Keywords: Carbonic anhydrase, Carboxysomes, Fischerella muscicola, RuBisCo and. Synechococcus sp.,

[1] J.M. Armstrong, D.V. Myers, J.A. Verpoorte, and J.T. Edsall, Purification and properties of human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrases, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 241, 1996, 5137 – 5149.
[2] C.A. Atkins, B.D. Patterson, and D. Graham, Plant Carbonic Anhydrases, preparation and some properties of monocotyledon and dicotyledon enzyme types, Plant Physiology, 50, 1972, 218 – 223.
[3] C. Capassoa, V.D. Lucaa, V. Carginalea, P. Caramuscioc, F.N. Catarina, C.C. Raffaele, and M. Rossi, Characterization and Properties of a New Thermoactive and Thermostable Carbonic Anhydrase, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 27, 2012, 271 – 276.
[4] T. Hiltonen, J. Karlsson, K. Palmqvist, A.K. Clarke, and G. Samuelsson, Purification and characterisation of an intracellular carbonic anhydrase from the unicellular green alga Coccomyxa, Planta, 195, 1995, 345 – 351.
[5] A.G. Huesgen, Sensitive and Reliable Amino Acids Analysis in Protein Hydrolysates Using the Agilent 1100 Series HPLC, Technical Note by Agilent Technologies, Publication Number 5968 – 5658.

Abstract: Agrotourism is an important approach for rural development and it is especially important in Tampusu area in Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi. This study aims to determine the role of provincial and stakeholder in Tampusu agrotourism development, identifying attraction, amenity and accessibility aspects, and developing strategy for agrotourism development. Field survey was done in Tampusu area in Minahasa Regency through field survey to identify the role of government and stakeholders, especially in the perspectives of its socio-political aspects........

Keywords: rural development, conservation, cultural preservation, agrotourism strategy

[1]. E.E. Rodenburg, The effects of scale in economic development: Tourism in Bali, Annals of tourism Research 7(2), 1980, 177-196.
[2]. M.J.Walpole and H.J. Goodwin, Local economic impacts of dragon tourism in Indonesia, Annals of tourism research 27(3), 2000, 559-576.
[3]. B. Prideaux, E. Laws and B. Faulkner, Events in Indonesia: exploring the limits to formal tourism trends forecasting methods in complex crisis situations, Tourism management 24(4), 2003, 475-487.
[4]. BPS, 2015. Statistik Pariwisata Indonesia, Indonesian tourism Statistics (Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2015).
[5]. N.P. Nickerson, R.J. Black and S.F. McCool, Agritourism: Motivations behind farm/ranch business diversification, Journal of Travel Research 40(1), 2001, 19-26.

Abstract: Milk composition and safety are essential factors for both commercial and human health reasons. Here we characterized the microbiological quality of raw cow milk collected in the Oulmes region (Middle Atlas, Morocco).Forty milk samples were collected during autumn 2013, winter 2014, and spring 2014.Microbiological analysis showed that the mean mesophilic aerobic flora count was 15.7x102 CFU/ml and the mean total coliform count ranged from 5.5x102 to 22.3x102 CFU/ml; therefore, approximately 5% of samples were contaminated by fecal coliforms.........

Keywords: Milk, Oulmes race, microbiological analysis, pathogenic bacteria

[1]. MAPM/De, 2014. Statistiques Agricoles ; Productions Animales. Ministère de L'agriculture et de la Pêche Maritime/Direction de L'élevage, Rabat, Maroc.
[2]. Boujenane I., (2002). Les races bovines au Maroc. Rabat : Actes Édition, 144 p.
[3]. Ait Bella, M. 2006. « Contribution à l'élaboration des bases de qualification de la viandebovine locale : Cas de la race Oulmès – Zaer ». Mémoire de l'Institut Agronomique et
[4]. Vétérinaire Hassan II. 157 pages.
[5]. Chatibi, Saidi. 2011. La filière viande bovine au Maroc : Quelles place pour l'élevagetraditionnel et quelles bases de qualification pour la viande locale ? Thèse présentée pourl'obtention du grade Docteur En Sciences Economique. Université de Corse-Pasquale Paoli.334 pages.

Abstract: This study was aimed at discovering the local sand media sources establishing their physical, chemical properties and performance in a pilot filtration plant. The sand from River Benue and River CHANCHAGA in North central Nigeria were used in this study and subjected to various soil mechanics and hydraulic tests. The results showed that, the sands from the rivers have effective sizes........

Keywords: Backwashing, CHANCHAGA Sand, Filtration, Hydraulic Tests and River Benue

[1]. T. A. Zondi, B. M. Brouckaert P. Pillay, M. J. Pryorl, and A. Amirtharajah. Assessment of the use of Autonomous Valve less filters for Turbidity Removal in Rural Applications, Proceedings of the WISA Biennial Conference and Exhibition, Durban, 19-23 May, 2002.
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Abstract: The study was conducted to observe the influence of hydrocolloids on whey beverages. Initially the effect of two hydrocolloids (i.e. Carboxy-methylcellulose; CMC and high methoxyl pectin; HMP each with 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% concentrations) on acceptability profile of cow or buffalo milk whey beverages were evaluated and among these, the whey beverage (both cow or buffalo milk) with 0.2% CMC or HMP were found more acceptable. Further the influence of acceptable concentration (0.2%) of hydrocolloids on physico-chemical and sensory attributes of cow and/or buffalo milk whey beverages were evaluated against their corresponding controls.........

Keywords: Hydrocolloids,Carboxy-methylcellulose,high methoxyl pectin, cow, buffalo milk, whey beverage

[1]. Hegedusic V., Z.HercegandR.Suzana, Rheological properties of carboxy methyl-cellulose and whey model solutions before and after freezing. Food TechnolBiotechnol38, 2000, 19-26.
[2]. Dluzewska E, M. PanasiewiczandK.Leszczyski, Effect of gum arabic and modified starch on stability of beverage emulsions. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities 7(2),2004, 10. [3]. Gaviria P.M, D.A.RestrepoandH.M.Suarez, Use of dairy beverages in hydrocolloids kumis type. Vitae17,2010, 29-36.
[4]. JiT.andZ.U.Haque, Cheddar whey processing and source. I. Effect on composition and functional properties of whey protein concentrates. Int J Food SciTechnol38,2003, 453-461.

Abstract: India has a wealth of indigenous intelligence in creating new and healthy food products. Among diverse food culture of India, the indigenous food products and processing techniques which belong to southern region of India puttu was selected for execution of study in this research project which has the wider scope of industrialization, expediency and therapeutic value. Popular rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars namely raw rice (IR20), parboiled rice, brown rice (kaikuthal arisi), red rice (matta rice) and black rice (kavuni rice) were selected for the development of puttu.........

Keywords: Puttu, Flour, Rice, food

[1]. Aadil Abbas, Shahzad Murtaza, Faiza Aslam, Ayesha Khawar, Shakeela Rafique and Sumera Naheed, 2011. Effect of Processing on Nutritional Value of Rice (Oryza sativa), World Journal of Medical Sciences 6 (2): 68-73

[2]. AOAC, Official Methods of Analysis, Washington: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 2000, 17th Edition.

[3]. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation), (2002) World Agriculture: Towards 2015/2030. Summary Report. FAO, Rome.
[4]. Ikram Ullah , Muhammad Ali and Arifa Farooqi, 2010, Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 9 (11): 1113-1117, Chemical and Nutritional Properties of Some Maize (Zea mays L.) Varieties Grown in NWFP, Pakistan.
[5]. Lloyd, B.J., T.J. Siebenmorgen and K.W. Beers, 2000. Effects of Commercial Processing on Antioxidants in Rice Bran. Cereal Chem., 77(5): 551-555.

Abstract: This research was carried out to examine the effect of deforestation on tree species in in four communities (Ajaka, Imere, Okpe and Okochogbe)inIgalamela Local Government Area of Kogi State. Quadrat plots measuring 30metres square each, separated by transects of 5metres of undisturbed forest were used for the analysis, also undisturbed farmland were used as control. Simpson's Index was used to determine species diversity within the study area. The result revealed that agriculture has been abandoned by the youth as the aged people are mostly limited to subsistence farming most of who adopt indigenous farming techniques such as bush........

Keywords: Deforestation, afforestation, reforestation, Species, Forestry, .Quadrat, transect, diversity.

[1]. Achard, F., Gallego, J., Richards T., Malingreau J., Eva H., Stibig H., and Mayaux P. (2002). "Determination of deforestation rates of the world's humid tropical forests." Science, Vol. 297, No.5583, pp. 999–1002.
[2]. Agbola, T. (2008). "The Value of land use planning to sustainable development." Paper presented at the Urban Summit held at the Transcorp Hilton Hotel, Abuja, 1st- 3rd September.
[3]. Akinsami, F.A. (2006). "Challenges of forest production for economic development." Paper presented at 31st Annual Conference of the Forestry Association of Nigeria, Markurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, 20th -25th November, pp.1-9.
[4]. Amous, S. (1999)."The role of wood energy in Africa," in Wood Energy Today for Tomorrow (WETT) Regional Studies.FAO Forestry Department Working Paper FOPW/99/3, FAO, Rome.
[5]. Ayoade, J. O. (2004). Introduction to Climatology for the Tropics (2nd ed.). Ibaban:Spectrum Book Limited.

Abstract: The water quality of Dal Lake has tremendously been affected in the past three to four decades and has rendered it to useless from many aspects like drinking, aesthetic view, etc. The paper is an attempt to present the condition of water quality in the study area through water quality indices water quality index is a method of generating a number by assessing various physiochemical parameters which describes the water quality of a waterbody which usually ranges from 0 to 100. The drinking water quality index and the general water quality index have been calculated by use of Weighted Arithmetic Index........

Keywords: Dal Lake, NSF, Srinagar, Water Quality, WQI,

[1] Abbasi and Abbasi, Water Quality Indices, (2002) Volume1, e-book ISBN: 9780444543059.
[2] APHA, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater.
[3] Barki, D.N., Singa, P.K., (2014) "Water Quality Assessment In Terms of Water Quality Index" Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Health Sciences ISSN 2319:5584, Volume 3(3), pp 69-71.
[4] Chauhan, P., Kaur, M., Kaur, A., Kumar, S., Sahota, H.S., (2014) "On water quality standards and water quality indices" International Journal of Science and Research ISSN 2139-7064, Volume 3(8), pp 1426-1428
[5] Dhaarani, D., Ilavarsan, N., (2015) "Water Quality Analysis on Yeracud Lake" Asian Review of Civil Engineering ISSN: 2249-6203 ,Volume 4(1), pp 28-31

Abstract: The cyanogenic potentials of three newly released cassava varieties (Ampong, Broni and Otuhia) were evaluated at different ages of harvest. The pH values and cyanide content of the flour produced from these cassava roots were studied to find out how they were affected by age, variety and pre-treatment. The pre-treatment method used were Chipping, toasting, chipping and steeping in citric acid, grating, and steeping in citric acid and toasting. Results obtained from the study showed that the cyanide content of the fresh roots were significantly affected by both age and variety while the pH and cyanide contents of the cassava flour................

Keywords: Cassava, cyanogenicglucoside, pH, pre-treatment, variety

[1]. Balagopalan, C., et al., Cassava in food, feed, and industry. 1988: CRC Press, Inc.
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Abstract: Today, cancer is a common household word, each of us is closely associated with at least one near and dear one, a family member or a friend, a neighbor or a colleague, diagnosed with cancer. In India, there is also a perception that cancer incidence is on the increase; and a hope that perhaps with the advances in technology, cancer is diagnosed more frequently may be a change in our attitude and approach, the myths associated with cancer are vanishing and we are more open to accepting cancer diagnosis and discussing
cancer more openly..................

Keywords: Cancer, Risk factors, awareness, Prevention.

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[5]. NET MATTER

Abstract: Guava slices were immersed in a solution containing sugar solution of 50, 60 and 70 oBrix for about 4 h, at three different osmotic solution temperatures 35, 45 and 55°C. The effect of process parameters (such as duration of osmosis, syrup concentration and syrup temperature) on mass transport data (such as water loss , solid gain and mass reduction) during osmotic dehydration were studied. After 4 hr of osmotic dehydration, the mass reduction, water loss and sugar gain were in the range of 14.05 to 23.8, 18.88 to 33.46 and 4.72 to 10.08 per cent corresponding to low level (35°C, 50°Brix) and high levels (55°C, 70°Brix) of syrup temperature and concentration, respectively.................

Keywords: Osmotic dehydration, water loss, mass reduction, sugar gain

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[2]. S.K. Mitra, M.R. Gurung and P.K. Pathak. Guava production and improvement in India: an overview. Acta Horticulture, 787, 2007, 59-68.
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