IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-10 ~ Issue-7 ~ July 2016

Abstract: The study was carried out to investigate the levels of some physicochemical parameters, nutrients and trace metals in water from Iwofe, Bonny and Nembe ferry terminals. The physicochemical parameter of water (temperature, pH, salinity, conductivity, TDS and DO) were checked in-situ while the trace metals (Pb, Fe, Cd and Cr) were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) after acid digestion. The values of trace metals (mg/L) in Bonny were 0.41 (Cd); <0.001 (Cr); 0.012 (Ni) and 0.24 (Pb)]; Iwofe were 0.13 (Cd); <0.001 (Cr), <0.001 (Ni) and 0.31(Pb)] and Nembe, were 0.43 (Cd), <0.001 (Cr), <0.001(Ni) and 0.36 (Pb).,........

Keywords: Inland waters, ferry terminals, nutrients, trace metals, permissible limits, and physicochemical parameters,

[1]. G. M. Brown, Port Harcourt Port and Inland Waterways in Nigeria, 1913-2010: A Historical Perspective. IOSR Journal Of
Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) 2(5), 2013, 74-80.
[2]. Q.A. Adejare, P.C. Nwilo, J.O. Olusina, and Y.D. Opaluwa, A study of ferry service route network in Lagos Lagoon-Nigeria using
graph theory,Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 4(6), 2011, 326-337.
[3]. J. Rodrigue,3 edition, The Geography of Transport Systems, Chapter 8, (New York: Routledge, 2013)
https://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch8en/conc8en/ch8c1en.html
[4]. M.H. Martin, and P. J. Coughtrey, Biological Monitoring of Heavy Metal Pollution: land and Air, (London: Applied Science, 1982).

[5]. A. Barakat, M. El Baghdadi, J. Rais, and S. Nadem, Assessment of Heavy Metal in Surface Sediments of Day River at Beni-Mellal
Region, Morocco, Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences 4 (8), 2012, 797-806.

Abstract: The presence of fungi and aflatoxins in wheat flour samples collected from five governorates (El-Minia, Assiut, Sohag, Qena and Aswan) in Egypt were evaluated over three months. Samples were assessed for moisture content, fungal infestation and aflatoxin contamination. During the three months, moisture contents ranged from 9.31 % and 12.4%. Aspergillus flavus was the most predominant fungal species, the maximum cfu⁄g was 8.3x102. Other fungal genera and species isolated including A. niger, A. tamarii, A. clavatus, A. nidulans, Penicillium spp., Mucor spp., Fusarium spp.,.........

Keywords: Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxins, wheat flour, cultural and analytical methods.

[1]. Abbas HK, Zablotowicz RM, Weaver MA, Horn BW, Xie W and Shier WT. 2004. Comparison of cultural and analytical methods for determination of aflatoxin production by Mississippi Delta Aspergillus isolates. Can. J. Microbiol. 50: 193–199.
[2]. Afsah-Hejri L, Jinap S and Radu S. 2013. Occurrence of aflatoxins and aflatoxigenic Aspergillus in peanuts. J. Food Agric. Environ. 11(3&4): 228 – 234.
[3]. Almoammar H, Bahkali AH and Abd-Elsalam KA. 2013. A polyphasic method for the identification of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species isolated from camel feeds. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 7(11): 1707-1713.
[4]. Arseculeratne SN, De Silva LM, Wijesundera S and Bandunatha CHSR. 1969. Coconut as a medium for the experimental production of aflatoxin. Appl. Microbiol. 18(1): 88-94.
[5]. Assante G, Camrada L, Locci RR, Merlini L, Nasini G and Popadopoulos E. 1981. Isolation and structure of red pigments from Aspergillus flavus and related species, grown on a differential medium. Journal Agric. Food Chem. 29: 785-787.

Abstract: The aims of the research was to assess the sustainability of environmental, social, economical law/regulation and technology dimension of mangrove in southern coastal area of Malang Regency, Indonesia. Field survey was done in Sitiharjo mangrove-based rural tourism destination. The sustainability aspect of mangrove was assed using Multi-dimensional Scaling (MDS). Research shows that the status of mangrove-based rural tourism using 54 indicators of 5 dimensions is 44.95. It can be classified as poor or not sustainable. Rehabilitation program of mangrove ecosystem has been identified as a main leverage.........

Keywords: Mangrove, sustainable tourism, community development

[1] Hakim, L. Dasar-dasar ekowisata (Bayumedia, 2004).
[2] Sharma, K.K. Tourism and development (Sarup & Sons, 2005).
[3] Hakim, L., Soemarno, and S.K Hong. Challenges for conserving
biodiversity and developing sustainable island tourism in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Journal of Ecology and Environment 35 (2), 2012, 61-71.
[4] Balmford, A., J. Beresford, J. Green, R. Naidoo, M. Walpole and A. Manica. A global perspective on trends in nature-based tourism, .PLoS Biol., 7(6), 2009, e1000144.
[5] Field, C. D. Rehabilitation of mangrove ecosystems: an overview. Marine Pollution Bulletin 37(8), 1999, 383-392.

Abstract: Downstream area of Renggung Watershed is a water conservative zone which is also dominated by rainfed land with vertisol soil clay fraction dominated. Watershed downstream reaches 40% and 30% from the total area of Renggung Watershed. Rainfed farming is part of dry land farming, but the presence of rainfed land in downstream of Renggung watershed does not receive intensification treatment as water becomes a limiting factor of plant growth. About 87-90% rainfall events in downstream of Renggung watershed are happened during the rainy season from November to April with 3-4 wet months, while about 10-13% happen during the dry season from May to October.........

Keywords: Rainfed, Renggung watershed, water management

[1]. Agus, F. 2000. Smallholder acid upland soil management in Indonesia. Soil and Environment 3(1): 1-12.
[2]. Agus, F., E. Surmaini, dan N. Sutrisno. 2002. Water saving technologies and irrigation supplements. p. 239- 264 in Abdurachman et al. (Eds.). Technology Management of Dryland. Towards Productive and Sustainable Agriculture. Centre for Research and Development of Soil and Agro-climate. Agency for Agricultural Research and Development Department of Agriculture.
[3]. Alfian, F. et al., 2012. Development Studies of Sistem Agroforestry Ecosystem services (BES) in Watershed Renggung. Research Report. Transform.

Abstract: Groundwater hydrology is the science that treats the waters of the Earth, their occurrence, distribution, movement, and their chemical and physical properties, and their reaction with environment, including the relation to living things. Geo-hydrology has an identical connotation, and hydrogeology differs only by its greater emphasis on geology. Utilization of groundwater surface water dates from ancient times, although an understanding of the occurrence and movement of subsurface water as part of the hydrologic cycle is recent..........

Keywords: Physical properties, Saturation zone, Instauration zone, Porosity, particle size distribution

[1]. Chow, V.T. (ed.), Handbook of Applied Hydrology, Mcgraw-Hill, New York, 1453 pp., 1964.
[2]. Chow, V.T., D.R. Maidment, and L. W. Mays, Applied Hydrology, Mcgraw-Hill, New York, 1988.
[3]. Bear,J., Hydraulics of Groundwater, McGraw-Hill, New York,1979.
[4]. Davis, S.N., and R.J.M. DeWiest, Hydrogeology, John Wily &Sons, New York, 463pp., 1966.
[5]. Domenico, P.A., Concepts and Models in Groundwater Hydrology, McGraw-Hill, New York,405pp., 1972.

Abstract: Crude oil exploitation activities have been implicated as major causes of environmental degradation within the oil bearing communities of the Niger Delta. This study, analysed the impact of crude oil exploitation on the environment and the consequences on the socio-economic life of the people.The study relied on secondary data from journals, published and unpublished materials on related literature.The data were analysed using descriptive method to make reasonable deductions..........

Keywords: Degradation, Economic, Environment, Exploitation, Oil Spill.

[1]. Achi, C. (2003). Hydrocarbon Exploitation, Environmental Degradation and Poverty: The Niger Delta Experience, Diffuse Pollution Conference, Dublin, 2003.
[2]. Akhakpe, I. (2012). Oil-Environmental Degradation and Human Security in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: Challenges and Possibilities. European Scientific Journal 8(26), 77-92.
[3]. Bayode, O. J. A., Adewunmi, E. A., and Odunwole, S. (2011). Environmental Implications of Oil Exploration and Exploitation in the Coastal Region of Ondo State, Nigeria: A regional Planning Appraisal. Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 4 (3): 110-121.
[4]. Duru, C. U. (2014). Environmental Degradation: Key Challenge to Sustainable Economic Development in the Niger Delta. Doctoral Thesis, Walden University.

Abstract: Biosorption by algae have been an effective process for the removal of heavy metals from the aqueous solutions. The present work deals with the biosorption of Cu2+ by seaweeds (Sargassum tenerrimum, Iyengaria stellata, Lobophora variegata, Halimeda tuna, Cystoseira indica, Sargassum cinereum and Ulva lactuca) in batch system. The biosoption efficiencies of seaweeds for Cu2+ removal was studied at different pH (2-6), metal concentration (10-50 mg/l), time (0-24 hrs) and biomass dosage (1-10 g/l). Langmuir equilibrium study was used to obtain maximum metal uptake capacities of biomass and Freundlich equilibrium study to explain the heterogeneity of the biomass.........

Keywords: Biosorption, FTIR & SEM, Heavy metals, Langmuir& Freundlich, Seaweeds.

[1] T.A. Davis, A. Volesky, A. Mucci, A review of the biochemistry of heavy metal biosorption by brown algae. Water Resource, 37, 2003, 4311–4330.
[2] P.X. Sheng, Y.P. Ting, J.P. Chen, Biosorption of heavy metal ions (Pb, Cu, and Cd) from aqueous solutions by the marine alga Sargassum sp. in single- and multiple-metal systems. Industrial and Enginnering Chemistry Research, 46(8), 2007, 2438–2444.
[3] E. Fourest, J.C. Roux, Heavy metal biosorption by fungal mycelial by-products: mechanism and influence on pH. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 37, 1992, 399-403.
[4] B. Volesky, Biosorption of Heavy Metals, in: B. Volesky (Ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton 1990, FL: 3.
[5] R.C. Vaishya, S.C. Prasad, Adsorpion of Copper (II) on saw dust. International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 11, 1991, 284-289.

Abstract: Background: In the task of collecting, treating and disposing of solid waste by waste handlers especially in developing countries where waste generation is increasing and commonly associated with indiscriminate unsafe disposal practices, waste handlers are exposed to a variety of work related hazards which may be deleterious to their health. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and safety practices amongst public and private sectorsolid waste handlers in Imo State. Nigeria...........

Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, solid waste handlers, Imo, Nigeria

[1] Kofoworola, O. F. Recovery and recycling practices in municipal solid waste management in Lagos, Nigeria. Waste Management, 2007;27(9):1139-1143
[2] Miller T. Living in the Environment: Principles, Connections and Solutions California. Wards worth Publishing Company. 1994.
[3] World Health Organization (WHO). Developing Nations, State of Environmentand Access to portable Drinking Water. New York, August 2004.
[4] Geradu, J. Spatial planning and the environment, IPC 681, The Netherlands Ministry of Housing. 1995. pp 20-24.
[5] Ugbogu O C, Ohakwe J, Foltescu V. Occurrence of respiratory and skin problems among manual stone quarrying workers. Afr. J. Respr. Med. 2009;23-26.

Abstract: Background Objective: Occupational health deals with the sum total of all activities, adverse effects and problems that are usually encountered by the workers in their environment. Petroleum, Oil and Gas workers are usually faced with a lot of health hazards in their workplace. This study evaluates the prevalence of occupational health hazards among workers in a medium scalepetroleum product manufacturing and sales industry in Owerri Imo state, south east Nigeria...........

Keywords: Occupational hazards, workers, petroleum industry.

[1]. Obionu CN. Synopsis of Occupational and Environmental Health. Delta Publications (Nig) Limited Enugu, 2nd Edition 2005; 11-12.
[2]. Onyeabo G N. Occupational Health Problems in Nigeria. An over view:Int Jour EnvironHealthDev 2000; 2:1-7
[3]. Gary JH. Petroleum Refinery Technology and Economics London. The English University Press Ltd. 2nd Edition 2000; 1221-1225.
[4]. Asogwa SE. A guide to occupational Health Practice in Developing Countries Snap Press Ltd Enugu 3rd Edition 2012; 144-157.
[5]. Omokhodion FO. Health and safety at work. Jour Royal Soc for Health 2002; 122 (2): 118-121.

Abstract: Disasters are a reality of living in the natural world .Despite humans attempt s to control nature, dating back to the early Egyptians and continuing to this century`s massive flood control efforts, natural hazards continue. Climatological changes; such as global warming and sea level rise are one factor. For Egypt, most of Nile delta region; which represents the major bulk of agricultural area of Egypt will sink below the sea level .Many cities like Domietta and Kafr el Sheikh will be lost. This does not need long time; because the sea is rising 7 mm every year..........

Keywords: Global warming - Climate change – Impacts – Mitigation – Egypt.

[1] United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR). n.d. "Mission and Objectives." www.unisdr.org/eng/about_isdr/isdr-mission-objectives-eng.htm
[2] National Fire Prevention Association. 2007. NFPA 1600: Standard on Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs. Pp. 4-8. http://www.nfpa.org/assets/files/PDF/NFPA1600.pdf
[3] International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. 1994. Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action for a Safer World. United Nations.
http://www.unisdr.org/eng/about_isdr/bd-yokohama-strat-eng.htm
[4] Broadleaf Capitol International. 2004. The Australia / New Zealand Standard on Risk Management, AS/NZS 4360:2004. Pp. 1-5. (http://www.broadleaf.com.au/pdfs/trng_tuts/tut.standard.pdf)
[5] World Bank, World Development Report 1992: Development and the Environment, New York, Oxford University Press, 1992, pp.30

Abstract: A review of Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) in the Earth's atmosphereis presented.The results of the characterizations of the GalacticCosmic Rays (GCRs) and Solar Cosmic Rays(SCRs) against time/days shows significant variations. Most of the variations in the months showed that high GCRs corresponds to low SCRs. In the contrary, high GCRs and SCRs were recorded in the months of August and November, 2006. In addition, the anti-correlation coefficient,r between GCRs and SCRs, ranges from -0.001 to -0.400 which shows that the events originates from different sources. The low level of rin these resultindicates that other solar activities such as sunspot, coronal mass ejection and solar wind directly enters the Earth's atmosphere.

Keywords: Cosmic Rays – Solar flare – Ionization –Solar Activity.

[1]. Buchvarova, M., and Velinov,P.I.Y., 2005. Modeling spectra of cosmic rays influencing on the ionospheres of earth and outer planets during solar maximum and minimum, J. Adv. Space Res.,36 (11), 2127– 2133.
[2]. Brasseur, G., and S. Solomon, 2005.Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere,Springer, Dordrecht.
[3]. Bazilevskaya, G.A., 2000. Observations of Variability in Cosmic Rays, Space Sci. Rev.,94, 25-38.
[4]. Bazilevskaya, G.A., Usoskin,I.G., Fluckiger, E.O., Harrison, R.G. Desorgher, L.., et al., 2008. Cosmic ray induced ion production in the atmosphere,Space Sci. Rev.,137, 149–173.
[5]. Burger, R.A., M.S. Potgieter, and B. Heber., 2000. Rigidity dependence of cosmic ray proton latitudinal gradients measured by the Ulysses spacecraft: implications for the diffusion tensor,J. Geophys. Res.,105, 27447.

Abstract: Samples of flakes of cassava (Manihot esculenta) popularly known as tapioca from the same source were divided into two and one group was processed by sun-drying along Ezillo Road side while the other by in-door spreading served as control. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer model AGP 210 Bulk scientific was used to determine the levels of heavy metals in the tapioca samples. The result (in ppm) revealed the following concentration: Zn (11.13 ± 0.08); Cd (2.50 ± 0.03); As (0.15 ± 0.01); Pb (0.53 ± 0.02) and Cr (3.00 ± 0.04) for sundried tapioca while that of the results (in ppm) of the control (indoor tapioca) were Zn (13.38 ± 0.11); Cd (0.06 ± 0.01); As (0.13 ± 0.01) ;.........

Keywords: Tapioca, Cassava, Heavy Metals, Sun-drying and Ezillo

[1]. Phillips, T. P. (1984). An Overview of Cassava Consumption and Production. In Delange, F. and Ahluwalia, R. (eds) Cassava Toxicity and Thyroid; Proceedings of International Development Research Centre Workshop, Ottawa, Canada, 1982 (Monograph 207e). pp. 83-88.
[2]. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) (2002). FAOSTAT Statistic database. Available at: http://aps.fao.org{Accessed 26 January 2014}.

[3]. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (1990). Root, Tubers, Plaintain and Bananas in Human Nutrition, Food Chemistry 56(14): 599-610.

[4]. Adams, C., McTrrieta, R., Siqueira, A., Neves, W. and Sanches, R. (2009). Bread of the Land: The Invisibility of Manioc in the Amazon. Amazon Changing Environment, 2(3) 281-305.

[5]. Ravindran, V. (1992). Preparation of Cassava Leaf Products and their Use as Animal Feeds. FAO, Animal Production and Health Paper, Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture O