IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-11 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2017

Abstract: Kolleru lake is the largest fresh water lake in India. It is situated partly in Krishna and partly in West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh. The present study is aimed to reveal the biodiversity especially common flora of Kolleru lake with the following objectives 1.To identify the diversity of common Flora present in the study area. 2.Quantification of common flora at arena and aquatic flora in Kolleru lake studied separately based on selected field stations.. The investigation carried out for a period of about 12 months from February 2010 to 2011 at 17 selected locations. Lake supports a rich variety of Macrophytes, some of which harbour diverse groups of organisms often in prodigious proportions. Present work highlights the study common flora of Kolleru Lake and nature of water quality depends on presence of diversity of common flora at different field stations in kolleru area. Frequencies, Relative frequency, Abundance, Relative abundance were calculated. The three characteristics...........

[1]. Malini (2010) Kolleru lake revisited: the post 'Operation Kolleru' scenario. Current Science 98(10): 1281-1291
[2]. Nageswara Rao K, K Ch V Naga Kumar, P Subraelu, G Demudu, B Visweswara Reddy and B Hema.
[3]. Raunkiaer,C.1934. The life forms of plants and statistical geography. Claredon, Oxford,pp.632.
[4]. Seshavatharam.V. and Venu. P. 1982. Ecological Studies of the Vegetations
[5]. of Kolleru Lake. Bull. Botanical Survey of India 24(1-4): 70–75..

Abstract: Zooplankton diversity and Limnological parameters are the most important criteria for determining the suitability of an aquatic ecosystem for any kind of aquacultural programme. Water quality of the freshwater habitats provides information about the existing resoureces which depend on physico-chemical parameters and biological features. Some of the limnological parameters and Zooplankton composition of Salchapra Anua was studied for a period of six months from October, 2016 to March, 2017. The limnological parameters of the study site was found to be highest during the month of October, 2016. A total of 15 taxa belonging to three groups were recorded during the investigation of which 5 taxa were from Cladocera group, 4 from Copepoda and 6 taxa from Rotifera group. The highest Zooplankton abundance was recorded from the site during the month of October, 2016 and lowest during the month of February, 2017............

Keywords: Zooplankton, Limnology, Cladocera, Anua, Aquaculture.

[1]. APHA. (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water 21st Edn Washington DC,AUC.
[2]. Battish, S.K. (1992). Freshwater zooplankton of India. Oxford and IBH publishing Co., New Delhi.
[3]. Balakrishna,D.; Mahesh,T.; Samatha. D and Ravinder Reddy, T.(2013)Zooplankton Diversity Indices Of Dharmasagar Lake, Warangal District (A.P.). International Journal of Research in Biological Sciences; 3(3): 109-111.
[4]. Bhat, N. A.; Wanganeo, A. and Raina, R. (2014). The composition and diversity of net zooplankton species in a tropical waterbody (Bhoj Wetland) of Bhopal, India. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation; 6(5): 373-381.
[5]. Das, P. and Kar, D. (2013). Studies on zooplankton diversity and physicochemical parameters of Ramnagar annua, Assam. International Journal of Current Research; 5 : 3058-3062.

Abstract: The evolution of resistant respiratory pathogens against conventional antibiotics is of public health concern. The development of plant-based antimicrobials will stem the tide of resistant microbial proliferation. This study brought forth the case of microbial activity of Garcinia kola and alium sativa ethanol and aqueous extracts. These plant products are chewed in Africa and beyond, against mainly respiratory infections. The respiratory organisms involved in this study were (Staphlococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa).
Methods Punch hole agar diffusion method was used to study the antibacterial activity of ethanol and water extracts of G. kola and A. sativum after obtaining pure cultures of the bacterial pathogens.............

Keywords: Antibacterial, Garcinia kola, Allium sativum, Respiratory pathogens..

[1]. Coates A, Hu Y, Page C. The future challenges facing the development of new antimicrobial drugs. Nat Rev Drug Discov.2002; 1: 895-910.
[2]. Shahedur R, Anowar KP, Ruzuanul I and Maboob HK. Antibacterial activity of natural spices on multiple drug resistan Escherichia coli isolate from drinking water, Bangladesh. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2011;10: 10.
[3]. Hill RA, Connolly JD. Triterpenoids. Nat Prod Rep, 2011; 28:1087-117.
[4]. Craig WJ. Health-promoting properties of common herbs. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999; 70:491-699.
[5]. Nguyen HD, Trinh BT, Tra QN, Nguyen HD, Pham HD, Hansen PE, Duus F, Connolly JD, Nguyen LH. Friedolanostane friedcycloartane, benzphenone constituents of the bark and leaves of Garcinia benthamii Phytochemistry , 2011; 72: 290-5

Abstract: River Yamuna at Mathura (U.P.) is badly polluted with sewage and garbage. Being historical and religious city, millions of pilgrims come every year and take bath in the river. This poses a great problem to river's ecology and sustainability. A study was carried out to assess pollution load in the river in different months and its impact on population size of some aquatic microbes. The key indicators of sewage waste load were Coliform count (MPN), BOD, sulphates, phosphates and ammonia. The susceptible microbes that were analysed included Spirogyra sp., Stylonychia sp., Vorticella sp. and species of Euglena. The study revealed that the river has a deplorable level of organic pollutants. The condition becomes worst in summers, when the amount of water in the river is scanty. The population of Coliform bacteria and Spirogyra was found very high in areas where organic pollutants were very high in amount. But other...........

Keywords:Pollutants, BOD, Coliform bacteria, Sewage waste, Ecological balance

[1]. Agrawal P. K., Prabha S. (2000). Water quality of sewage drains entering river Yamuna at Mathura. J. Env. Biol. 21 (4), 375-378.
[2]. APHA, (1989). Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, 17th Ed. Washington D.C., U.S.A.
[3]. Bo Shi, Pete Lortscher, Doris Palfery (2012) Algal biomass anaerobic biodegradability. Journal of Applied phycology. 25(3): 757-761. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-012-9912-3
[4]. Chojnacka K (2007) Bioaccumulation of Cr (III) ions by blue green alga Spirulina sp. Part 1. A comparison with biosorption. American journal of Agricultural and Biological Science. 2: 218-223.
[5]. Desouky Abdel-El- Haleem (2003) Acinetobacter, Environmental and biotechnological applications. African journal of Biotechnology. 2(4): 71-74..

Abstract: This study was conducted in Assiut, Egypt, to investigate the prevalence rate of Listeria spp., Staph. aureus, Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. in ready to eat (RTE) chicken meat and products. A total of 135 RTE chicken samples comprising 50 chicken frankfurter, 35 chicken shawerma, 25 chicken breast and 25 chicken thigh which were collected randomly from different restaurants. The achieved results declared that Staph. aureus was the most predominant one; isolated from 22 (16.3%) from examined samples followed by L. monocytogenes was detected in 9 (6.7%) in cooked chicken samples. Salmonella was isolated from 6 (4.4%). The most prominent Salmonella serovars were S. Enteritides while, Campylobacter spp. was isolated from 3 (2.2%) of the samples. C. jejuni was the only strain isolated. Conclusion: RTE cooked chicken meat and products can be contaminated with a wide variety..........

Keywords: RTE cooked chicken meat, L. monocytogenes, Staph. aureus, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp.

[1] Adwan, B., Shanab, A. and Adwan, K. (2005). Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk in the North of Palestine. Turkish Journal of Biology 29: 229-232.
[2] Ahmed-Amany, M., El-Hakem- Nagwa, A. B. and Ibrahim-Ghada, A. (2015). Chemical and microbial assessment of beef and chicken shawarma sandwiches in Ismailia governorate and its impact on consumer health. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry and Environmental Health 1 (1): 686-693.

[3] Akbar, A. and Anal, A.K. (2015). Isolation of Salmonella from ready-to-eat poultry meat and evaluation of its survival at low temperature, microwaving and simulated gastric fluids. Journal of Food Science and Technology 52(5):3051-3057.
[4] Ali-Sohaila, F. and Abd-Alaziz-Doaa, M. (2011). Incidence of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in some ready-to-eat meat in Assuit City with special reference to Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Assiut Vetrinary Medical Journal 57(129): 95- 106.
[5] Alsheikh, A.D.I., Mohammed, G.E. and Abdalla, M.A. (2013). Isolation and identification of listeria monocytogenes from retail broiler chicken ready to eat meat products in Sudan. International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 5(1): 9-14..

Abstract: TStudies were conducted to determine the identity and distribution of mosquito species in Kafin Hausa Local Government Area of Jigawa state, Nigeria. Samples of immature stages where collected from different kinds of breeding sites and reared in cages under laboratory settings until the emergence of fully formed adult mosquitoes. Five species of mosquitoes were morphologically identified. Three mosquito species viz. Culex pipiens, Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex molestus are the most predominant in the area. Aedes aegypti and Anopheles arabiensis were also identified, and constitute only 0.51% and 0.29% population respectively. All the species identified were found in man-made breeding sites and are potential vectors of vectors.

Keywords: Mosquito, vector, identity, distribution, diseases.

[1] Naz, R., Maryam, A. and Shabnam. Population Dynamics of Mosquitoes in Various Breeding Habitats at University of Peshawar Campus, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa Pakistan. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 2 (2), 2014, 189-195.
[2] William, J and Pinto, J. (2012). Training Manual on Malaria Entomology for Entomology and Vector Control Technicians (Basic Level). RTI International. Pp11-48.
[3] Jackman, J. A. and Olson, J. K. (2012) Mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit. Agricultural Communicatons, The Taxas A&M University System. http://insects.tamu.edu. April, 2017.
[4] Lock, K., Dekoninck, W., Adriaens, T and Goethals P. I. M. Distribution and ecology of mosquito larvae (Diptera:Culicidae) in Flanders (Belgium). Belgium Journal of Zoology, 142(2), 2012, 138-142.
[5] Muturi, E. J., Mwangangi, J., Shililu, J., Jacob, B. G., Mbogo, C., Githure, J., and Novak, R. J. Environmental Factors Associated with the Distribution of Anopheles arabiensis and Culex quinquefasciatus in a Rice Agro-ecosystem in Mwea, Kenya. Journal of Vector Ecology, 33(1), 2008, 56-63.

Abstract: This research is an attempt at finding the institutional trajectories of Royal Dutch Shell operations concerning the question of Corporate Social Responsibility/Social Investment (CSR/SI) strategies in two different environments i.e. The United States and Nigeria. In the quest to ascertain these facts and variables, the question of adequacy of this responsibility and the policy framework of Royal Dutch Shell has become a subject of concern being that issues of corporate strategies towards different states and communities around the globe has raised questions of disparate arrangements, approaches and attitudes.A perusal of various literature and reports, including the Social Investment Disclosure in the sustainability report of the Royal Dutch Shell (2012), as well as economic indices and demographic data suggest how the question of CSR is a field amass with facts and figures about how differently global conglomerates approach their corporate responsibility toward host communities. The subject of CSR/SI strategies as contained in the analysis of the sustainability report of the Royal Dutch Shell (2012) states that in Nigeria...........

Keywords: Environment, Corporate Social Responsibility, Niger-Delta and Oil & gas

[1] Amadi, L. 2013, "Climate change, peasantry and rural food production decline in the Niger Delta Region: A case of the 2012 flood disaster", Journal of Agricultural and Crop Research, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 94-103.
[2] Bowen, H. R., & Johnson, F. E. (1953). Social responsibility of the businessman. Harper
[3] Carroll, A.B. 1999, "Corporate social responsibility evolution of a definitional construct", Business & Society, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 268-295.
[4] Central Intelligence Agency (2013) CIA Fact Book. [Online] Available from<http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the -world-factbook/geog/ni.html> [30 September 2014]

[5] Christian Purefoy of CNN (2014) Death and Oil in Niger Delta's Illegal Refineries.[Online] Availablefrom<https://www.facebook.com/video.php?v=421126241975&set=vb.119586 108487&type=2&theate>[27 October 2014]. Central Intelligence Agency (2013) CIA Fact Book. [Online] Available from<http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the -world-factbook/geog/ni.html> [30 September 2014]..

Abstract: Available molybdenum in soil profiles of twelve (12) different locations of Ogun and Oyo States in South Western Nigeria was investigated to know its status with respect to soil depths.Soil samples derived from sedimentary and igneous/metamorphic rockscomprising of Alfisols (8 profiles) and Ultisols (4 profiles) were collected at four (4) different soil depths of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm and 60-80 cm respectively from savanna and forest vegetational zones. Soil physic-chemical properties of pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, CEC, clay, silt, and sand were determined...........

Keywords: Available Molybdenum, Form distribution, Sol Profiles, Alfisols & Ultisols, Vegetational Zones, Correlation and Critical Limits

[1] Chapman, H. D. and Pratt, P. F. (1961). Methods of Analysis for soils, Plants and Waters. Division of Agricultural Science, University of California USA.
[2] Grigg, J. L. (1953). Journal of Science Technology 34, 405.
[3] International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) (1979). Selected methodsfor soil and plant analysis, IITA Manual SeriesNol, Ibadan, Nigeria.
[4] Jethra, J. K and Korthari, M. L (1995). Pro Nat Sem. On developments in Soil Science.
[5] Johnson, C. M. and Arkeley T. N. (1954). Analyt Chem. 26. 572. Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists 36, 412.

Abstract: The transformational spirit of evolution made us as human beings that shaping both the landscapes we inhabit and the universe of thought we entertain; it moves along our experiences, everything that we observe, reflect and engage. This research in exploratory case format was carried out on a farm in Bolivia through the research project used to detect the perceptions, opinions and feelings of the participants based on their experiences for decades with permanent agriculture. It tried to get a thorough understanding essences of the central phenomenon that follows the teaching guide modified the principle of permaculture Brown (2009) describing the essential properties of permanent agriculture........

Keywords: permaculture, sustainability, ecosystem, natural cycles,

[1] ANDERSON, M. K. Tending the wild: Native American knowledge and the management of California's natural resources. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.
[2] BELL, G., The permaculture way: Practical steps to create a self-sustaining world. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2005.
[3] BERKES, F., Sacred ecology: Traditional knowledge and resource management, Philadelphia, PA, 1999
[4] BERRY, W., The unsettling of America: Culture and agriculture. San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books, 1977.
[5] BERRY, T., The dream of the earth. San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books, 1999.

Abstract: The study is to investigate the viability of corncob and rice chaff co-digested with goat and dog dung in the production of biogas and the PCR detection of the methanogenic bacteria involved. The study was carried out at mesophillic condition between (29.5 –330C) in a mini laboratory digester fabricated using guage 16 metal sheets with 80L capacity for a 90 days retention time. Corn cob and rice chaff were shredded and mixed with water with ratio 4:1 and 3:1 (waste to water) respectively and mixed with goat and dog dung with ratio 2:1 (waste to water) and digested anaerobically..........

Keywords: Viability, Corncob, rice chaff, dog dung, goat dung, co-digested, methanogenic, digester, anaerobically and substrates

[1] Agunwamba, J. C. (2001). Waste: Engineering and Management Tools. Enugu, Nigeria. Immaculate Publications Ltd. p. 572.
[2] Baker, J. C. (2001). Methane Fuel Gas from Livestock Wastes - A Summary, North Carolina Sate University, Raleigh, NC, Last Electronic Revision: March 14, 2001.

[3] Benson, C.H.; Barlaz, M.A.; Lane, D.T. and Rawe, J.M. (2007). Practice review of five bioreactor/recirculation landfills. Waste Management, 27(1):13-29.

[4] Cavalieri, A. J and Smith, O. S. (1985): Grain filling and field drying of a set of maize hybrids released from 1930 to 1982. Crop Sci., 25.856-860.

[5] Chynoweth, D. P., Turick, C. E.. Owens, J. M..Jerger, D. E..and Peck, M. W. (1993). Biochemical methane potential of biomass and waste feedstocks. Biomass and Bioenergy, 5:95-111...

Abstract: This research entails the determination of the variations in global geoid undulation with reference to different Earth Gravity Models (EGMs). Geoidal undulation values of 22 points selected within the study area were determined from GPS derived data on differential mode. The undulation values were computed with reference to three different earth gravity models (EGM84, EGM96 and EGM2008) which use geopotential coefficients and spherical harmonic analysis. The results obtained were plotted and the configuration of the local geoid was obtained with respect to each gravity model..........

Keywords: Geoid, Geoid Undulation, EGM, DGPS, Topography

[1]. Heiskanen, W. A. and Moritz, H. (1967): Physical Geodesy. W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco and London.
[2]. Helmet, F.R. (1880) Die Mathematicshen und PhysikalischenTheorien der HȍherenGeodȃsie. Teubner, Leipzig (reprint Minerva GmbH, Frankfurt a.m.
[3]. Listing, J. B. (1873): ȔberUnsereJetzigeKenntnis der Gestalt und Grȍpe der Erde. Nachr.d.Kgl. Gesellsch.d. Wiss Und der Georg – August – Univ., GȍHingen.
[4]. Rapp, R. H. (1996): Use of Potential Coefficient Models for Geoid Undulation Determination Using a Spherical Harmonic Representation of the Height Anomaly/Geoid Undulation Difference, Journal of Geodesy. Volume 71, Issue 5, pp 282-289
[5]. Torge, W. (2001): Geodesy 3rd Edition Walter de Gruyter. New York. Wichmann, Karlsruhe...

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the degradation activity of a number of isolated fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigates and Mucor spp) against various types of wastewater. Waste water Samples were collected in sterile bottles from two places (CAPO Company and wastewater treatment plant in Haj Yousif), in October 2016. Metals and heavy metals were measured in wastewater samples before and after treatment by tested isolated fungi. Results showed increased reduction in Chemical oxygen demand (BOD) after treatment of CAPO CO..........

Keywords: Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Mucor, suspended solids, Wastewater

[1]. P Gober, D White, and R Quay, Socio-hydrology for an uncertain future, with examples from the USA and Canada. Model fusion, Geophysical Society, London (forthcoming), 2013.
[2]. S Panebianco, and C Pahl-Wostl, Modelling socio-technical transformations in wastewater treatment - A methodological proposal. Technovation, 2, 2006, 1090–1100.
[3]. RR Brown, and MA Farrelly, Delivering sustainable urban water management: a review of the hurdles we face. Water Sci. Technol, 59 (5), 2009, 839-846.
[4]. G Daigger, Integrating Water land Resource Management (Nelson, Ed I. WA press, London, 2012).
[5]. PJ Roeleveld, and MC van Loosdrecht, Experience with guidelines for wastewater characterization in The Netherlands. Wat. Sci. Tech. 45(6), 2002, 77-87.