IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-8 ~ Issue-10 ~ October 2014

Abstract: A study on the grass-mat finfish community of Kugbo Creek was done in 3 zones of Kugbo Creek for 24 months. Biweekly samples obtained from the zones showed a total of 3192 individual finfish belonging to 26 species and 14 families. Occurrence among zones was 25 species were found in freshwater zone 1, 24 in fresh/brackish water zone 2 and 4 species in brackish water zone 3 respectively. The dominant finfish species was Dormitator pleurops with 451 individuals. The habit host rear species of Nannocharax niloticus, Karibia karibensis, Thysia ansorgii, Marcrousenius thuysi and Mastacablus loennbergi. Juveniles of Calamoichthys calabaricus, Heterotis niloticus, Channa obscura, Polycentropsis abreviata, Heterobranchus longifilis and Mastaceblus loennbergi, were also caught in the habit. This shows that some fish undergo part of their developmental stages in the grass mat habitat, including some with high commercial values. Some species such as Gymnacus niloticus and Hepsetus odoe build their spawning nest in the grass mat where they lay eggs during breeding season. Virtually all other fresh water fish species also visit the habitat either in search of food or shelter at one time or the other as most stomach content compositions are also found in the grass mat habitat, e.g. Papyranocranus afar and Xenomystus nigri, . The habitat sheltered endangered finfish species such as Neolebias powelli, that was caught during sampling. These suggest the importance and sensitive nature of the habitat and should therefore be protected.

Keywords: Grass mat, Kugbo Creek, Niger Delta, Biodiversity, Physico-chemistry and Anthropogenic Activities

[1]. Adeniyi I.F. (1786). The ecology of Bonny estuary: Chemical composition of Rivers and Creeks, paper presentation on man and biosphere workshop of wetlands of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
[2]. American Purblic Health Association, APHA (1976). American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation. Standard method of the examination of water/waste waste water. 14th Edition. APHA, AWWA and WPCF, New York.
[3]. Anderson I. (2005) Niger River basin: A Vision for Sustainable Development Pp. 1-131, The World Bank, 2005.
[4]. Edoghotu, A.J. (1989). The ecological quotient of point source pollution in Okpoka Creek off P ort Harcourt. Nlgeria. M,Sc.Thesis. Department of Marine biology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt. Nigeria.
[5]. Erondu, E.S. and A.C. Chindah (1986). Physico. Chemical and phytoplankton changes in a tidal freshwater station of the New Calabar River, Southern Nigeria, Envi and Ecol. 9(3):561 – 570.

Abstract: Lignin is a complex natural polysaccharide primarily present in secondary wood or secondary xylem and phloem elements of the plant body. It constitutes one-fourth to one-third of the dry mass of wood and also, provides rigidity and strength. Lignin lacks a defined primary structure and is a heterogeneous biopolymer. Lignin-degradation is a major challenge because it can be a potential source of edible polysaccharide including glucose. In this investigation, commercial coir was considered as the source of isolating lignin-degrading fungus. A simple bioassay was carried out in coconut fibre (coir) and wood. In case of the fungal sample, the coir was inoculated in dry and wet conditions which resulted in 5.63% and 48.35% degradation respectively. On the basis of this, different lignin-degrading enzymes were assayed and purified. The fungus was identified as Microascus sp. on the basis of colony morphology, spore structure and perithecium formation. Further studies were conducted on the degraded coir and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were taken. In future, these organisms can be a potential source of ligninolytic enzymes useful in different activities.

Keywords: Microascus spp. , Lignolytic Enzymes, Lignin Degradation, Superoxide Dismutase, Laccase, Lignin Peroxidase.

[1]. Isolation and characterization of novel bacterial strains exhibiting ligninolytic potential, Bandounas et al. BMC Biotechnology 2011, 11:94.
[2]. Manganese regulation of manganese peroxidase expression and lignin degradation by the white rot fungus Dichomitus squalens, F H Périé and M H Gold, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1991, 57(8):2240.
[3]. Purification and characterization of a phenoloxidase (laccase) from the lignin-degrading basidiomycete PM1 (CECT 2971), Coll et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1993, 59(8):2607.
[4]. Decolorization of Azo, Triphenyl Methane, Heterocyclic, and Polymeric Dyes by Lignin Peroxidase Isoenzymes from Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Ollikka et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1993, 59(12):4010.
[5]. Use of holomorph characters to delimit Microascus nidicola and M. soppii sp. nov., with notes on the genus Pithoascus, Abbott et al. Mycologia, 94(2), 2002, pp. 362–369.

Abstract: Generally pesticide concentrations are toxic which may be lethal (or) sublethal concentration in aquatic environment. Lethal concentration cause death of the organisms directly, but the sub lethal concentrations are too low to cause rapid death directly. O xygen consumption of an animal are the important physiological parameters to assess the toxic stress because it is a valuable indicators of energy expenditure in particular and metabolism in general. Exposure to sublethal concentrations is reported to increase respiratory activity, resulting in increased Ventilation and hence increased uptake of the toxicant. Although, toxicant impairs the metabolic and physiological activities of the organisms, physiological studies alone do not satisfy the complete under toxic stress. Hence it is useful to have an insight in to the histological analysis. The extent of severity of tissue damage is a consequence of the concentration of the toxicant and is time dependent. Also, the severity of damage depends on the toxic potentiality of a particular compound or pesticide accumulated in the tissue. The total oxygen Consumption is one of the indicators of the general well being of the fish. Hence the differential oxygen Consumption can be used as bio-indicator to evaluate the basic damage inflicted on the animal which could either increase (or) decrease the oxygen uptake and histopathological changes in certain vital tissues like gill, liver and kidney of the Indian major Carp Cirrhinus mrigala exposed to sublethal concentrated (1/10 of 96 hrs LC 50).

Key Words: Oxygen consumption, histopathology cirrhinus mrigala Cypermethrin, (GIS).

[1]. Ansari, et al. ( 1987), Malathion toxicity, pathological changes in the liver of zebra fish Branchydanio rerio (Cyprinidae). Bio.Fisiol. Anim. (Saopaulo ) 11(0): 27-34,
[2]. Anita Susan, T.( 1994.), Toxicity and effect of synthetic pyrethroid fenvalerate on the metabolism of the three Indian major carps Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.), Ph.D. Thesis submitted to Nagarjuna University, A.P., India
[3]. Anitha Kumari and Shree Ram Kumar. (1997), Effect of polluted water on histochemical localization of carbohydrate in a freshwater teleost Channa punctata (Bloch) from Hussain Sagar Lake, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. Poll. Res. 16(3): 197-200,
[4]. Baticodos. M., et. al. (1991),. Effects of gusathion as the survival and shell uality of juvenile Penaeus monodon .Aquaculture, 93 (1): 9-20,
[5]. Chakraburthy, Gouri and Konar, S.K. (1974). Chronic effects of sublethal levels of pesticides in fish. Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci., India 44B: 241-246.

Abstract: The workers were selected for the study from various stone quarries around Jodhpur city of Rajasthan state in India. The selection of workers was based upon the exposure duration, type of work, socioeconomic factor, and previous diseases. The workers having hereditary respiratory & cardiovascular problems were not taken for study. Only male workers have been considered in this study .The workers were divided in three categories depending upon the type of their work and exposure to particulate concentration. These categories are: Labour (particulate concentration category-1), Dresser (particulate concentration category-2), and Driller (particulate concentration category-3). Similarly the exposure duration is divided in four categories: category –1 (exposure duration 0-5 years), category –2 (exposure duration 5-10 years), category –3 (exposure duration 10-15 years), category –4 (exposure duration >15 years). Concentration of Respirable particulate matter for different activities ( drilling, dressing, general quarry environment) were measured with the help "Respirable High volume sampler". The blood pressure of the workers were measured with the help of Multi-Parameter Monitor. It is clear from the observation & analysis that increase in exposure duration and RSPM concentration is responsible for increase in SBP/ DBP. It is clear from the statistical analysis that two independent variables "Exposure Duration and Particulate Concentration" jointly account for the variation in ISBP upto 80.5% and remaining 19.5 % variation is due to other reasons. It also indicates that these two independent variables jointly account for the variation in IDBP upto 95.9 % and remaining rest 4.1 % variation is due to other reasons. study indicates that increase in DBP is closely associated with the exposure duration and exposure concentration.

Key Words: Exposure duration, Exposure concentration, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), Respirable Suspended Particulate matter (RSPM)

[1]. Kumar C.H.K.; Reddy N.M.; Singh M.S.B.; KrishnaB.; Sasikala P.; Shravya Keerthi G.; Siva Kumar A.V.; Kareem S.K.(2014), Deterioration of pulmonary function in stone quarry workers. Biomedical Research, Vol 25(2) pp 261-266
[2]. Bellavia A.; Urch B.; Speck M.; Brook R.D.; Scott J.A.; Albetti B.; Behbod B.; North M.; Valeri L.; Bertazzi P.A.; Silverman F.; Gold D.; Baccarelli A.A. (2013), DNA Hypomethylation, Ambient Particulate Matter, and Increased Blood Pressure: Findings From Controlled Human Exposure Experiments. Journal of the Americal Heart Association, DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000212
[3]. Brook, R.D., (2008). Cardiovascular effects of air pollution. Clin. Sci. (Lond), 115: 175-187
[4]. Singh, S.K.; Chowdhary, G.R.; Chhangani,V.D.; Purohit, G. (2007), Quantification of Reduction in forced vital capacity of sand stone quarry workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , Vol.4(4), pp.269-300.
[5]. Ibald-Mulli, A., Steiber, J., Wichmann, E., Koenig, W., Peters, A., (2001). Effects of air pollution on blood pressure: a population based approach. Am. J. Public Health 91, 571–577

Abstract: The feeding habit of Heterotis niloticus of Kugbo Creek in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria had been studied in 20 stomach samples. Food items were evaluated by total food weight and simple visual inspection of stomach content methods. Point were allotted relative to standard stomach weight (SW) of 0.20g. Values range of Frequency of Occurrence (Fi) of the i food item in the sample was 15.00% to 75.00%, a Volumetric Analysis Index of the i food item in the sample (Vi) was 1.875% to 17.50% while Importance Index (AIi) of the i item in the sample (AI2) was 28.125% - 2187.5%. Food items observed were the Macrophytes-Ceratophyllum sp.; Algae (phytoplankton)- Spirogyra crassa, S. fluviatilis, S. setiformis, Mycrosytis aeruginosa and Cymbella cistula while Zooplankton were Rotifera-Monostyla humata, M. lunaris and Polyphemis pediculus; Ostracoda was Cyclocypress sp.; Copepoda were Eucyclops sp., Thermocyclops sp and Cyclops nauplus, Cladoccra was Daphnia sp.; worms and insects larvae.

Keywords: Heterotis niloticus, Kugbo Creek, Niger Delta, Feeding Habit, Stomach Content and Omnivorous

[1]. Ekanem A.P., C.B.Ndome, and M.N. Osuagwu (2010). Techniques in the improvement of consumers taste of Heterotis niloticus. African Journal of Food science 4(10): 676-678.
[2]. Ekwu and Udoidiong (2011). Observations of Heterotis niloticus. (Cuvier) in the Cross River Basin: an introduced species. Nigerian Journal of Fisheries 8(2): 365-370
[3]. Hynes, H.B.N. (1950). The food of freshwater stickle backs (Gasteros teus aculeatus and Pygosteous Pungitius) with a review of methods used in studies of the food of fishes. J. Anin. Ecol. Oxford, V. 19P – 36-38.
[4]. Idodo-Umeh G. (2003). Freshwater fishes of Nigeria (Taxonomy, ecological notes, diet)
[5]. Larger, K.F. (1978). Freshwater Fisheries Biology C. Brown Company Ltd. 41P.
[6]. Largler K. F., J.E. Bardach, R.R. Miller and D.R.M. Passino (1977). Ichthiology, 2nd edition. John Wilyey and Sons, New York, USA

Abstract: Rivers are the dynamic process which tends to change the channel morphology and hydrological characteristics by the process of erosion and deposition. Drainage basin as a whole or its sub-basins is considered one of the most fundamental geomorphic units. So the study of various properties of rivers and drainage basins is quite pertinent. Such a study is useful in ascertaining the stages of geomorphic evolution of different basins, topographic characteristics, and hydrological conditions of the concerned area which inturn will provide necessary input for catchment management strategies.
The Digaru River is an alluvial river which itself is dynamic system that adjust their geometry according to differential rates of stream flow (discharge) and sediment load. This research work tries to deal with the theoretical view on geomorphic basin and changes that is going on by quantitatively analysing the morphometric characteristics, because the existing geological and geomorphological informations on Lohit district are not adequate for evolving a valid and acceptable model for the geomorphic evolution of the catchment.

Key words: Fundamental, Digaru, Geomorphic, Pertinent, Topographic, Catchment, Morphometric, Adequate, Discharge, Quantitatively, Theoretical, Discharge.

[1]. Arunachal Pradesh at a Glance, 2010, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Arunachal Pradesh, Itanagar- 791113.
[2]. Bangsia, Watsen (2005). Geomorphological Analysis of Tissa River Basin, Arunachal Pradesh, M.A Dissertation report submitted to Department of Geography, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills Doimukh, Itanagar 791112.
[3]. Bassey Eze & Efiong (2010). Morphometric Parameters of Calabar River Basin: Implication for Hydrologic Processes, Department of Geography & Regional Planning, University of Calabar, Nigeria: Journal of Geography & Geology, vol. 2, No. 1
[4]. Bloom, Arthur.L (2002). Geomorphology- A Systematic Analysis of Late Cenozoic Landform, third edition, Prentice Halls India Ltd, New Delhi 110001.
[5]. Chozum, Karma (2009). Morphometric Analysis of Sangti River Basin, West Kameng, Arunachal Pradesh, M.A. Dissertation report submitted to Department of Geography, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills Doimukh, Itanagar 791112

Abstract: Different physiological part of Bangladesh have different socio-economical potential but are at the same time vulnerable to destructive effects of climate change differently in various sectors like agriculture, human settlements, health, ecosystem and security. Autonomous adaptation measures used by local communities against natural hazards in two agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh have been gathered and evaluated using a rated set of eleven criteria which has been derived from principles of sustainable adaptation. As a result of this study several adaptation measures showed high sustainability, some medium but most of them with a low sustainability in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and implementation ability. To enhance local adaptive capacity in terms of its hazard context and to modify adaptation measures it is necessary to give priorities to sectors which are more vulnerable and also potential for national economic activities.

Keywords: Impacts of climate change, Climate change adaptation and Sustainable adaptation

[1] Ahmed, A. U., Bangladesh: Climate Change Impacts and Vulnerability - a Synthesis, (Dhaka: GoB, MoEF, Department of Environment, Climate Change Cell, July); Available at: http://www.climatechangecell-bd.org/publications/06ccimpactvulnerability. Pdf. (Accessed 12 February 2009

[2] Rahman, S.H., Alam, A.K.M.R., Saadat, A.H.M. and Uddin, M.J., Climate Change Adaptation Practices in Thirty Agro-ecological Zones of Bangladesh, (unpublished project report submitted to OXFAM international, Bangladesh) 2009

[3] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 3rd Assessment Report: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Working Group II, Available at: http://www. grida.no/climate/ipcc/tar/wg2 /pdf/wg2 TARchap18.pdf (Accesses on 10 March, 2009)

[4] Ali, A., Climate change impacts and adaptation assessment in Bangladesh. Climate Research, 1999, 12 (2/3). 109-116

[5] Ali, A., Vulnerability of Bangladesh Coastal Region to Climate Change with Adaptation Options (Dhaka: Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO)); available at: http://www.survas.mdx.ac.uk/pdfs/3anwaral.pdf (Accessed 28 January 2009).

Abstract: The use of vegetable extracts as milk coagulants has evolved recently in soft cheese processing. In this study, two types of cheeses were produced from locally sourced raw cow milk using two different coagulants, Calotropis procera leaf and CaCl2. Protein, fat, Zn, Mg, and Fe were the nutrients and minerals that were assayed. The protein (18.4%), Fat (7.93%), Mg (4.13%), Zn (4.01%), Fe (2.59%) of Calotropis procera coagulated cheese was significantly higher than CaCl2 coagulant produced cheese with protein content of (9.13%), Fat (5.53%), Mg (2.34%), Zn (2.59%), Fe (1.13%). The higher ash content in the cheese produced with CaCl2 coagulant makes it susceptible to microbial growth, as a result, reducing its shelf-life. The study suggests that cow milk and Calotropis procera produced cheese appears promising in nutritional contents with further quality improvement.

Keywords: Calcium chloride, Calotropis procera, Cheese, Curd, Whey

[1] S.K. Garg and B.N. Johri, Rennet: current trends and future research, Food Review International, 10(3), 1994, 313-355.

[2] O.C. Aworth and H.G. Muller, Cheese-making properties of vegetable rennet from sodom apple (Calotropis procera), Food Chemistry, 26(1), 1987, 71-79.

[3] C. O'Connor, Traditional cheese making manual, ILCA, (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 1993, 1-24.

[4] F. Vieira de Sá and M. Barbosa, Cheese-making with vegetable rennet from cardo (Cynara cardunculus), Journal of Dairy Research, 39(3), 1972, 335-343.

[5] O.E. omotoso, G. Oboh and E.E.J. Iweala, Comparative effects of local coagulants on the nutritional value, in vitro multienzyme protein digestibility and sensory properties of wara cheese, International Journal of Dairy Sciences, 6(1), 2011, 58-65.

Abstract: This research investigated how biogas was produced using paper waste and cow dung. In this study, two digesters were used, one charged with paper waste alone as control and the other charged with cow dung and paper waste. The retention period of the Anaerobic digestion was 44 days, the cumulative biogas yield for paper alone was 210.5 while that of paper blended with cow dung was 322.5, it was found that paper waste alone became flammable within 24 h while that of the paper waste blended with cow dung takes place on the fifth day, the initial combustion of the paper waste alone was as a result of the initial microbes in the waste. The biogas production from paper drastically stopped after 13 days. The result of the physiochemical analyses shows that the rate of biogas production was been determined by physiochemical properties such as temperature, pH, volatile solid and total solid. The organisms that produce biogas are sensitive to pH and cannot survive below the pH of 6.5, the biogas was produced under mesophilic condition of 250C– 400C. It was observed that the ratio of carbon to nitrogen was between 30:1 and 20:1. The organisms identified after microbial isolation were Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli and Fungus Aspergillus fumigates, A. niger and penicillium species. Keywords: Biogas, paper waste, cow dung, retention period and anaerobic digestion

[1] AOAC (1990). Official methods of Analysis. Association of Analytical Chemists (14th edn.) Arlingron, Virginia, Pp 222.
[2] Enwere, J.I (2000). Design, Construction and performance testing of batch operated biogas plant using agricultural residues PHD thesis (Unpublish), University of Nigeria Nsukka.
[3] Ezeonu , F.C, Udedi, S.C, Okonkwo, C.J and Okaka, A.N.C (2000). Studies on Brewer's spent grain biomethanation: 1, optimal conditions for Anaerobic Energy, 10(1&2): 53-57.
[4] Eze, J.I, Onwuka, N.D and Okeke, C.E (2003). Generation of biogas from brewery Effluent. Journal of Solar Energy, 14: 115-120.
[5] Enwere, J.N (1998). Food of plant origion. Nigeria: Afro-orbis publication Ltd.
[6] Garba, B. Zuru, A and Sambo, A.S (1996). Effect of slurry concentration on biogas production from cattle dung. Nigeria journal of Renewable Energy .4(2) : 38-43.

Abstract: Lakshadweep Archipelago Is A Group Of Coral Islands On The West Coast Of The Arabian Sea. It Is One Among The Unique Coral Atolls In India That Are Well Known For Several Species Of Fishes And Other Biotic Resources. Seasonal Variation In Mesozooplankton, Particularly Of Copepod Abundance And Distribution In The Inner And Outer Lagoon Of Kavaratti Atoll Were Studied During April 2013 (Premonsoon), September 2013 (Monsoon) And January 2014 (Postmonsoon). Copepods Were The Most Dominant Taxa In All The Stations And Seasons, That Accounted 44.15 To 85.97% Of The Total Mesozooplankton Abundance. Ostracoda (Premonsoon), Crustacean Larvae (Monsoon) And Chaetognaths (Postmonsoon) Formed The Second Abundant Group. Mesozooplankton Community In The Study Area Exhibits Temporal Variation Corresponding To The Variation In Abiotic Parameters Therefore Can Be Used As Potential Indicators Of Water Quality. Calanoid Copepods Formed The Dominant Taxa During Monsoon And Postmonsoon, While Cyclopoid Copepods Dominated During Premonsoon. Within The Copepods, Species Of The Family Candacidae, Calanidae, Pontellidae, Temoridae, Psuedodiaptomidae, Centropagidae And Oithonidae Were Predominant. Among The Identified Species Ten Calanoids Were Not So Far Recorded From Kavaratti Atoll, In Lakshadweep.

Keywords: Calanoids, Copepods, Coral Atoll, Kavaratti, Mesozooplankton

[1]. Chiba, S., Tadokoro, K., Sugisaki, H. Saino,T., And Effects Of Decadal Climate Change On Zooplankton Over The Last 50 Years In The Western North Pacific. Global Change Biology 12, 2006, 907–920.
[2]. Kusum, K.K., Vineetha, G., Raveendran, T.V., Nair, V.R., Muraleedharan, K.R., Achuthankutty, C.T. & Joseph T , Chaetognath Community And Their Responses To Varying Environmental Factors In The Northern Indian Ocean. Journal Of Plankton Research 36(4), 2014, 1146- 1152.
[3]. Madhupratap, M., Achuthankutty, C.T. & Sreekumaran Nair, S. R., Zooplankton Of The Lagoons Of The Laccadives: Diel Patterns And Emergence. Journal Of Plankton Research. 13, 1991, 947-958.
[4]. Cornils, A., Schnack-Schiel, S.B., Hagen, W., Dowidar, M., Stambler, N., Plahn, O., Richter, C., Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of Mesozooplankton In The Gulf Of Aqaba And The Northern Red Sea In February/March 1999. Journal Of Plankton Research. 27 (6), 2005, 505–518.
[5]. Bakus, G.J. Coral Reef Ecosystems (Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, 1993).

Abstract: The present paper represents the ecosystem along with the Phytodiversity of angiospermic plants occurring in and around Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary (Kulik bird Sanctuary) with potential ecological significance at Raigang, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal. The area of the place revealed 224 species of angiosperms through extensive survey since 1999 to 2014 with full potential of screening and examinations. It also includes Cycadaceae and Pteridophytes in different aspects. This type of work may be regarded as the pioneer work for further more elaborate studies of Angiosperms for documentation or studies in different aspects in the field of Biology. This means that, it has its ecological meaning and environmental significance, because complete works regarding diversity of plants have not yet been published for crucial analysis previously.

Keywords: Kulik-Uttar Dinajpr, Species of Plants and Birds, Cronquist's Classification, Nature and Natural Resources.

[1]. Basu, P and Sah, R. Census of Temporal variation in the Arrival of Asian Open Bill Stork population: A Case study of Kulik Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal, India., Int. Res. J. Environment Sci, 2(4), 2013, 39-43
[2]. Pramanik, A K; Santra, K B and Manna, C B. Nest-Building Behaviour of the Asian Open Billed Stork Anastomus oscitanus, in the Kulik Bird Sanctuary, Raiganj, India, Our Nature, 7(1), 2009, 39-47., DOI: 10.3126/on.v7il2552
[3]. Chakraborty, M R; Chakrabarty, J and Chatterjee, N C. Phytodiversity at Bethuadahari Sanctuary, Nadia, West Bengal, Environment and Ecology, 22 (Spl-3), 2004, 438-441.
[4]. Das, D. Community study of plant species in coastal areas of Mohana and Old Digha of PurbaMedinipur District with special reference to Eco-sustenance of life in near future, Indian J. App. & Pure Biol., Vol.-29 (2), 2014.
[5]. Ghosh, P. Preliminary studies on Ethno-botanically important Non Timber Forest Produces (NTFPs) in Jamboni Block of Paschim Medinipur District of West Bengal, IOSR-Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 9(5), 2014, 59-66.