IOSR-JHSS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep-2014

Abstract: This paper examined the physical and psychological health effects of overcrowding among students living in the university hostels. It also explored the influence of age and gender on the perceived effects of overcrowding. The sample consists of 453 (248 males and 205 females) young adults drawn from seven halls of residence within the campus. The selected participants completed a questionnaire that assessed both the physical and psychological health status. The results showed that experience of overcrowding, loss of privacy, number officially allocated to the room and the total number of room occupants had significant joint effects on the physical and psychological health status of hostel occupants. It was also revealed that that the type of room had influence and contributed to the level of exposure to disease causing agents. Results also showed a significant influence of gender and age on perception of crowding effect.

[1]. Altman, I. (1975) The Effects of Crowding and Social Behaviour, Brooks/Cole Publishing Co., California.
[2]. Baldassare, M. (1978). Humna Spatial behaviour: Annual Review of Sociology: 4;29-56 Baldassare, M. (1988) Residential crowding in the United States: A review of the research, Handbook of Housing and the Built Environment in the U.S.
[3]. Baldassare, M. (1995). Household crowding and its consequences: Book review Baron, R. ; Mandel, D; Adam; C.;Giffen, L. (1976). Effects of Social Density on University Students. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 34;434-446.
[4]. Baum, A. and Koman, S (1976). "Differential response to anticipated crowding: psychological effects of social and spatial density," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34 (3):526-36.
[5]. Baum. A.J, et al (1978) Crowding and Personal Control: Social density and the development of learned helplessness Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 21:79-83.

Abstract: The main focus of the paper is on the individual skills of the language use. It also deals with definitions of these skills, the sub skills or components of each skill, and ways pertaining to the learning and teaching of the skills. One of the key principles of communicative pedagogy is to teach skills in an integrated manner. Assumptions of teaching and learning inherent in ELT class room are introduced so that a mind set or focus, necessary for the study of the principles of methodology is encouraged. It makes us know about basic issues in the field of English language teaching to improve teaching practices, rather than an orientation to the discussion of academic issues for the academic purposes. The paper introduces us to the activity of theorizing about the classroom. This means the principles of language teaching are arrived through analysis will be made by the learner through his own teaching practice but much of the analysis will be made on the basis of conclusions arrived by the theorists in the field. This is nothing but involving the behaviors of the participants of the teaching-learning process in the curriculum.

Keywords: ELT (English language teaching); LSRW (Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing); IRF (Initiating Responding Feedback)

[1]. Little wood. W.T. Foreign and second language learning . Cambridge university press. (1964).
[2]. Stern. H.H. Fundamental concepts of language teaching. Oxford university press. (1983).
[3]. Allwright. R. Classroom centered research on language teaching & learning: A brief historical over view. Tesol quarterly 17/2: 191-201. (1983).
[4]. Barnes Douglas et al. Languge, the learner and the school : A research report with a contribution by James Britten and a discussion document prepared by Harold Rosen on behalf of the London Association for the teaching of English. (1969).
[5]. Holt John. How children fail. Harmonds worth, Penguin Education. (1971).
[6]. Illich Ivan. Deschooling society London. Calder & Boyers. (1974).
[7]. Wallace M. Training foreign language teachers. A reflective approach CUP. (1991).

Abstract: This paper mainly concentrate towards the trends which have been already grown in the name of fashion or Modernization in young generation in our country. Why this particular age group has been chosen means adolescent age group includes 10-19 years and this age groups lies in the younger generation which more constitutes in India that's why India is regarded as young nation. Now a days in the name of fashion or modernization youngsters mentioned in the above age group are neglecting their health. The negligence of Government is purely responsible for this kind of attitude which we can see in this age group, because as we know the government allowing these kind of harmful commodities into the market without providing substitutes for those who are engaged in producing harmful commodities. It is not only harmful for those who consume it, but also it is for the producers. Bearing this in mind this paper discusses about the attitude of young generation, negligence of government, failure in implementation of strict measures in the context of having healthy nation. And also make discussion about the healthy human resources because as it is called the Indian economy labour intensive economy by comparing to the other developed countries. The most of young generation eager with their activities like illigulal sexual activities, bike stunts or other harmful activities, its results accidents many cases soling their valuable life. We are knowing that now a day's young generation they have more sensitivity in their thinking become attempting suicides. It implies the adverse effect pertaining to have a good health. By comparing china it has most populated country in the world although it has implemented strict measures in the view of achieving socio-economic development but India has moving towards the achievement of economic development but it has failure in progress of social developmental activities.

[1]. Chopra H. Overview of adolescent health in India. Indmedica.
[2]. Nair MKC. Adolescent sexual and reproductive health. Indian Pediatr. 2004;41(1):7-13.
[3]. United Nations. The Millennium Development Goals Report 2011. New York: United Nations;June 2011.
[4]. World Health Organization. Helping parents in developing countries improve adolescents' health. Geneva:WHO; 2007.
[5]. Gupta SD. Adolescent reproductive health in India: status, policies, programs, and issues. Washington, DC: Futures Group International,POLICY,USAID;2003.
[6]. McIntyre P. Adolescent friendly health services: an agenda for change. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002.
[7]. Government of India. Implementation guide on RCH-II adolescent reproductive sexual health strategy. New Delhi: Ministry of Health & Family Welfare; 2006.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of government subsidy on the key determinants of educational attainment and the challenges in their implementation. The specific objectives of the study are; to find out the effect of subsidy on school buildings and infrastructure, to determine the influence of FDSE on enrolment and performance in KCSE and to determine the challenges facing the implementation of FDSE. The study adopted a mixed method design. The target population included education officials and principals of high schools. The respondents were selected using purposive, and simple random sampling technique and the instruments for data collection were questionnaire and interview schedule. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The study findings revealed that irrespective of the geographical location of schools, subsidies have a positive and significant effect on the indicators of educational attainments. The study therefore amplifies the need for the government to streamline the public subsidization policy in view of expectations of sessional paper no 1 of 2005, vision 2030, and the global imperatives namely MDGs and EFA goals.

[1]. Appleton, S. (2001). "What Can We Expect of Universal Primary Education?" In Uganda‟s Recovery: The Role of Firms, Farms and Government, ed. R. Reinikka and P. Collier. Washington, DC: World Bank.
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[3]. Bregman, J., & Stallmeister, S. (2002). Secondary education in Africa: Strategies for renewal. Africa Region Human Development Working Paper Series. Washington, DC: Human Development Sector Africa Region, The World Bank.
[4]. Card D.A, & Payne A. A. (2002). School finance reform, the distribution of school spending, and the distribution of student test scores. Journal of Public Economics 83
[5]. Dynarsky,M. (2003). Loans, Liquidity and Schooling decisions. Harvard University, Kennedy school of Government. NBER
&George.S (1997). The Spirit of Public Administration. San Francisco, California: Jossey Bass

Abstract: In the recent year poverty alleviation has become one of the burning issues worldwide. A systematic development of a nation mainly depends on the proper alleviation of poverty. For this reason poverty alleviation have become global challenges, especially in the developing country like Bangladesh. The micro credit program is playing a vital role in the poverty alleviation. In parallel of government of a country, many NGOs and economical institutions have initiated different activities on the basis of Microcredit programs to alleviate the poverty. Therefore, the objective of this study is to show how micro credit works to improve the quality of poor targeted groups and reduce poverty and how it affects the living standard of the poor people in the study area. Several micro credit institutions are working in the study area. Grameen Bank, BRAC, ASA, are some of the most prominent of them. These institutions are working tremendously for the empowerment, poverty reduction and improvement of living standards for the poor people in the study area. However, the objective of this paper is to analyzethe potential contribution of NGOs and the role of micro credit more generally, to economic development, poverty alleviation and constraints inhibiting their future development in Bangladesh.

Key words: NGO,Poverty Alleviation,Microcredit,Development

[1] M. K. Shukran, F. Rahman, A Grameen Bank Concept: Micro-credit and Poverty Alleviation Program in Bangladesh, International Conference on Emerging Trends in Computer and Image Processing, Bangkok,12 (1), 2011, 47-51.
[2] M. J. A. Chowdhury, D. Ghosh and R. E. Wright, The Impact of Micro-credit on Poverty: Evidence from Bangladesh, Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)90-98 Goswell Road London, England EC1V 7DB, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Schaumburg-Lippe-Strasse D-53113 Bonn Germany May 2002.
[3] A. K. M. M. Rahman, NGO and Development: Myth and Reality, (A. H. Development Publishing House, Dhaka-2010)
[4] M. M. Ahmed, Donors NGOs the State and Their Clients in Bangladesh, (The Arkleton Trust, 2000)
[5] M. M. Khan, From Government to Governance: Expanding the Horizon of Public Administration to Public Management, (The University Press limited-Dhaka, 2013).

Abstract: The alleged impossibility of ethics after poststructuralism has been of some concern for everyone as ethics directly bears on the sustainability of the universe. The thought of M.K.Gandhi and Emmanuel Levinas, two visionaries of the East and the West , is selected as touchstones, to demonstrate both the viability of ethics as well as the inclusive character of their views. Even as one can hardly call Gandhi as a poststructuralist, Gandhian ethical framework is attuned to post structuralism. The thought of Levinas bears the stamp of approval of Derrrida himself.

Key words: ethics, poststructuralism,Gandhian thought, Levinas, sustainability, postmodernism

[1]. Critchley, Simon. The Ethics of Deconstruction: Derrida and Levinas. West Lafayette: Purdue UP. 1999.
[2]. Derrida, Jacques. Adieu to Emmanuel Levinas. Trans P. Brault and M. Naas. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1999
[3]. Desai, Mahadev, Gandhiji in Indian Villages. Madras: S. Ganesan, 1927.
[4]. Gandhi, M.K. An Autobiography or The Story of My Experiments with Truth. Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1927

Abstract: The polysemic interpretation of frontier is associated with the dialectic of a nation's frame and hence any rearrangement with respect to it is a popular subject among thinkers and artists. This research paper is an attempt to delineate the dominant discourse disseminated in the films of Ritwik Ghatak who churned out a series of great films in which the feelings of those dispossessed and displaced by Partition was represented. Identification with the tide of refugees from East Bengal fleeing from the catastrophic Bengal famine of 1943 and the partition of Bengal in 1947 defined his practice thereby providing a domination of those imagery of dislocation and exile in his creative works. The paper will include a detailed review of literature that attempted a dissection of the films of Ghatak applauding their role in constructing "nostalgic" or "partition" discourse based on the melodramatic and realist perspective of the geo-politically displaced. Keywords: Cinematic Representation, Claustrophobituation, Geo-political Dispossession, Partition Discourse, Territorial Alienation.

[1] Hartnack, Christiane. Roots and Routes: The Partition of British India in Indian Social Memories. See http: <http/www.donauuni.ac.at/imperia/md/content/studium/kultur/ik/publikationen/hartnack_roots_and_routes.pdf> retrieved on 11-03-2012 at 11.27 AM IST.
[2] Chottopadhya, Sayan. Framing Frontiers: The Suspended Step Towards Visual Construction of Geopolitical borders. See http: <http://www.sarai.net/publications/readers/07-frontiers/264-272_saayan.pdf> retrieved on 11-3-2012 at 10.30 AM IST.
[3] O‟Donnell, Erin. "Woman" and "Homeland" in Ritwik Ghatak‟s Films. Constructing Post Independence Bengali Cultural Identity in Jump Cut: A Review of Contemporary Media. See http: http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc47.2005/ghatak> retrieved on 11-3-2012 at 10.55 AM IST.
[4] Chakraborty, Dipesh. Remembered Villages: Representation of Hindu-Bengali Memories in the Aftermath of Partition. See http: <http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~sj6/chakrabartyrememberedvillage.pdf> retrieved on 12-03-2012 at 12.49 PM IST.
<http://www.allbusiness.com/society-social-assistance-lifestyle/religion-spirituality/6200523-1.html> retrieved on 13-03-2012 at 11.30 AM IST

Abstract: The present study examined the most frequently used language learning strategies among the less proficient learners. In addition to exploring the influence of age and gender on LLS, it also attempted to analyze the impact of full-time work experience on the language strategy use of part-time learners .Convenience sampling technique was used to carry out the survey involving 82 students from Majan College belonging to Level 0(i.e. Foundation) and Level-1(i.e. Undergraduate). The Strategy Inventory for Language Learning for learners of English as a foreign language was implemented for this purpose. The results of this study indicated that the less proficient learners used compensation and memory strategies more frequently than cognitive, metacognitive, social and affective strategies. Age and gender had no significant effect on the frequency of strategy use. However part time students who had an advantage of working experience, displayed a higher strategy use than the full time students with a significant difference..

Keywords: full time students, part-time students, age, gender, less proficient language learners, language strategies,

[1]. RADWAN, A. A. (2011). EFFECTS OF L2 PROFICIENCY AND GENDER ON CHOICE OF LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS MAJORING IN ENGLISH. ASIAN EFL JOURNAL, 12(1), 115-163.
[2]. U.S. Department of Education, NCES. (2002b). Digest of Education Statistics 2001 (NCES 2002–130). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
[3]. Blumberg, P. (2008) Developing Learner-centered teaching: A practical guide for faculty. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[4]. Oxford, R.L., 1990: Language Learning Strategies: What Every Teacher Should Know. Boston: Heinle&Heinle.
[5]. O'malley, J. M., &Chamot, A. U. (1990). Learning strategies in second language acquisition. Cambridge University Press.
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[7]. Cohen, A. D., & Weaver, S. J. (1998).Strategies-based instructions for second language learners. ANTHOLOGY SERIES-SEAMEO REGIONAL LANGUAGE CENTRE, 1-25.

Abstract: My paper aims at describing the psychological complexities and internal feud which cripples the protagonists of the two novel who cannot reconcile with antithetical pulls of love and lust, art and beauty, religion and aesthetics, ethics and hypocrisy, self and society, and 'struggle to signify'. A psychoanalysis of the novels is the key aspect to explore the self in modernity, arguing that it represents the culmination of a tradition, which grew out of the confessional practices introduced by the church. Key terms such as 'desire', 'id', 'ego', 'super ego', 'oedipal complex', 'schizo-analysis', 'subject', 'subjectivity' and 'unconscious' acquaints the reader with the psychological angst and the fragmented nature of modernism. This comparative study attempts to evaluate the antithetical pulls of self versus society and dimensions of cultural and hegemonic values which cause psychological turmoil and an inner turbulence.

[1]. Black, Michael.Sons and Lovers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
[2]. Brown, Richard,Joyce and Sexuality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
[3]. Bulson, Eric.The Cambridge Introduction to James Joyce. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
[4]. Dix, Carol. D.H Lawrence and women. London: Macmillan, 1980.
[5]. Leavis, F.R. D.H Lawrence: Novelist. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1964.
[6]. Mikula, Maja. Key concepts in Cultural Studies. Palgrave Macmillan,2008.

Abstract: Incidences of sexual violence in Kenya, especially in urban areas, have been shrouded in mute and silence. This is partly because of the social stigma attached to this problem among several socio-cultural and socio-economic groups in the country. This examines the prevalence of sexual violence among individuals of different socio-economic status. The paper is based on a study conducted in Eldoret Municipality in Kenya. The study focused on of the socio-economic characteristics of victims, gender differences derived from sexual violence, age of victims, marital status and sexual violence and income levels of victims. This study adopted descriptive survey design. The target population comprised victims of sexual violence drawn from FC and households. Key informants were selected staff members of FC, police department and the Centre for Human Rights as well as chiefs, assistant chiefs and village elders. The study employed multi-stage, snowball, simple random and purposive sampling techniques in the selection of the study sample. Since the study was majorly descriptive, it mainly collected qualitative data although a small percentage of quantitative data was also collected. Questionnaire, structured and unstructured interview schedule, participant observation, CVA and content analysis were the main instruments of data collection for this study. Descriptive data was analyzed descriptively by computing measures of central tendency, frequency counts and percentages. Chi-square Correlation Coefficient was computed to establish the level of significance of correlation between study variables. The study established that sexual violence was more prevalent in individuals who were either illiterate or had attained primary level of education. Sexual violence was also prevalent among women than men. The study recommends that a comprehensive public awareness campaign on sexual violence be developed, delivered and evaluated by the Ministry of Health. The study also recommends that medical and legal charges for sexual violence victims be waived by the government.
Keywords: prevalence, sexual violence, individuals, socio-economic status, Eldoret Municipality, Kenya

[1]. Akiba, M., LeTendre, G.K., Baker D.P. and Goesling, B. (2002). "School victimization: national and school system effects on school violence in 37 nations". American Conflict resolution al Research Journal. 39(4): 829-853.
[2]. Barker, E.D., Tremblay, R.E. and Nagin, D.S. (2006). "Development of male proactive and reactive physical aggression during adolescence". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 47: 783−790.
[3]. Butchart K. (2001). "Female genital mutilation and the responsibility of reproductive health professionals". International Journal of Gynaecology Obstetrics. 46: 127-135.
[4]. The CUVs (2003). Final Report, Changing the Landscape: Ending Violence and Achieving Equality. Ottawa: Canadian Panel on Violence against Women. Daily Nation (2013)
[5]. Dunkle, K. (2008). "Gender-based violence, relationship power, and risk of HIV Infection in women attending antenatal clinics in South Africa". The Lancet. 94: 1415–1421.

Abstract: The paper is captured within the dynamics of Human Information Behaviour in an Academic Library setting of Ahmadu Bello University. It indicated how instinct of information needs are triggered by tasks individuals intend to perform or accomplish. Survey method was used to carry out the investigation. Questionnaire was used to generate data on likely tasks. Dissertation; Thesis and Project received 23(46%) response as tasks that bring people to the Library followed by administrative and independent study with 12(24%) and 10(20%) as another tasks that stimulate people to look for information in the library. The paper recommended that Library and Information Centers should adopt User-Task-Approach to information service delivery to ensure optimum and efficient utilization of fund and allowed them to adjust to dwindling fund allocations. The importance of up-dating existing information collections is relevant to providing quality service. Users are satisfied when they check back again. Satisfaction is guaranteed by maintaining current information collections.

Key ward: Human; Information Behavior: information need

[1]. Allen, B.(1997). Information needs: A person-in-situation approach. In vakkari, P., Savolainen, R., & Dervin, B. (Eds.), Information seeking in context: Proceedings of an international conference on research in information needs, seeking and use in different contexts.(pp.111-122). London: Tylor Graham.
[2]. Allen, B.L. (1996). Information tasks: Toward a user-centered approach to information systems. San Diego: Academic Press.
[3]. Barbara M. Wildemuth and Anthony Hughes (2005) perspectives on the Tasks in which Information Behaviours Are Embedded: The Theories of Information Behaviour. Information Today, Inc: Medford, New Jersey. Pp. 275.
[4]. Dervin, B. (1999). On studying information seeking methodology: The implications of connecting metatheory to method. Information Processing & Management.
[5]. H N Prasad (2009) information need and users: ATICULO. Vol. 8 FORINFO ABRIL-JUNIO, 2009.
[6]. Kuhlthau, C.C. (1991) Inside the search Process: Information Seeking form the user's perspective. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 42, 361-371

Abstract: University graduates have very good potential to be developed into self-employment; however, many are not interested to run their own business. They need to be encouraged to have a strong motivation to establish their own business so that they do not expect to be hired by any other companies anymore. Now there is no more reason for shortage of funds if they would like to start a new business since the available CSR funds can support it optimally. A solid partnership in implementing CSR programs involving many parties, especially the ones from the colleges as a mediator and an initiator, is highly required so that the productive, innovative and creative programs are created. Keywords: CSR, Entrepreneurship, Policy, Unemployment

[1]. Rusdin Alaudin, 2012, Tanggung Jawab Sosial Dan Lingkungan Pelaku Usaha Pertambangan Emas dan Nikel Di Provinsi Maluku Utara, Program Doktor Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum Program Universitas Brawijaya, Malang
[2]. S Dessy Ariyati, Risky Fitria, Sheridan Olenka, Diane Pitaloka, Naresthi Ayu Milkoma, Tindakan dari Corporate Social Responsibility yang Dilakukan Oleh Perusahaan Indosat http://bisnisgroup.wordpress. com/2008/10/10/
[3]. Siregar, Chairil N. 2007, Analisis Sosiologis Terhadap Implementasi Corporate Social Responsibility Pada Masyarakat Indonesia Jurnal Sosioteknologi Edisi 12 tahun 6, Desember
[4]. UU Nomor 40 Tahun 2007
[5]. http://gagasanherman.wordpress.com/2013)

Abstract: Education is the development of the abilities of the mind. The term education is commonly used in various fields of knowledge. The meaning of the term is very extensive. That is education of development as lecturer training as an independent field of study of own content. Integration is another expression used for education which means main streaming. The very term integration signifies the process establishment of disabled children with the normal children in the same educational setting. Special education refers to instruction that is specifically designed to meet the needs of exceptional children. It involves designing the physical environment in the classroom teaching procedures, teaching content and equipment for a particular type of disability. An exceptional child is who deviate physical, intellectual and social marked by normal growth and development that can't be benefited from regular classroom programmed and needs special treatment in school. This study aimed to create a profile of difficulties of totally visual impaired students from childhood with a vision to inform future services and to raise awareness of the need for comprehensive assessment including developmental remediation and educational advice.

Key Words: Education, Disability and Visual Impaired

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[2]. Bharat sigh (2004), Modern Special Education, Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
[3]. Chintamani Kar, (1992), Modern Educational Psychology, Arya Book Depot, New Delhi.
[4]. Dr. Dibakar Kundu (1991), Modern Educational Psychology, Arya Book Depot, New Delhi.
[5]. Jangira, N. K. and others, (1988), Slource Book for Teaching Visually Disabled Children. N. C. E. R. T., New Delhi.
[6]. K.C. Panda (1997), Education of Exceptional Children, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.