iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2014

Abstract: A simple one dimensional approach to determine the size of the centrifugal impeller for maximum through flow has been indicated. This design procedure does not mean that the centrifugal impeller could be finally decided on the results obtained from this article. It must be borne in mind that this only deals with some aspects of the design and in itself is not a complete one by which the impeller could have its final shape and size. The major idea of introducing this paper is to highlight the importance of some of the parameters that go towards influencing the design of the centrifugal impeller. The stage pressure, temperature and work output of a centrifugal machine is basically dependant on the major dimensions like the diameter of the impeller '𝑑2' and its tip speed ′𝑢2 ', the vane outlet angle '𝛽2' and the flow coefficient '∅2' at exit '𝑐2𝑚/ 𝑢2'. Further, the influence of the inlet vane angle '𝛽1' and the inlet Mach number '𝑀1'of the flow seriously affect the design of the high speed centrifugal impeller. Some guidelines have been indicated. The shape of the impeller channel passages are to be designed based on whether the compressor needs to have an energy build up in the impeller or a high pressure generation within the impeller of the compressor. In such cases, the radial diffuser at the exit of the impeller plays a very crucial role. Since the speed at which the impeller rotates is of interest, it is absolutely necessary for the designer to pay attention to the stress calculations of the impeller rear and front shrouds.

[1]. Bhargava, R K & Gopalakrishnan, G (1978) Optimising Splitter Vane Locations Using the Method of Singularities, Proc. of the First International Conference on Centrifugal Compressor Technology, IIT, Madras, India
[2]. Fabri, J (1978) Flow Distribution in a Radial Impeller with Splitter Vanes, Proc. of the First International Conference on Centrifugal Compressor Technology, IIT, Madras, India149 -155
[3]. Ogawa, T & Gopalakrishnan, G (1981) Use of Splitter Vanes in Centrifugal Compressor Impellers, Proc. Of the Eighth Canadian Congress of Applied Mechanics, Moncton, Canada
[4]. Gopalakrishnan, G (1974) Some Aerodynamic Aspects of Centrifugal Impeller Channel Flow, Ph.D. Thesis, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
[5]. Gopalakrishnan, G & Rangaswamy, C (1974) Influence of Prewhirl on Centrifugal Impeller Performance, Jl. of Instn. Of Engrs(I), vol.55,Pt. ME, pp.1-4

Abstract: In this work, experimental investigation is carried out to understand influence of twisted tape and internal coil on heat transfer characteristics in a circular tube. The work focuses on experimental investigation of heat transfer & friction factor characteristics of horizontal circular pipe by the means of inserts, with air as working fluid. Nusselt number & friction factor obtained experimentally were validated against those obtained from theoretical correlations. The twisted tapes used are of three different twist ratios such as 1.78, 2.32 and 2.77. Also a coil is inserted tightly in a pipe. Initially experiment was carried out for plain tube at constant wall heat flux & different mass flow rates of air. Secondly experiment was carried out with insertions in a tube for the same working conditions as that of plain tube. The experimental results obtained were compared with those obtained from plain tube.

Keywords: Enhancement, heat transfer, coil and twisted tape inserts, turbulent flow, pressure drop

[1]. A Dewan, P Mahanta, K Sumithra Raju & P Suresh Kumar, "Review of passive heat transfer augmentation techniques", Proc.Instn Mech.Engrs.Vol.218 Part A: J Power & Energy, (2004), 509-527
[2]. C. Nithiyesh Kumar, P. Murugesan, "Review on twisted tapes heat transfer enhancement", International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Resesarch,Vol 3,(2012),1-9
[3]. M.M.Rahman, Y.M.Ling, "Condensation & Evaporation heat transfer of R-22 inside internally grooved copper tubes", Journal of Energy & Environment,Vol.2, (2010), 9-15
[4]. Ramakant Shrivastava,Ravi Kumar,Akhilesh Gupta, Sachida Nand Lal, "Heat transfer augmentation by inserts during condensation of refrigerant R-22 inside a horizontal tube", International Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue,(2006), 1-7
[5]. Dr.S.N.Sapali, "Two phase condensation heat transfer coefficients & pressure drops of R-404A for different condensing temperatures in a smooth micro-fin tube", International Journal of Engineering Science & Technology, Vol.1(2),(2009), 43-58

Abstract: This paper presents the results of an experimental research on the workability and mechanical properties of high strength self-compacting concrete of grade M70 containing Fly ash and Micro silica as mineral admixtures. The work focused on concrete mixes having Water/Cement ratios of 0.23, 0.24, 0.25, 0.26 and 0.27, with a Packing Factor of 1.12. The Concrete mixes contains different proportions of Fly Ash, Super plasticizers, water binder ratios and constant proportions of Cement, Micro Silica, VMA, Coarse aggregate and Fine aggregate for different Water Cement ratios based on trial mixes. The percentage of Micro Silica added is 7% for all mixes based on trial mixes. The mix proportions are obtained on the basis of NAN-SU mix design. All the mixes contain Cement of 574 kg/m3 but with different total binder content. The workability tests performed in this research were as per EFNARC. Based upon the experimental results, for water cement ratio 0.25 fresh and hardened state properties of high strength self-compacting concrete are moderate.

[1]. Okamra H. and Ouchi, M. "Self-compacting concrete". Journal of advanced concrete technology, 2003, Vol.1, No.1, pp 5-15
[2]. Anne-Meike Poppe an Geert De Schutter. "Cement hydration in the presence of high filler contents". Cement and Concrete research 2005, Vol.35, pp 2290-2299.
[3]. Khatri, R.P. and Sirivivatnanon, V. "Effect of different supplementary cementitious materials on mechanical properties of high performance concrete," Cement and Concrete Research, 25, 1, 1995, 209-220.
[4]. Nan Su, Kung –Chung Hsub and His-Wen Chai. " A simple mix design method for self compacting concrete". Cement and Concrete Research, 2001, Vol.31, pp 1799-1807.
[5]. S. Venkateswara Rao, M. V. Seshagiri Rao and P. Ratihish Kumar. "Effect of size of aggregate and fines on standard and high strength self-compacting concrete", Applied science research, 6(5): 433-442, 2010.
[6]. Felekoglu, B. and Sarikahya, H. "Effect of chemical structure of polycarboxylate-based super plasticizers on workability retention of self-compacting concrete," Construction and Building Materials, 22, 2008, 1792-1980

Abstract: In this paper, the response of a beam on elastic foundation under static and dynamic loads is studied. The foundation model is based on Winkler hypothesis. Various methods are described for treating the analysis of beams on elastic foundation subjected to point load in transverse direction. An example problem is solved using finite element package ANSYS.
Keywords: Beam on Winkler foundation, dynamic analysis, moving loads, fem formulation

[1] Roland Jančo, Solution Methods for Beam and Frames on Elastic Foundation Using the Finite Element Method. International Scientific Conference, Ostrava, 2010 Journal Papers:

[2] D. Thambiratnam and Y. Zhuge, Dynamic Analysis of Beams on an Elastic Foundation Subjected to Moving Loads. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 198(2), 1996, 149-169

[3] Yi Wang, Yong Wang, Biaobiao Zhang and Steve Shepard, Transient Responses of Beam with Elastic Foundation Supports under Moving Wave Load Excitation. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2011, Volume 1No. 2

Abstract: To bring down the operating costs in maritime traffic expenditure, the usage of fuel has to be reduced. For this the only possible solution is that to find alternative energy sources. In open sea easily available energy sources are solar energy and wind energy. Among them Wind energy is best suited for serving the purpose due to its availability and ease of transformation. In the present study the effect of wind sail on ship is analysed. Wind sail was modelled numerically using CFD technique. The influence of the main sail design variables such as draft, camber and angle of attack due to the forces coefficients of sail. One sail model was developed, and sail model was simulated at an 90 °angle of attack for maximum thrust .And conduct structural analysis for the sail model.

Keywords :CFD, FEM , Mast , Sail ,Wind energy

[1] Banks J, Webb A, Spenkuch T, Turnock S.R.(2010) Procedia Engineering 2 "Measurement of dynamic forces experienced by an asymmetric yacht during a gybe, for use within sail simulation software"pp 2511–2516 Southampton, SO171BJ, UK. [2] Dr. Robert Ranzenbach, Dave Armitage, Adolfo Carrau "Mainsail Planform Optimization for IRC 52 Using Fluid Structure Interaction"The 21st Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium Annapolis, Maryland, March 2013. [3] E. Dias and C. Silva (2000) "Analysis of flow conditions in a candle boat using computer dynamics offluids"International Conference on Computational Methods in Environmental and Thermal Engineering. [4] Francisco Perez -Arribas, Patricia Izaguirre -Alza, Luis Perez -Rojas, Alberto Torres – Benayas (2012) Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 48 "EU- Cargo Xpress :Wind Propulsion Concept"pp 1314 – 1323, Victoria, 20844, Madrid.
[5] Ignazio Maria Viola, Raffaele Ponzini, Daniele Rocchi, Fabio Fossati "Analysis of Aerodynamic Indices for Racing Sailing Yachts: a Computational Study and Benchmark on upto 128 CPUs." The twentieth in the high-level international series of parallel computing in computational fluid dynamics, pp 61-69 May 2008.

Abstract: software program that determines the load-moment interaction diagrams for prestressed concrete short columns stressed with high tensile steel bars is presented. The program solves for all possible variables such as concrete compressive strength, d /D ratio, B/D ratio and percentage steel. Two sets of charts were plotted – (1) Keeping B=230mm, B/D ratios were varied along with variations in concrete compressive strength, d/D ratio and percentage steel

[1] Shinju Sajeev Valaparambil, Sivan. P. P and Sanya Maria Gomez, Development of Interaction Curves for Prestressed Concrete Columns with Cold Drawn Wires, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 4, Issue 9, 2014, 655-662.
[2] Dr. Amlan K Sengupta & Prof. Devdas Menon, Prestressed Concrete Structures (NPTEL, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras).
[3] IS: 1343-1980 - Indian Standard- Code of Practice for Prestressed Concrete (Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 2003).
[4] IS: 2090 -1983 - Indian Standard- Specification for High Tensile Steel Bars Used in Prestressed Concrete (Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 1993).
[5] A. E. Naaman, Prestressed Concrete Analysis and Design-Fundamentals (Second edition, Techno Press 3000, USA, 2004).
[6] T. Y. Lin and Ned. H. Burns, Design of Prestressed Concrete Structures (Third edition, Wiley India, New Delhi, 2012).
[7] G. S. Pandit and S. P. Gupta, Prestressed Concrete (First edition, CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2010).

Abstract: Machining of thin-walled (aluminium alloy) aerospace structures is a critical process due to the high warpage. Current practices in the fixture design and the choice of cutting parameters rely solely on conservative guidelines and the designer's experience. This paper presents evaluation of clamping force to fix the work piecein aVacuum fixture using Vacuum pump. The ISCARonline calculator is used to evaluate tangential and axial cutting force for a milling cutter. The component is practically subjected to forces (Axial &Tangential), are analysed and the optimum amount of clamping force necessary to hold the component for proper machining is calculated,

[1]. Hammed, R.A, M.A. Mannan and A.Y.C. Nee, 2004.The cutting force measurement in a fixturing setup with instrumented locators. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 23: 783-793.
[2]. Krishna Kumar Kulankara, SrinathSatyanarayana and Shreyes N. Melkote, 2002. By using genetic algorithm, describes Optimization of clamping force and Fixture layout. ASME Journal,124: 119-125.
[3]. Li, B., S.N. Melkote and S.Y. Liang, 2000.Analysis of Reactions and Minimum Clamping Force for Machining Fixtures with Large Contact Areas. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 16: 79-84.
[4]. Necmettin Kaya, 2006.By using genetic algorithm, describes the locating machining fixture and clamping position optimization, 57: 112-120.

Abstract: Functionally graded materials (FGM) are defined as an anisotropic material whose physical properties vary continuously throughout the volume, either randomly or strategically, to achieve desired characteristics or functionality. The aim of this project is to perform a modal analysis to determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a FGM using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). A modal analysis will be performed on isotropic cases with FEA and compared its known theoretical solution. FGMs are then chosen in increasing complexity and modal analysis is performed on each case. These analyses are compared to the natural frequencies of the constituent materials computed in the isotropic cases. The natural frequencies of the FGMs are Compared known solutions in literature, if they exist or compared to analytic models for computing FGMs. In all cases of modal analysis, the FEA are validated by mesh extension trials and convergence tests.
Keywords: natural frequency of the FGMs, modal analysis

[1]. "Fundamentals of Functionally Graded Materials: Processing and Thermomechanical Behaviour of Graded Metals and Metal-Ceramic Composites", S. Suresh and A. Mortensen;
[2]. "Processing Techniques for Functionally Graded Materials", B.Kieback, A. Neubrand, H.Riedel, Material Science and Engineering A362 (2003) 81-105;
[3]. " Infiltration and physical characteristics of functionally graded alumina/calcium-hexaluminate composites", D.Asmi, I.M. Low, Journal of Material Processing Technology, 118 (2001) 225-230
[4]. "Fundamentals of liquid phase sintering for modern cermets and functionally graded cemented carbonitrides (FGCC)", Limin Chen, Walter Lengauer, Peter Ettmayer, Klaus Dreyer, Hans W. Daub, Dieter Kassel, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 18 (2000) 307-322;
[5]. "Synthesis of functionally gradient NiCr-Al/MgO-ZrO2 coating by plasma spray technique", S. Eroglu, N.C.Birla, M.Demirci, T. Baykara, Journal of Material Science Letters 12 (1993), 1099-1102;

Abstract: The vortex tube creates a vortex from compressed air and separates it into two air streams - one hot and one cold. This can be done by either a counter flow (or) a unit flow arrangement. In a vortex tube, the incoming air is separated into two streams, one stream rejects energy and hence become colder than the incoming air while the other receives the rejected energy and thus it has temperature elevated. The fabrication and experimental investigation was carried out based on different materials of Hot tubes like Mild steel, Aluminium and Copper used in fabrication by that the maximum hot air temperature and minimum cold air temperature were found. The fabrication and experimental investigation was carried out based on nozzle 8 mm diameter and orifice 6 mm diameter used in fabrication by that the maximum hot air temperature and minimum cold air temperature were found and by using same L/D ratio 22 with adiabatic process of Hot tube.

Keywords: Energy separation process, Ranque -Hilsch vortex tube Copper, Mild steel and Aluminium

[1]. G J Ranque. .Experiments on Expansion in a Vortex with Simultaneous Exhaust of Hot and Cold Air. Le Journal De Physique, et le Radium (Paris), vol 4, June 1933
[2]. R Hilsch. .The use of the Expansion of Aires in a Centrifugal Field as a Cooling Process. Review of Scientific Instruments, vol 13, February 1947,
[3]. C D Fulton. .Ranque Tube. Journal of the ASRE, Refrigeration Engineering, vol 58, May 1950, pp 473-479.
[4]. G W Scheper (Jr). .The Vortex Tube Internal Flow Data and a Heat Transfer Theory.. Journal of the ASRE, Refrigeration Engineering, vol 59, October 1951,
[5]. J P Hartnett and E R G Eckert. .Experimental Study of the Velocity and Temperature Distribution in a High Velocity Vortex Tube Flow. Transactions of ASME, vol 79, May 1957,

Abstract: Structural Cracks are a common occurrence in all types of buildings. To ensure the longevity of the structure, engineers are often required to look into their causes and carry out suitable repairs and remedial measures. For repairs and remedies to be effective, it is essential that the engineer should have a proper understanding of various causes of occurrence of cracks. For investigating the causes it is necessary to observe carefully the location, shape, size, depth, behavior and other characteristics of the cracks, and to collect information about specifications of the job and time of construction. It is also necessary for the engineer to keep track of when the cracks first came to notice. This paper talks about how visual inspection of cracks can be helpful in order to identify and categorize them with respect to various parameters by taking case study of an institutional building.

Keywords : Cracks, Shrinkage, Structural Failure, Stresses, Grouting

[1]. CBRI, Roorkee. (n.d.). Remedial measures of cracked buildings in expansive soil areas.
[2]. Central Building Research Institute, R. (1984). Handbook on Causes and Prevention of cracks. IS. SP. 25.
[3]. Chand, S. (October 2008). Cracks in buildings and their remedial measures. Indian concrete Journal.
[4]. Gambhir, M. L. (2005). Concrete Technology, 3rd Edition. New Delhi: The McGraw-Hill Companies.
[5]. Hosein, H. R. (1980). Epoxy resin grouting. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.
[6]. institution, I. s. (1968). Design and installation of joints in buildings. IS codes.

Abstract: Due to the ever growing demand for alternative energy fuel sources, hybrid cars are gaining importance in this current century. In order to achieve greater efficiency in hybrid cars, automobile companies are investing heavily in research and development. Need for conservation of energy is necessary for achieving greater efficiency in hybrid vehicles. In this context, thermoelectric materials play a very important role. The main objective of this paper is to analyze an improved method of recharging the batteries in hybrid vehicles using a ceramic coated cast iron bar with an inner lining of fiber glass material inside to which a bismuth telluride bar is placed, is fitted to the cylinder head of the gasoline engine. The electricity generated is given to the battery which makes it charge at a faster rate. Keywords: Bismuth telluride, fiber glass.

[1]. http://www.zigwheels.com/guide/fuel-efficiency-guide/hybrid-vehicles-all-you-need-to-know/12171/1
[2]. http://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/hybrid-technology/hybrid-cars-cause-pollution3.htm
[3]. http://www.adv-engineering.com/production/bismuth%20telluride.html
[4]. http://composite.about.com/od/aboutglass/l/aa980630.html
[5]. http://web.mit.edu/2.972/www/reports/hybrid_vehicle/hybrid_electric_vehicles.html