iosr-JNHS   Volume-3 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Assessment Of Psychological Factors Associated With Chronic Pain Patients.
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Prof. Agashua, Atume Philemon , Dr. Chia, Perpetua Ngosoo ,Ugese, Jonathan Iornenge , Dr. Abamara, Nnaemeka Chukwudum
	:	10.9790/1959-03320107

Abstract: This study assessed psychological factors associated with chronic pain patients at Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, Nigeria. The study was a cross-sectional survey where 195 patients (118 males and 77 females) were selected for the study through a simple random sampling method. Their ages ranged from 17 – 64 years with the mean of (28). Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Form Y-1 and Big Five Inventory (BFI) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using Pearson Product-Moment correlation coefficient to establish the relationship between personality and pain and independent t-test to test the differences between the groups. The results showed a significant difference in depression between male and female patients experiencing pain (t df(193) = 2.37; p < .05). No significant difference was however observed between medical and surgical patients on anxiety (t df(193)=-.42, p> .05). Also, there was a significant negative relationship between Open personality trait and pain (r df(143) = -.16, p < .05). Based on these findings, it was recommended that Psychologists should be included in the treatment team for the effective management of chronic pain and that further research in the study area should be conducted using larger sample.
Key Words: Depression, Anxiety, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, Openness and Chronic Pain.

[1]. Asghari, M. A. (1997). The relative contribution of personality and pain related beliefs: Coping strategies in adjustment to chronic pain. Dissertation Abstract International Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 58, 1586.
[2]. Ashton, H., Ebenezer, J.F. & Golding, J.W. (1984). Effects of acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on cold-induced pain in normal subjects. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 28:301-308.
[3]. Bond M.R., Glynn, J.P. & Thomas, D.G. (1976). Relation between pain and personality in patients receiving pentazocine (Fortral) after surgery. Journal of Psychosomatic Research; 20:369–81.
[4]. Brown, R.A., Fader, K. & Barber, T.X. (1973). Responsiveness to pain: stimulus specificity versus generulity. Psychological Record, 3;23:1–7.
[5]. Buhler, K. E. & Land, T. (2003). Burnout and personality in intensive care: An empirical study. Hospital Topics. Research and Perspectives on Health Care, 81, 5–12.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effectiveness of cartoon distraction on pain perception and distress in children during intravenous injection
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Baljit Kaur , Jyoti Sarin , Yogesh Kumar
	:	10.9790/1959-03320815

Abstract: Background: Intravenous injection is a medical procedure, often accompanied by pain and distress in children. Thus the reduction of such pain and distress becomes the responsibility of health care professionals to an extent as possible while maintaining patient safety by using various pharmacological and non pharmacological interventions. Method: A quasi - experimental study was undertaken on children of 4 to 12 years age who were undergoing intravenous injections to determine the effectiveness of "Cartoon Distraction" as a strategy to reduce the pain perception and distress. The study comprised of 30 children selected through purposive sampling method. In present study the assessment of pain and distress done in morning without cartoon distraction and in evening with cartoon distraction at initiation, at five minutes and at termination of administration of intravenous injection on FACES pain scale and on distress assessment scale respectively on day 1. While on day 2, to understand the diurnal effect of pain and distress, there was assessment of pain and distress in morning with cartoon distraction and in evening without cartoon distraction at initiation, at five minutes and at termination of administration of intravenous injection Result: The results revealed that there is significantly (p <0.005) less pain and distress in children with cartoon distraction at initiation, at five minutes and at termination of administration of intravenous injection. The findings also revealed that there is no influence of gender on perception of pain but there was an inverse relation of behavior pain response with age of the child. Children who had history of previous hospitalization had an increased perception of pain and distress during the current hospitalization. Pain and distress is also directly proportional to time duration of administration of intravenous injection and number of intravenous injection per day and the presence of caregiver had no role on the same.Conclusion: It was concluded that cartoon distraction is an effective distraction strategy to reduce pain and distress among children during intravenous injection.
Keywords: Effectiveness, Cartoon Distraction, Pain perception, Distress and Intravenous Injection.

[1]. Cummings EA, Reid GJ, Finley GA, McGrath PJ, Ritchie JA. Prevalence and source of pain in pediatric inpatients. Journal of Pain 1996; 68: 25-31.
[2]. Cohen LL. Behavioral approaches to anxiety and pain management for pediatric venous access. Journal of Pediatrics 2008;122:134-9.
[3]. Rockville, MD. Acute pain management in infants, children and adolescents- Operative and medical procedures. Agency for Healthcare Policy and Research (AHCPR) Publications; 1992.
[4]. Broome ME, Bates TA, Lillis PP, McGahee TW. Children's medical fears, coping behaviors, and pain perceptions during a lumbar puncture. Oncology Nursing Forum 1990; 17: 361-7.
[5]. Taddio A. Effects of early pain experience (the human literature). In: McGrathPJ, Finley A, eds. Chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents: progress inpain research and management. Vol. 13. Seattle: IASP Press; 1999. p. 57-74.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Quantitative Gait Analysis of Healthy Adults Using Foot Print Method and Win Track
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sumandeep Kaur , VijJaspreet Singh
	:	10.9790/1959-03321621

Abstract: uman locomotion. It is an important aspect of health diagnostics, management and rehabilitation of numerous disorders. Various instruments have been developed for the analysis of gait parameters in due course of time. But to test its validity and reliability of is prior importance. Thus the purpose of the present study is to compare the foot print method of gait analysis with Win track platform.Objective: To compare the various quantitative gait parameters using footprint method of gait analysis and Win track platform in healthy adults during bare foot walking. Design: Experimental repeated measures, Convenient sampling. Study Setting: Outpatients department, SBRMH, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India Participants: Total 30 healthy participants(14 men and 16 women) were recruited for the study. Procedure: All the subjects wereinstructed first to walk along a smooth horizontal 10 m long walkway. Only the middle five steps were calculated to avoid variability in the steps associated with initiation and termination of the gait. The gait velocity, cadence, step lengths and stride length were calculated for the quantitative gait analysis of the gait parameters. After that, the same subjects were instructed to walk on the WIN TRACK Platform. Three trials were taken for both groups and their averages were obtained. Statistical Tool: SPSS VERSION 16 Result: There was a significant difference in the cadence (p value- 0.000), gait velocity(p value – 0.001) and stride length (p value – 0.024). But no significant difference was observed in right step length (p value 0.205) and leftstep length(p value 0 .128). Conclusion: Although WIN TRACK has given almost similar values in terms of step lengths in comparison with foot print analysis, but it was unable to provide similar results in cadence, gait velocity and stride length, which are the integral part of human locomotion.
Keywords: Analysis of gait, Foot prints method of gait analysis, Gait parameters, WIN TRACK

[1]. S. Ghoussayni, C. Stevens, S. Durham,D. wins. Assessment and validation of a simpleautomated method for the detection of gait events and intervals. Gait Posture 2004, 20, 266–272.
[2]. N.K. Boulgouris, D. Hatzinakos, K.N. Plataniotis. Gait recognition: A challenging signal processing technology for biometric identification. IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 2005, 22, 78–90.
[3]. K. Watanab, M. Hokari. Kinematical analysis and measurement of sports form. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A2006, 36, 549–557.

[4]. D.Y. Kwon, M. Gross. Combining body sensors and visual sensors for motion training. InProceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology, Valencia, Spain, 15–17 June 2005; pp. 94–101.
[5]. L. Wang,W. Hu, T. Tan. Recent developments in human motion analysis. Pattern Recognit.2003, 36, 585–601.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs Of Inmates in District Jail of Jaipur City – A Cross Sectional Study
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Anup N., Dr. Gautam Biswas, Dr. Preeti Vishnani, Dr. Swasti Tambi, Dr. Siddharth Acharaya, Dr. Himanshu Kumawat
	:	10.9790/1959-03322231

Abstract: Objectives: To assess the oral health status and treatment needs of inmates of, District Jail Jaipur. Materials And Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out on the inmates (N=870) in the district jail of Jaipur. Proforma related to general demographic information was filled by the examiner and the subjects were clinically examined using WHO 1997 "Oral Health Assessment form.
Results: This study revealed that 92.5% of the inmates were male. 53.8% never visited the dentist & 87% never received any type of dental care during imprisonment. Prevalence of pro- mucosal lesion was 59.8%. Inmates had poor periodontal conditions and 79% inmates had dental caries with mean DMFT of 4.79. Conclusion: Periodontal disease, mucosal lesions and dental caries are major public health problem among the inmates, which require special attention and efforts from government and other organizations to meet their treatment needs.
Key words: prison inmates. Dental caries, loss of attachment, treatment need

[1]. Colsher PL, Wallace RB, LoeffelholzPLet al. Health status of older maleprisoners: a comprehensive survey.American Journal of Public Health 1992;82(6):881-82.
[2]. Heidari E, Dickinson C, Wilson R, Fiske J.Oral health of remand prisoners in HMPBrixton, London. British Dental Journal2007;1–6.
[3]. Prison Heath. Available at http://www.prisons.tn.nic.in/history.htm;accessed on December 18, 2013.
[4]. Christine K. Heng, Douglas E. Morse.Dental caries experience of femaleinmates. Journal of Public HealthDentistry 2002;62(1):253-57.

[5]. Berkman A. Prison health: the breakingpoint. Am J Public Health 1995;85(12):1616–18..

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Comparative Study To Assess The Knowledge On Nursing Care Plan Between High-Tech High-Touch Approach Users And Conventional Approach Users Among B.Sc (N) First Year Students In College Of Nursing At Chennai
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mrs.Kavitha.S, Prof.Mrs.S.Aruna, C.Megilin Bose Asst.prof
	:	10.9790/1959-03323233

Abstract: Clinical areas pose a great challenge to nursing teachers. In nursing, psychomotor skills enjoy a dominant position and professional competency of a nurse is recognized mainly by the demonstration of clinical skills. Introduction of sophisticated equipments on a regular basis to assist patient care again adds to the complex nature of clinical teaching. Considering the increased mechanization of the patient care, while teaching clinical skills teacher has to motivate the students to follow the High-tech High-touch approach in order to preserve the human component of nursing care. Through appropriate clinical teaching methods an intelligent teacher always help the student to develop an appreciable level of nursing skill

[1]. Acharya. (1997). Integral Education(2nded).AP: Publishing corporation
[2]. Basvanthappa. (2004).Nursing Education (1st ed). New Delhi: Jaypee brothers. 120-122.
[3]. Christenson Barbara. (1999). Foundation of Nursing (3rdn ed). Missouri: Mosby Publishers. 131-134.
[4]. Colin, et.al., (2008). Components of Nursing process, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 12(67), 12-16

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Study to Assess the Effectiveness Of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy on Stress among Staff Nurses Working In Selected Hospitals at Vadodara City
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ms.Palak Patel
	:	10.9790/1959-03323459

Abstract: Stress is a multidimensional phenomenon which is focused on dynamic relationship between the individual and the environment. Studies indicated that medical professionals such as Medical students, Nurses and Nursing students experience many stressor agents. Hospitals are considered as one of the most stressful work environments, because there, it is the matter of humans' death and life. Nursing profession is generally perceived as a stressful and demanding profession. It is both physically and psychologically challenging. There are various methods recommended to control or reduce the stress. Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy is a systematic therapy for managing stress and achieving a deep state of relaxation. It is an effective and widely used strategy for stress relief. With regular practice it gives a complete relaxation .Pre experimental one group pre - test and post -test research design was adopted to achieve the goal of the study by using instrument i.e demographic data and stress assessment scale among 30 staff nurses. The findings of the study revealed that in pre test most of the nurses 53.3% had moderate stress, 40.0% had mild stress and 6.7% had severe stress. In post test most of the nurses had mild stress 73.3 % and no stress 26.7 % . It is concluded that Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy is effective in reducing the stress level of the staff nurses.
Keywords: Hospital, Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy, Staff Nurses, Stress.

[1]. Beddoe AE, Murphy SO. Does mindfulness decrease stress and foster empathy among nursing students? J Nurs Educ. 2004;43(7):305–12. [PubMed]
[2]. Taghavi Larijani T, Ramezani Badr F, Khatoni A, Monjamed Z. Comparison of stressors in the final year students of nursing and midwifery selected University of Tehran. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Hayat) 2007;13(2):61–70.
[3]. Abazari F, Abaszadeh A, Arab M. Evaluation and sources of stress in nursing students. Journal of Medical Education Development steps. 2004;1(1):23–31.
[4]. Shipton SP. The process of seeking stress-care: coping as experienced by senior baccalaureate nursing students in response to appraised clinical stress. J Nurs Educ. 2002;41(6):243–56. [PubMed]
[5]. Gammon J, Morgan-Samuel H. A study to ascertain the effect of structured student tutorial support on student stress, self-esteem and coping. Nurse Educ Pract. 2005;5(3):161–171. [PubMed]

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Bio-Medical Waste Management
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Manish Patidar, Pavan Kumar Jain, Ravindra H. N.
	:	10.9790/1959-03326065

Abstract: Background: Healthcare is one of the fastest growing sectors in India. The healthcare facilities are a basic requirement of human kind but these are also sources of life threatening wastes and toxins. The Nurses spend maximum time with patients in the ward than any other member of the health team, it increases their exposure and risk to the hazards present in hospital environment, mainly from Bio-Medical Waste. They need to be well equipped with latest information, skills and practices in managing this waste besides reducing hospital-acquired infections to protect their own health. They are also responsible for preventing risk due to waste to the other members of health team and community at large. Aims and objectives: The study aimed at assessing the knowledge of Nurses regarding Biomedical Waste Management, evaluate the effectiveness of Structure Teaching Programme on Bio-Medical Waste Management and find out association between pre test knowledge score and selected demographic variables Material and Methods: A one group pre-test post-test pre-experimental design and evaluative approach was adopted. The study was conducted among 60 staff nurses conveniently selected from two hospitals of Vadodara. The content validity of the tool and teaching plan was established. The reliability of tool was established by testing the internal consistency by using Test -retest method. Results: Result of study indicate that p-value = 0.000 < 0.01 , the difference between the Pre-test and Post-test scores is highly significant at 1% level of significance this shows that the Structured Teaching Programme on Bio-Medical Waste Management is effective. Conclusion: This study concluded that structure teaching program is effective tools to improve the knowledge of staff nurses regarding bio-medical management.
Key words: Assess, Effectiveness, Structural Teaching Programme, Bio-Medical Waste, Nurses, Hospital

[1]. www.cpcb.nic.in, Ministry of Environment and Forests, notification N.S.O. 630 (E).Biomedical waste (management and handling) rules 1998
[2]. Anand R.C. and Sidharth Satpathy, Hospital Waste Management: A holistic approach,aNew Delhi : Jay pee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD., 2003. P.No.118
[3]. Madhuri Sharma, Hospital waste management and its monitoring, 1st edition, jaypee publication, P.No.2-5
[4]. WHO core principles for achieving safe and sustainable management of health-care waste, WHO in Geneva on June 20 - 22, 2007.
[5]. AFACFO, (2002) Manual Bio Medical Waste Management of hospital infection control for armed forces. Second edition Pg. No. 21.
[6]. Pandit, N.A., S.A. Tabish and G.J. Qadri, 2007. Biomedical Waste Management in a Large Teaching Hospital. JK- Practitioner, P.No. 57-59.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An exploratory survey to identify the adolescents with high risk for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and to find the effectiveness of an awareness programme among students of selected pre university colleges of Udupi District
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shobha, Elsa Sanatombi Devi, Anusuya Prabhu
	:	10.9790/1959-03326669

Abstract: Introduction: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the leading health problems among women of reproductive age group. Many of the menstrual problems are ignored initially during the adolescent period, and the problem will be identified much later when they seek treatment for infertility. Risk assessment appears to be the most useful method in identifying the condition at the earliest and encourage the adolescents for seeking the treatment. Objective: objectives of the study were to identify the adolescents with risk for developing PCOS and to find the effectiveness of awareness program. Method and materials: the study was conducted in selected pre-university colleges of Udupi District and 752 students were selected from six colleges. Risk Status of the students was assessed by administering the High Risk Assessment questionnaire and awareness program was given to the risk group students, and the post-test was taken on 8th day following intervention. Results: A total of 102 (13.6%) students were found to have moderate risk for developing PCOS.A significant increase in the knowledge scores on PCOS was observed after the awareness program (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study revealed that an awareness program could bring about a desirable change in knowledge among adolescent girls regarding PCOS and prevent future complications.
Key words: adolescent students, awareness programme, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), pre-university college, risk status.

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[2]. Kousta E, White DM. The prevalence of polycystic ovaries in women with infertility. HRJ of India 1999 April 90:2545-9.

[3]. Kumarapeli R, Seneviratne CN, Wijeyaratne RM.A Simple Screening Approach forAssessing Community Prevalence and Phenotype of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in a Semi-urban Population in Sri Lanka. American Journal of Epidemiology 2007 Oct 10: 1093-99.

[4]. Rao RS, Lena A, Nair NS, Kamath V, Kamath A. Effectiveness of reproductive health education among rural adolescent girls: a school based intervention study in Udupi Taluk, Karnataka. Indian J Med Sci. 2008 Nov 62 (11) 439-43.
[5]. Ganie MA. Marwaha R. Aggarwal R. Singh S. High prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) characteristics in girls with euthyroid chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis: a case control study. European journal of endocrinology 2010 March 162:1117.