iosr-JNHS   Volume-3 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An Explorative Study to Analyze the Factors Affecting Abuses among Elderly At Selected District of Kerala, India
Country	:	Saudi Arabia.
Authors	:	Bindu Bharathi MSN, BSN, RN, RM
	:	10.9790/1959-03340114

Abstract: Elder abuse is a global social issue which affects the health and human rights of millions of older persons around the world. Purpose of the study was to explore and analyze the factors affecting abuses among elderly. The objectives of the study were to assess the socio-demographic data, to explore the factors affecting abuse and analyze the frequency of exposure to abuse. Quantitative approach with exploratory survey design was the methodology used in this study. This study was done at Kerala, India. Simple Random Sampling technique was used to collect data from 100 elderly. Semi structured interview schedule was used to collect socio- demographic data and factors affecting abuses among elderly. Rating scale was used to collect the information on frequency of exposure to abuse. Informed written consent was obtained from the subjects. Nearly half (42%) of the samples were between the age group of 71-80 years. 65% of them were females. 94% of them were exposed to one or other forms of abuses. 48 % and 22% of them were the victims of psychological and physical abuses respectively. 21% of the abuses were done by the husbands. 6% of the samples were daily exposed to abuses. Around 10 % of the subjects were sufferers of neglect and maltreatment. There was a significant association between socio-demographic variables and factors affecting abuses(P<.001), so research hypothesis was accepted. Main recommendations of the study were to formulate "Abuse Cell" and "Multifaceted Team". Our aging population will require more care, love, affection and protection from their beloved ones. So we can "Add life to years and not just days to life"
Key Words: Explorative study, Analyze, Factors, Abuse, Elderly.

[1]. Protects seniors: Take a stand against elder abuse, Year of elder abuse prevention, Administration on Ageing, 2013, www.aoa.gov.YEAP.html.

[2]. Report of World Elder Abuse day- 2013, United Nations World Elder Abuse Awareness Day" (WEAAD).
[3]. Abuse of Elderly , world Report on Violence and Health, WHO 2013

[4]. Jeanette M. Daly , Mary L. Merchant Gerald J. Jogerst Elder Abuse Research: A Systematic Review Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect Volume 23, Issue4,2011 pages 348-365http://www.tandfonline.com

[5]. Report on Abuse, API Legal Outreach Elder Abuse Prevention & Technical Assistance, National Library of Medicine 20103, National Institutes of Health,

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Family Support as Predictor of Adhernce to Diet Regimen among People with Type II Diabetes in Lagos State
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Haastrup, E.A, Daki, L.O , Tijani, A.J
	:	10.9790/1959-03341521

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to find out if support of family members will help people with diabetes (in Lagos Metropolis) to adhere to diet regimen in managing diabetes. Three research questions were raised and three hypotheses were tested on presence of family, diabetes knowledge of family and family involvement. A total of 120 people with diabetes were surveyed using a self-developed structured and validated questionnaire from the three tiers of health facilities in Lagos metropolis. The reliability of the instrument was determined as 0.81 using a Test Re-test method of reliability. The findings of this study are that living with a family member, family members' knowledge and family involvement will affect people with diabetes adherence to diet regimen. The study recommended that scaling up diabetes programmes, encouraging families of people with diabetes to attend clinics and establishing a functional diabetes group should be advocated.

[1]. Akinkugbe O. O. (1997): National expert committee on non-communicable diseases (NCD) in Nigeria Final Report of a National Survey, Lagos; 64-90.
[2]. Albertis K. A, & Zimmet P. Z (1998). World Health Organization (WHO): Consultation Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications, Diabetes Medicine 15:539-553.
[3]. Ataru, T. Mitsuo F. Yataka S. et al (2003): Platelet count is independently associated with insulin resistance in non-obese Japanese Type 2 Diabetes.
[4]. Benhalima K. &Mathieu C. (2009), "Challenges in the Management of Hyperglycaemia in Type 2 Diabetes‟, International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas fourth edition Publication 2009; 2 – 7.
[5]. Charles, F. A. (1998): Endocrinology, In: Mayo Internal Medicine Board Review, Udaya B.S. P. Millhouse O.E. Learn Ms (eds), 3rd Edition Raven, Lippincott: 187-298.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Factors Associated With Medication Errors Among Health Workers In University College Hospital, Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Abosede Catherine Ojerinde RN, MSc (Nursing) , Prisca Olabisi Adejumo RN, PhD
	:	10.9790/1959-03342233

Abstract: A descriptive survey which purposefully selected respondents from the registered nurses and pharmacists working in the study center. A total number of 274 nurses and 59 pharmacists participated in the study (n=333). Reliability coefficient was 0.6; Chi square and T-Test were applied to test hypotheses at α = 0.05 level of significance. All the respondents (n=333) indicated that exhaustion due to work pressure was the commonest cause of errors while 181 (66%) of nurses and 9 (15.2%) of pharmacists were previously involved in medication errors (MEs). Pharmacists ranked wrong labeling of patients' name (23.7%) as the most common type of dispensing errors (Des) while overdose (30%) was the commonest among nurses. There was no significant difference between the attitudes of nurses and pharmacists to MEs (p=.044) but there was a significant difference between the rates of occurrence of MEs between nurses and pharmacists (p=.000). Respondents further suggested double checking of prescription (32.2%) and updating knowledge of pharmacology (16.9%) as strategies for reducing MEs. 138 words

Key words: Dispensing error, administration error, medication, nurses, and pharmacists

[1]. National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention Retrieved on 3rdFebruary, 2014 from http://www.nccmerp.org.
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[3]. Demehin, A.I., B & Babalola, O.O., & Erhun, W. O. Pharmacists and Nurses Perception of MedicationErrors in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital. International Journal of health Research , 2008. Retrieved March 25, 2012 from http://.www.ijhr.org
[4]. Esi Owusu, A.R., & While, A.. Medication errors: types, causes and impact on Nursing practice. British Journal of Nursing. 7(19), 2010, 380-5. Retrieved Nov.12, 2011 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pumed .
[5]. Institute of Medicine. 2007 Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. Washington DC, National Academy Press.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Risky Sexual Behaviour among Secondary School Adolescents in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Famutimi Esther Oluwatoyin RN, MSc (Nursing) , Oyetunde Modupe O. RN, PhD
	:	10.9790/1959-03343444

Abstract: Adolescence sexuality is a major concern globally because of its attendant unfavorable reproductive health indices. There has been so many misconceptions about discussing sexuality issues with the adolescent such that most adolescents have gotten information from wrong source and this in way has really jeopardized the health of the nation as most country are youthful population. The descriptive cross sectional study utilized 4I0=n validated questionnaire developed by the researcher after wealth of literature has been reviewed. The findings revealed that the vast majority of the respondents were involved in unprotected sexual intercourse, early sexual debut, oral sex and practice of masturbation. Also the influence of socio demographic characteristics on adolescents risky sexual behaviour revealed that tribe and primary care giver were significant with pvalue <0.02 and <0.01 respectively. The findings revealed that students between ages 10-14 years were 1.5 more likely to practice risky sexual behaviour than those between the ages of 15-19 years. Although, this was not significant. Male students were found to be more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviour than female students and this was not significant.

Key words: Adolescence, adolescents, risky sexual behaviours, sexuality, secondary school. Word counts: 190

[1]. Adegoke A.A.. Adolescent in Africa: Revealing the problems of teenagers in contemporary African Society. Ibadan: Hadassah publishing, 2003
[2]. Avert. A. 2010. Sex education that works. Downloaded from www.avert.org/sex- education.ht(2010)
[3]. WHO 2006 Sexual Health :Definition and Answer
[4]. Djamba,Y.K (2004) Determinants of risky sexual behavior. Sexual behaviour of adolescents in contemporary Sub-Saharon Africa. Htt:/www.Mellenpress.com/mellenpress,cfm.
[5]. Lansford J.E, Yu T, Erath S.A, Pettit G.S, Bates J.E, Dodge K.A 2010 .Developmental precursors to number of sexual partners from ages 16-22.Journal of Research on Adolescence. (20), 651-677(PMC freearticle) (Pub Med)

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Learning Approaches as Predictors of Academic Performance of Undergraduate Students in Ahmadu Bello Universiy, Zaria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Ladan, M.A., Balarabe, F, Sani, D.K., Musa, H.A., Salihu, A.A., Salihu, M.A
	:	10.9790/1959-03344550

Abstract: Background: The research was conducted to investigate learning approaches as predictors of academic performance of undergraduate students in Ahmad Bello University, Zaria. The aim was to assess the learning approach of undergraduate students in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The objectives are to determine the predominant learning approach, identify factors that influence the students learning approach and explore the relationship between approaches to studying and academic achievement of undergraduate students of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Materials and methods: A non-experimental descriptive survey method was employed and analysis was done using SPSS version 21. The sample technique was probability (simple random) type of sample technique base on faculty. The sample size was calculated to 395 using Yamane formula. 395 questionnaires were administered out of which 375 were retrieved. Results: The study shows that 81.1% of the students were aware of learning approach and the predominant learning approach mostly used by Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria undergraduate students is surface approach (M=14.88,SD=2.64). The study identified personal factors, family factors, school factors and peer factors and social factor as factors that influence the students learning approach. It also shows that there is a significant relationship between learning approach and academic achievement (R=0.205,p=0.005).

Key words: Academic Performance, Undergraduate, Learning approach

[1]. Abdulrasheed A. (2012) Exploring Real Estate Students' Learning Approaches, Reflective Thinking and Academic Performance, 48thasc Annual International Conference Proceedings.
[2]. Battle J & Lewis M (2002). The increasing significance of class: The relative effects of race and socioeconomic status on academic achievement. Journal of Poverty, 6(2), 21-35.
[3]. Case, J. and Gunstone, R. (2002) Metacognitive Development as a Shift in Approach toLearning: an in-depth study. Studies in Higher Education, 27(4), 459-470.
[4]. Crosnoe, R, Johnson M. K, & Elder G. H (2004): School size and the interpersonal side of education: An examination of race/ethnicity and organizational context. Social Science Quarterly, 85(5), 1259-1274.
[5]. Entwistle N. & Mc Cune, V (2004). The conceptual basis of study strategy inventories. Educational Psychology Review, 16(4), 325-345.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Is Self neglect associated with the Emotional and financial abuse in community-dueling?
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Homa Mardan, Prof Dr Gisa Jaehnichen, Prof Dr Tengku Aizan Hamid
	:	10.9790/1959-03345156

Abstract: With an increasing aged population, health issues in elderly, especially in women, are raised. This study discusses findings about the association between emotional and financial abuse and elder self-neglect (ESN) as a hidden concern in a population of community-dwelling elder adults. The study is based on a prior cross-sectional survey on elderly abuse in Malaysia under sponsorship of the Ministry of Science. Participants of the project study were older individuals (N= 480) reported to the Gerontology Department for suspected maltreatment that was conducted from January to May 2008 with the face to face interview method using enumerator-administered questionnaires. The primary outcome of the project on emotional and financial abuse supported by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), that assessed using emotional (5 items) and financial abuse (4 items), and self neglect (7 items) test. Correlation regression was utilized to assess this association. After consideration of confounding, higher emotional and financial abuse, respectively were associated with self neglect in elder persons (coefficient = 95 %, p = .001). Other Socio-demographic risk factors were also high correlated with ESN behavior. Elderly abuse and self-neglect is a common issue across all countries and as the significant threat to the health of elderly. However, a correlation between different kinds of abuses shows that emotional and financial abuses are more likely to experience self neglect in later life. Other Socio-demographic risk factors have to be discussed.

Key words: Emotional abuse; financial abuse; self neglect; cross-sectional study; health elderly

[1]. Abdel Rahman, T.T. and M.M. El Gaafary, 2012, Elder mistreatment in a rural area in Egypt,Geriatric, Gerontology. Int., 12: 532-537.
[2]. Acierno, R., M.A. Hernandez, A.B. Amstadter, H.S. Resnick, K. Steve, W. Muzzy and D.G. Kilpatrick,. 2010. Prevalence and correlates of emotional, physical, sexual, neglectful, and financial abuse. Am J Public Health. Feb; 100 (2):292-7. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.163089. Epub 2009 Dec 17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019303
[3]. Alexa, I.D., A.C. Ilie, A. Morosanu, P. Emmanouil-Stamos and I. Raiha, 2012,. Self neglect in elders: A worldwide issue ignored in Romania.Rom. J. Bioethics, 10: 141-148.
[4]. Santos, A.J., J. Ferreira-Alves and B. Penhale, 2011,. Prevalence of older adults' abuse and neglect in Portugal: An overview. Qual. Ageing Older Adults, 12: 162-173.
[5]. Band-Winterstein, T., I. Doron and S. Naim,. 2012. Elder self neglect: A geriatric syndrome or a life course story? J. Aging Stud., 26: 109-118.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Assessment of Fasting Blood Plasma Glucose Level in Menopausal Women in Rural Area of Vom and Environs
Country	:
Authors	:	Duru BN., Omonayin OJ., Gadzama HM., Olawuyi NO., Diddam MA., Nambol DL., Ujah AE., Ashi RR., Okoye NO., Tyem DD., Udom IE3., Salako CY., Adeyanju ON., Gushe DD4., Abilu CJ., Danjuma LA
	:	10.9790/1959-03345760

Abstract:100 menopausal women and 51 non menopausal women in Vom and its environs were investigated for their fasting blood plasma glucose levels. Blood glucose level was determined by glucose oxidase method (Randox Glucose Reagent Kits) to ascertain if menopause augments fasting blood glucose. The mean blood glucose level of menopausal women was found to be 4.43±0.15mmol/L while that of the non-menopausal women (control) was found to be 4.09±0.10mmol/L respectively. When comparism was made using one way ANOVA, the fastingblood plasma glucose levels of both menopausal women and non menopausal women were not significant (P>0.05), even though mean Fasting blood plasma glucose level of the menopausal women was slightly higher . However Comparism by age group made using the Post Hoc test shows that age group of 60years and above, shows a clinical significant difference (P < 0.05). This led to the conclusion that blood glucose level certainly increases in women around and after age of 60 and fasting plasma glucose level predict future risk of diabetes and other associated diseases in menopausal women.
Keywords: Menopause, Fasting blood plasma glucose, Diabetes, Future risk,

[1]. Zaborowska, E., Bryhildsen J., Damberg S et al., Effects of acupuncture, appliedRelaxation, estrogens, and placebo on hot flashes in postmenopausal women: an Analysis of the propective, parallel, randomized studies. Climacteric, 10(), (2007), 38-45.
[2]. Uebelhack R, Blohmer JU, Graubaum HJ, et al., Black cohosh and St. John's wort for climacteric complaints: a randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol. 107, 2006, 247-255.
[3]. Robien K, Cutler G.J, Lazovich, Sept, vitamin D intake and breast cancer risk in Postmenopausal women. The Iowa women's health study. Cancer causes controls, 18 (7). 2007, 775-782.
[4]. Sembulingam, K., Sembulingam P, Essentials of medical physiology (Fourth Edition) (New Delhi ;Jaypee brothers' Medical publishers LTD, 2006), Pg. 260-261, 454-455.
[5]. Carl A Burtis, Edward R. Ashwood, David E. Bruns (Sixth Edtion) Tietz fundamental of clinical Chemistry. (published by Elsevier, 2008). Pg 373-377, 792.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A descriptive study to assess the burden among family care givers of mentally ill clients
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sachin S, Suresh V, Ravindra H.N
	:	10.9790/1959-03346167

Abstract: Recently, there have been increasing numbers of caregivers who provide care to their chronically ill family members. Care can represent a heavy burden and may put caregivers, who are mostly male under a high level of stress. Culturally, such caregivers are expected to cope and not to complain. The family constitutes an important support system in the care of the mentally ill in the community. Mental health professionals need to be aware of and address the stress borne by the family in caring for patients with mental illness as they treat the patient. The mental health nurse plays very important role in promotion of health, curative and preventive aspects. The study was under taken to" assess the burden among family care givers of mentally ill clients in Dhiraj hospital at vadodara in view to develop an information booklet." Descriptive research design was adopted in this study to assess the level of burden among family care givers of mentally ill clients. Non probability convenient sampling technique was used to select 60 family care givers admitted at Dhiraj hospital, vadodara. The result reveals Overall burden scores of family caregivers revealed that that nearly 27 (45%) of subject were belong to mild burden. Minority of caregivers 8(13.3%) belongs to moderate burden. Remaining caretakers 9(15%) belong to severe burden and 16(26.7%) belongs to no burden. Chi-square test revealed that there is significant association between the level of burden and selected socio demographic variables.

Keywords: burden, caregivers, family, mentally ill client, modified care givers burden assessment scale.

[1]. K Park, Parks textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, seventh edition, M/s Banarsidas Bhanot publishers, page no: 12.
[2]. Mary C Townsend, Essentials of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, third edition, Independent publisher, page no: 4-5.
[3]. http://www.mentalillnessdefinition.com/mental-illness-definition.
[4]. Wahida Anjum, Haroon Rashid Chaudhry, Muhammad Irfan, burden of care in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and epilepsy, journal of Pakistan psychiatric society, July-December 2010 volume 7 , pages 1-6.
[5]. Swaroop Nl, Shilpa Ravi, B. Ramakrishna Goud, Maria Archana, Tony M Pius, Anjali Pal, Vimal John, Twinkle Agrawal, Geetha Jayaram, burden among caregivers of mentally- ill patients: a rural community - based study, International journal of research and development of health, April 2013 vol 1(2), pages29-34.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Client Satisfaction of the Reformed Health Services at Rural Health Units/ Centers.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. / Amal A. K. Hussein, Dr. /Nermin M. Eid
	:	10.9790/1959-03346874

Abstract: Background: Client satisfaction may be considered to be one of the desired outcomes of care, even an element in health status itself. It is futile to argue about the validity of patient satisfaction as a measure of quality. Aim: This study amid to identify the effect of quality management system on client satisfaction of the health services at Rural Health Unit/ Center. Design: Ex post facto research design was used in this study. Setting: The study was conducted in two health care units and two health care centers affiliated to Ashmoon and Shebin Elkom which were randomly selected. Sample: A simple random sample of 400 clients from the selected settings was included in this study. Tools: Interviewing questionnaire sheet was used to measure client satisfaction about the health services at the Rural Health Units and Health Centers and observational checklist using the accreditation tool: It was developed by Ministry of Health & Population and used by the researcher to measures the quality of the health services in the pre mentioned units and health centers. Findings: The majority of the studied clients were females. Regarding satisfaction from privacy during consultation, all the studied clients in Ashmoon were satisfied compared to 54% in Kafer Tanbedy unit. In addition, 34% and 16% of the studied sample reported no physical examination in Kafr Tanbedy health unit and Shanshour unit respectively. The majority of the clients in the unit and health centers were satisfied from the quality of services at the lab and the pharmacy. The majority of the studied sample suggested availability of a specialist and female gynecologist, also, availability of medication; sonar and operating room were suggested. Conclusion: quality management system has had positive implications regarding client satisfaction in most studied areas.

Keywords: Client satisfaction, health sector reform, quality management system

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