iosr-JNHS   Volume-3 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2014

Abstract: This study was designed to determine the nutritional status and growth of preschool children in Anambra State using vertical anthropometric measurements. Four objectives and one hypothesis were formulated in order to determine the mean measurements of weight, height, left mid upper arm circumference and head circumference of preschool children aged 3 – 5 years plus in the urban and rural communities of Anambra State. A cross sectional survey research design was used for the study to collect sampled data of 1280 preschool children in Anambra state. These data were organized and tested with inferential statistics of t-Test. The weights and heights were compared with the WHO/NCHS standards using graphs. The results showed that children aged 3-5 years plus in the urban areas indicated higher weight and height than those in the rural areas. These preschool children aged 3 - 5 years plus in both urban and rural locations had weights and heights that are higher than that of WHO/NCHS standards for their age.Based on the findings of the study, the researchers recommended that prevention of malnutrition should be given high priority in the implementation of the ongoing Primary Health Care programmes with particular attention paid to the rural population

[1]. Amuta, A. C., & Houmsou, M. M. (2006). Assessment of the nutritional status of school children aged 6-17 years in Makurdi Benue State. Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 6 (6), 83-92.
[2]. Burren, C.P. (2009). Normal and Abnormal Growth. United Bristol care NHS Trust. London: Cambridge University Press.
[3]. Cole, A. H., Timori, O.F., Odumbako, S.O., & Aminu, K. S. (2002) Nutrient intakes, Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and body congestion of Nigerian female adolescents. Nigerian Journal of Nutrition Science, 36, 97-104.
[4]. Garza C. & de Onis M., For the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference study Group (2004). Rationale for developing a new international growth reference. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 25 (Suppl.), S 10 - S14.
[5]. Habicht, J. P., Martorell, H. A., & Melina; V. W. (2002). Standardization procedure for the collections of weight and height data in the field. Pan American official Bulletin of Health. 76, 375-384.

Abstract: Healthcare informatics is a relatively new field to academia. As with all new innovations, there may be some time before the Healthcare Informatics discipline has a firm foothold on a definition. Although healthcare informatics has spurred many unique degree names, all agree the field is multi-disciplinary in nature. In a new school or program, there may not be any standardized curricula or set course syllabi, which leaves considerable room for creativity and flexibility (HD Covvey, 2001). Oregon Health & Science University has developed a program that includes to the full spectrum of courses, allowing education to be tailored to career goals and needs (Hersh, 2007). Although the field of health informatics encompasses many established disciplines, the field itself is still in a formative state that allows for teaching and curriculum development in a way that may not be possible in more established educational programs. It is difficult to talk of informatics education since the groups that need education in this field are not very homogeneous (Arie Hasman, 2000).

[1]. AMIA. (2014, 01 08). About AMIA. Retrieved from About AMIA: http://www.amia.org/
[2]. Anonymous. (2014, 01 10). College Size: Small, Medium or Large? Retrieved from College 411: http://www.collegedata.com/cs/content/content_choosearticle_tmpl.jhtml?articleId=10006
[3]. Arie Hasman, R. H. (2000). Thoughts about Curricula in Health Informatics. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 72:27-33.
[4]. Berg, B. (2001). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
[5]. CAHIIM. (2014, 01 08). Health Informatics Graduate Education Programs. Retrieved from Health Informatics Graduate Education Programs: http://www.cahiim.org/applyaccred_HI_grad.html
[6]. Dalrymple, P. (Jun/Jul 2013). Health Informatics: Introduction. Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (Online), 18-19.

Abstract: Background: A child is the greatest treasure of mankind. His health, wellbeing, safety and future are in the hands of his parents from birth until he is on his own. The first year of life is crucial laying the foundation of good health. At this time certain specific care and precautions are essential to ensure the survival of healthy development of the child to a future adult. Methods: One group pretest and posttest experimental design was adopted for this study. The sample for this study consisted of 40 mothers of infants selected by non probability Purposive sampling technique. A structured interview schedule was used to assess the knowledge and knowledge on practice among mothers regarding prevention of common infections among infants. Results: The sample comprised of 40 mothers of infants in this study. Inferential statistics and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. To obtained't' value for knowledge was 15.95 at (p < 0.05) and for practice was at 11.46 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that the knowledge of the mothers was significantly improved after planned teaching programme. Knowledge on practice of mothers also improved significantly as well.
Key words: Common Infections, Infants, knowledge, practice, Planned Teaching program

[1]. Meharban Singh (1999), Care of the children (5th Edition). New Delhi: Sagar Publishers.
[2]. Kashurisundarao (1995), An introduction to community Health Nursing,(1st Edition.). Chennai: B.I. Publication.
[3]. Donna L Wong (2005) Nursing care of Infants and Children (6th Edition), Missouri: Mosby publications.
[4]. Park. K (2002), Text Book Of Preventive And Social Medicine, Jabalpure: M/S Banarsidas Bharat Publishers Badruddin. S.H.et.al (1997)
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Abstract: Introduction: Menopause is a unique stage of female reproductive life cycle, a transition from reproductive to non-reproductive stage. It is characterized by cessation of menstruation and women may view menopause as a transition from middle age to old age. Some women may look upon this with pleasant anticipation while others have fear during this period because of the anticipated losses. Objective: The study aimed at assessing the existing knowledge regarding Menopausal symptoms and its management among women, determining the effectiveness of structure teaching programme on Menopausal symptoms and its management among women and finding the association between post-test knowledge scores and selected demographic variable like age, education, occupation.and family type. Method: A one group pre-test post-test pre-experimental approach was adopted. The study was conducted among 60 menopausal women conveniently selected from two villages of Vadodara. The content validity of the tool and teaching plan was established. Reliability of the tool was tested by split half technique. Result: It was found that the effectiveness of structured teaching programme in terms of increase in knowledge score among menopausal women was46.13 %. Conclusion: There is a significant increase in the knowledge of women regarding menopausal symptoms and its management. The structured teachingprogramme was found to be an effective strategy to increase the knowledge of women regarding menopausal symptoms and its management.
Keywords: Knowledge, STP, Menopause, Menopausal symptoms and its management, Menopausal women

[1]. Dewhurst. Text book of obstetrics and gynecology for post graduates. 6th ed. Blackwel Science; 1999. p. 441-461.
[2]. Jish K. The menopausal symptom experience in young midwife women with breast cancer. Cancer Nursing 2009; 24(3): 2-1-11.
[3]. Shaws. Text book of gynecology. 11thed. New Delhi: BI Churchill Livingstone;1998. p. 53-58.
[4]. Studd JW, Barbar R. Text book of clinical obstetrics and gynecology. 1st ed.London: Churchill Livingstone; 2007. p. 340-348.
[5]. Meir,Stinier. Psychological aspects of post menopausal syndrome. British MedicalJournal 1999; 5:173-7.
[6]. Jiny James; a study to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding menopausal problems and its remedial measures among middle aged women in selected rural areas, Bangalore.http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/8045

Abstract: Background: Stroke is the second most common cause of death and major cause of long term disability worldwide. Several factors affect the functional independence in post stroke period in which trunk control and balance play a significant role. Despite evidence demonstrating the importance of trunk performance and balance after stroke, studies evaluating therapy aimed at improving trunk control, balance and gait are limited. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of trunk rehabilitation and balance training on trunk control, balance and gait in post stroke patients Materials and methods: 30 patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected from the OPD of University College of Physiotherapy, Faridkot. Patients were equally divided into two groups based on randomization Group A (n=15) and Group B (n=15). Patients in Group A (Experimental Group) received trunk rehabilitation, balance training and conventional physiotherapy. Patients in Group B (Control Group) received conventional physiotherapy only. Duration of treatment was 5 weeks with treatment session for 4 days a week. Outcome Measures: were Trunk Impairment Scale, Berg Balance Scale and 10 meters distance walk test. Results: Both the groups showed improvements in trunk control, balance and gait of post stroke hemiplegic patients (p<0.05). Between groups analysis showed that experimental group demonstrated more significant improvements in Trunk Impairment Scale, Berg Balance Scale scoring and the gait parameters i.e. gait speed and cadence post intervention. Conclusion: Thus the study concluded that trunk rehabilitation exercises and balance training are effective in improving trunk control, balance and gait in post stroke hemiplegic patients.
Keywords: Stroke, Trunk control, Balance, Gait

[1]. World Health Organization. Task Force on Stroke and other Cerebrovascular Disorders: Recommendations on stroke prevention, diagnosis and therapy. Stroke.1989; 20(10): 1407-1431.
[2]. Vats M 2013, 'Efficacy of task specific step-up exercises on the gait Parameters of chronic hemiparetic stroke individuals' International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research, Vol. 1,pp.30-37.
[3]. Sethi PK 2002, 'Incidence in India and management of ischaemic stroke', Neurosciences today, vol. 4, pp. 139-143.
[4]. O' Sullivan SB &Schimtz 200, Physical Rehabilitation assessment and treatment, 4thedn.,F.A.Davis, Philadelphia,pp. 519- 581.
[5]. Karthikbabu S, Rao BK, Manikandan N, Solomom JM &Chakrapani M 2011, 'Role Of Trunk Rehabilitation On Trunk Control, Balance And Gait In Patients With Chronic Stroke, A Pre Post Design', Neurosci Med, vol. 2, pp.61-67.

Abstract: Background: This study aims to evaluate the aspects of smoking cessation in Mauritian users of methadone. A large number of researchers have suggested examining smoking in this population, as high rate of tobacco use has been reported in this population. With regards to the interventions for smoking cessation, very few are formulated to be used in the treatment of methadone.
Method: At the stages of Transtheortical model, methadone users are surveyed in a cross sectional study using the Global Adult Tobacco Survey instrument. Data was collected from two groups and compared. One group was treated with the standards protocol of therapy while other with interventions sessions of motivational enhancement therapy. Both inferential and descriptive statistics encompassing non-parametric tests were used to analyze the collected data. Results: At the baseline for survey, the results demonstrated mean of 9.7 with a standard deviation of 5.8 self reported cigarettes per day. Out of which 56% were in state of precontemplation. Literacy levels were generally low in the whole community. At post intervention, patients reported decreasing their smoking by an average of 2%. Till the session of follow-up, 41% participants of the final sample self-reported a 50% decline in smoking while 26% reported no change. Generally, no major differences were observed between the groups concerning education, methadone intake doses, employment, marital status or age. Conclusion: Motivational enhancement therapy that serves as a catalyst for stage movement as well as a barrier for stage regression.
Keywords: Motivational Enhancement Therapy, Methadone Users, Smoking Cessation, Transtheoretical Model Stages of Change

[1]. Acock, A. C., (2012), A Gentle Introduction to Stata, Revised Third Edition Book [Paperback] Alan C. Acock (Author), STATA Corp USA, Retrieved from http://www.stata.com/bookstore/gentle-introduction-to-stata/
[2]. Anil, M., (2012), Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Coefficient for Standard of Customer Services in Maharashtra State Cooperative Bank, Source: IUP Journal of Bank Management 3, p.89-95, Retrieved from http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/79827821/cronbachs-alpha-reliability-coefficient-standard-customer-services-maharashtra-state-cooperative-bank
[3]. Babb, E. R., (2013), The Practice of Social Research. Book Thirteen Eds, Chapman University US, [4]. Baker, M. K., Simpson, K., Lloyd, B., Bauman, A. E., & Singh, M. A. F. (2011), Behavioral strategies in diabetes prevention programs: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, diabetes research and clinical practice, 91(1), 1-12,
[5]. Barnett, E., Sussman, S., Smith, C., Rohrbach, L. A., & Spruijt-Metz, D., (2012), Motivational Interviewing for adolescent substance use: a review of the literature. Addictive behaviors, 37(12), 1325-1334.

Abstract: Background: Within nursing, there are leaders at many levels, such as those in direct leadership roles at a unit level and those in higher leadership roles at a service level. This can often lead to conflict and control-seeking, especially when final decisions need to be made. The study aims to enhance nursing managers' transformational leadership, conflict management styles and decision making effectiveness through an educational program. Quasi experimental design was used. The study was conducted at Medical Center at Tanta city. The sample consists of all available nursing managers (20) pull from different Ministry of Health Hospitals in El-Gharbia. The data was collected by using(1) Knowledge questionnaire test, (2) Transformational leadership scale,(3) Conflict management styles scale and, (4) Decision making effectiveness scale. Results: levels of nursing managers' total knowledge and all items of transformational leadership, conflict management, and decision making were significant improved post than pre program at P<0.05. The was significant positive correlation at p ≤ 0.05 between nursing managers' total level of knowledge and conflict management strategies, decision making effectiveness as well as four dimensions of transformational leadership. Conclusion: Overall the evidence evaluating the effectiveness of nursing managers training program for enhancing their transformational leadership, conflict management styles and, decision making effectiveness indicates that their knowledge and skills was generally poor pre program. After implementation of the program, their knowledge scores significantly improved and their skills positively changed. It was recommended that early training, especially during undergraduate studies, is absolutely essential for an integrated knowledge of all aspects of leadership, decision making process and a constructive conflict resolution process.
Key word: Nursing Managers, Transformational Leadership, Conflict management style, Decision making effectiveness

[1]. Roussel L & Swansburg R, 2009. Management and leadership for nurses administrators, 5th edition, Jones and Bartlett, USA.
[2]. Robbins, S. P. and Coulter, M. (2007) Management (9th ed.). London: Prentice- Hall
[3]. Warrilow. S (2012) Transformational Leadership Theory - The 4 Key Components in Leading Change & Managing Change. [Retrieved 15/03/2013]. http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Stephen_Warrilow
[4]. Surakka T (2008) The nurse manager's work in the hospital environment during the 1990s and 2000s: responsibility, accountability and expertise in nursing leadership. J Nurs Manag 16(5):525–34
[5]. Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1999). Training full range leadership. Redwood City, CA: Mindgarden.

Abstract: Thoracic surgery is a dramatic event with great source of stress to the patient and the family; which can produce many special problems related to physical, emotional disabilities and rehabilitation of the patient. A study aim is to determine the effect of standardized nursing interventions on the recovery outcomes of patients undergoing thoracic surgeries. Quasi experimental study was used Setting: The study was conducted at the cardiothoracic surgery unit and cardiothoracic surgery outpatient clinic, Main University Hospital at Alexandria, Egypt. The sample comprised of 40 adult patients planned for thoracic surgeries divided equally into study and control groups, 20 patients each. Method: Two tools were developed by the researchers; The Preoperative Learning Needs Assessment and Thoracic Surgery Patients Assessment Sheet. Results: The results revealed that, the majority of the study and control patients had poor knowledge about modifiable life changes. In addition, there were highly significant improvements of the study group patients in relation to following the therapeutic regimen immediately after applying the standardized nursing interventions and after two weeks of hospital discharge. In conclusion, applying standardized planned nursing interventions to thoracic surgeries patients' pre and postoperatively was effective in improving thoracic surgeries patients' outcome physical parameters which in turn improve their quality of life.

Keywords: Nursing Interventions, recovery outcomes, thoracic surgeries

[1]. El Shenawei H. Effect of specific nursing intervention on recovery outcomes of patients undergoing coronary artery by-pass graft surgery. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University; 2008.
[2]. Burden N. Thoracic Surgeries Nursing. Philadelphia: W.B Saunders Company, 2010; 217.
[3]. American Thoracic Association. Advanced practice nursing: A new age in health care, nursing facts. Washington: American Nurses Publishing, 2013.
[4]. Bakul K. Thoracic surgeries. London: Churchill Livingstone Publishing Company. 2011; 97 - 220.
[5]. The Main University Hospital medical statistical records. Alexandria, Egypt, 2012.

Abstract: Background: HIV/AIDS has emerged as a major health problem and challenges to health services. It has grown to a size of pandemic affecting over 17 million persons all over the world. In parts of north east India, widespread injecting drug use helped to spread HIV infection, whilst a different pattern was seen in southern and western states with prevalence levels of 25-71% amongst sex workers in cities including New Delhi, Hyderabad, Vellore and Mumbai. Objective: To Assess of the knowledge and attitude of nursing personnel on prevention and control of perinatal transmission of HIV/AIDS. To find out the relationship between:- knowledge and attitude of nursing personnel Design: Co relational research study research Setting: Selected Government hospitals in Himachal Pradesh. Participants/ Patients: The study was conducted in the two selected Government hospitals of Himachal Pradesh from 2009 –2010. Purposive sampling technique was used for the selection of sample subjects. Total sample 100 nursing personnel were enrolled in the study. Material and Methods: A structured knowledge questionnaire was prepared to assess the knowledge of nursing personnel. An extensive review of research literature related to perinatal transmission of HIV/AIDS. Peer group discussion was held. Opinion of experts were sought to ascertain the clarity and appropriateness of the items. A blue print was prepared for specifying the various domains of objectives and content area. Blue print indicates the relative weight-age given in terms of percentage of items for each content area. Structured questionnaire was prepared to determine the attitude of nursing personnel regarding perinatal infection of HIV/ AIDS. Attitude items concerning attitudes related to HIV/AIDS. Sixteen declarative statements were developed.

Key words: HIV/AIDS, Perinatal transmission, Knowledge, Attitude, Nursing personnel

[1]. Abdellah, F.G. and Eugene, L. "Better patient care thorough nursing research" 2nd edition, New York: Macmillan, 1979.
[2]. Adler M.W. "ABC of AIDS", 5th edition. BMJ Books, London, 2001.
[3]. Andreasson et al. "Prevelence of HIV virus in antenatal mother" Year 1993.
[4]. Association of British Insurers, "ABI statement of practice:
[5]. underwriting life insurance for HIV/AIDS". ABI, London, 1994.
[6]. B.T. Basavanthappa, Nursing Research, 1st edition, New Delhi, Jaypee Brothers, year 2007.

Abstract: The aim of radiation therapy is to maximise the dose to the tumour, while minimising the dose to healthy tissue. Monte Carlo (MC) methods are now widely used to model radiotherapy systems for accurate treatment planning and evaluate the accuracy of the dose distributions in a variety of clinical situations involving highly heterogeneous media, such as lung or head and neck treatments. This study aimed to simulate the photon propagation in tissue using MC technique.The MC simulation was written in Fortran 77 program. Moreover, emigration of photons in tissue was determined using MCNP-4C code. The tally F5: P, 9 MeV photons beam as a source and point detector was utilized to calculate the flux of photon at various depths of tissue. Neptun 10 PC linear accelerator of Imam Reza Hospital with 9 MeV photon beam energy was used to determine experimental results.The result of MC methodwas evaluated withthose of MCNP-4C code and experimental result performed by clinical treatment planning system. The result of MC method shows a good consistent with those of MCNP-4C code and experimental result. The results of this research provide a method to characterize the primary radiation energy spectrum produced by a linear accelerator.

Keywords: Monte Carlo simulation, photon propagation, tissue, MCNP code, Linear accelerator of Imam Reza hospital

[1]. Zhu, C., & Liu, Q. 2013. Review of Monte Carlo modeling of light transport in tissues. Journal of Biomedical Optics. 18(5), 050902, 1-12.

[2]. Crowe, S. B. 2011. The development of Monte Carlo techniques for the verification of radiotherapy treatments. Ph.D. thesis. Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
[3]. Katukuri, V. M., 2005. Photon transport in turbid media: simulation and experimental study. Sri SatyaSaiUniversity, India. [4]. Moreno, M. Z. 2005. Monte Carlo simulations for dosimetric verification in photon and electron beam radiotherapy. Ph.D. thesis. Universidade Nova De Lisboa, Portugal.
[5]. Sempau, J., Reyes, A. S., Salvat, F., Tahar, H. O., Jiang, S. B., &Varea, J. M. F. 2001. Monte Carlo simulation of electron beams from an accelerator head using PENELOPE. Journal of Physics in Medicine and Biology. 46, 1163-1186.

Abstract: The lifestyle of the Adolescents is a major issue in the today's society and it differs though nature & experience of individual, so here is the study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of planned school health awareness programme on the knowledge and practice of adolescents about healthy lifestyle in selected school of Dehradun. A quantitative research with quasi-experimental approach & one group pre-test post-test design was adopted. Convenient sampling technique was used. Fifty subjects were included in the study. The analysis of pre-test and post-test knowledge and practice score using paired t-test revealed that there was significant improvement. The mean of the post-test knowledge and practice score (11.72 ± 3.26) and (27.38 ± 3.48) was found to be higher than the mean of the pre-test knowledge and practice score (7.06 ± 2.17) and (23.7 ± 3.95). There was association between found in pre-test and post-test knowledge and practice score. The study concluded that the planned school health awareness programme resulted in significant improvement of knowledge and practice about healthy lifestyle among adolescents which was very helpful healthy individuals and their family, thus society in future.

Keywords: Adolescents, Healthy Lifestyle, Knowledge and Practice

[1]. Marlow Dorothy R, Redding Barbara A. text book of pediatric nursing: stages of human development. 6th edition. India: Elsevier private limited; 2010.174.
[2]. Strengthening the health sector response to adolescent health and development [online].2009[ cited 2012 Dec 25]; Available from: URL: http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/cah_adh_flyer_2010_12_en.pdf
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