iosr-JRME   Volume-4 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Evaluation of Professional Accountancy Education and Training in Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Dr. Augustine Oke Okolie, Prof. Famous O. I. Izedonmi
	:	10.9790/7388-04110108

Abstract: This paper critically appraises the adequacy of the level and substance of the education and training that are required to prepare and equip the professional accountants to deal with the changing demands of the dynamic business environment in Nigeria. The methodology involved the use of library research and a review of available documentary evidences on the subject matter. The paper points out the previous constraints to professional accountancy training and development; the need for continuous professional education and training of professional accountants; the International Educational Standards for Professional Accountants; and the panacea for professional accountancy education and training in Nigeria. The strong point of recommendation is that professional bodies in Nigeria should pool resources together to establish a centre for accounting education and development that is charged with the responsibility to review and assess the current strengths and resource challenges of the various individual professional bodies and to jointly observe an intensive program of action that will minimize the challenges.

Keywords: Accountancy, Education, Profession, Standards, Training.

[1] Ojaide, F. (1991). Accountancy Education in the Next 10 Years; The Nigerian Accountant; Vol. XXIV, No. 3. Pp.10 – 13.

[2] Ghartey, J. B. (1993). Continuing Training Actions for Accountancy in Africa; The Nigerian Accountant; Vol.XXVI, No. 2, April/June, 1993. Pp. 38 – 41.

[3] Anao, A.R. (1981) "The Training of Accountants for the Multi-Facets of Development", Paper Presented at the 1981 Conference of the Nigerian Accounting Teachers Association, Zaria.

[4] Okolie, A. O. (2013). Audit Quality, Earnings Management and Earnings Response Coefficients of Quoted Companies in Nigeria; Unpublished Ph. D Thesis, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria

[5] Badawi, I. M. (2008). Motives and consequences of fraudulent financial reporting. paper presented at the 17th annual convention of the global awareness society international, May, 2008, San Fracisco, USA.

[6] Okolie, A. O. and Agboma, D. J. (2008). The impact of environmental dynamics on the accounting profession in Nigeria. Journal of Business Administration and Management., 3 (1), 70 – 75.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Curricularneed evaluation for studentspursuing Masters in Hospital &Healthcare Management at an Indian University
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ms. Meenal Kulkarni, Dr. V. W. Tilak, Dr. Rajiv Yeravdekar, Dr. Vijay Deshpande
	:	0.9790/7388-04110913

Abstract: The focus of the study is tounderstand the students' perceptionabout the academic and professional factors associated with an existing post graduate degree programme in hospital & healthcare management of an Indian University.157students pursuing first year of post-graduation at an Indian university participated in the study. The methodology had a questionnaire along with personal interview by the worker. The content of the questionnaire & interview were based on assessing the students on their requirement in terms of education being imparted andtheir opinion in terms of skill set that needs to be developed,for them to take on the future role of a healthcare manager/s.The results show the important factors that lead the candidate to select this course. The most favored factors associated with the programme emerged as subjects taught (91.7%), provision of pre-induction material (75.15%), assessment parameters to judge performance (85.90 %). The study also revealed the major area in which students felt that improvement is required so as to increase their employability that includes understanding of service mix (82.10 %), problem solving & decision making skills (77.7%), and also handling work pressure (53.5%) these factors emerged as key professional aspects related to healthcare service sector.

Keywords: Curriculum, healthcare, hospital, management,post-graduation.

[1]. Y. Baruch, and A. Leeming,Programming the MBA Programme: The quest for curriculum,Journal of Management Development, 15(7), 1996,27 – 37.
[2]. R.E.Boyatzis, The competent Manager- A model for effective performance,(John Wiley & Sons, NY: 1982)
[3]. C. Woodruffe, Competent by any other name, Personnel management, 1991, 38-43.
[4]. F. JulioandC. Lincoln., et al., Health professionals for a new century: transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world. The Lancet,376(9756),2010, 1923-1958.
[5]. A. Agarwal, S. GargandU. Pareek, Strengthening Human Resource Practices in Healthcare in India: The Road Ahead. Journal, Indian academy of Clinical Medicine,12(1),2011, 38-43.
[6]. E.H .Bradley andE. Cherlin.,et al., Adopting a Competency-Based Model: Mapping Curricula and Assessing Student Progress,Journal of Health Administration Education,25(1)2008, 37-51.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Improvisation as Atool for Improving the Teachers Knowledge In Basic Technology
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Dr. ADU F. O; Adu E. I.
	:	10.9790/7388-04111418

Abstract: This study described improvisation as a tool for improving teachers' knowledge in basic technology and the relevance of improvisation in classroom teaching and learning activities by using relevant literatures in highlighting the meaning, strategy, use, application, and goal of improvisation as an instructional tool. Using content analysis methods the application of improvisational strategies in teaching basic technology to allow for self-expression, development of higher order thinking skills and possession of more comprehensive and intimate relationship with subject matter was emphasised. Shulman's improvisational framework which advocated for the need for teachers' to master two types of knowledge namely content and curricular knowledge was explained and relevant recommendation was that the Government the teachers', learners and Government should display right attitude to improvisation in the classroom.

Keywords: Improvisation, Tool, Teachers, Knowledge, and Basic Technology.

[1]. Ajewole, K. (1998). Improvisation of educational media. Lagos: Retrieved from, http://edutech212.wordpress.com/2013/06/25/improvisation-of-educational- media 29/6/13.
[2]. Atkins, G. (1993). Improve: A handbook for the actor. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann Drama.
[3]. Azzara, C.D. (2002). Improvisation in Colwel, Richard (ed), The New Handbook of Research on Music Teaching and Learning: A Project of the Music Educators National Conference, Oxford :University Press.
[4]. Berk, R.A & Trieber, R.H. (2009). Whose classroom is it, anyway ? Improvisation as a teaching tool. Journal on Excellence in College Teaching, 20 (3), 29- 60.
[5]. Book, S. (2002). Book on acting: Improvisation technique for the professional actor in film, theater and television. Los Angeles: Simon- James Press.
[6]. Carlson, S. (2005). The net generation goes to college. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 52 (7), p A34.
[7]. Crossan, M.M. (1998). Improvisation in action. Organisation science, 9 (5), 593- 599.
[8]. Diggles, D. (2004). Improve for actors. New York: Allworth Press.
[9]. Gessell, I. (1997). Playing along 37 group activities. Duluth, MN: Whole Person Associates.
[10]. Gwinn, P. & Halpern, C. (2003).Group improvisation: The manual of ensemble improve games. Colorado Springs, Co: Meriwether.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Teacher Education- Globalization Framework
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mrs. Sapna Mishra
	:	10.9790/7388-04111920

Abstract: No doubt, Higher Education has attained a key position in the knowledge society under globalised economy. However, the challenges faced are immense and far-reaching. Its impact on the clientele viz., Individuals, Institutions, Systems and Societies is not only not clear but also not comprehendible at this moment unless it is viewed in the context of various other factors that are simultaneously operating on the higher education system. Some agree that the rapid cross national flows of people, goods, capital and information may dissolve the nation State, push institutions (university is the one) into a common mould where as others disagree. It is assumed that globalization promises dramatic and rewarding change to the higher education systems, of societies, which are relatively stable in their political, social and institutional makeup, while for the others, it may threaten the very stability needed to build well performing higher education system. It is also true, that so far globalization has given the advanced economies a huge advantage as they had made enough preparation prior to its launching while others are caught in the trap without any preparation.

[1]. John Smyth, "Globalization and Higher Education: What's Happening to Academic Work?" in Ninth World Congress on Comparative Education: Tradition, Modernity, and Post modernity (Sydney) Proceedings, 1996) and John Smyth, ed., Academic Work: The Changing Labour Process in Higher Education (Buckingham: Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press, 1995.
[2]. Government of India (1997) Approach paper to the ninth Five year plan: 1997-2002, Planning Commission, New Delhi.
[3]. Rani, Geetha, P. (2003) Financing Education in India in the Economic Reform Period: Focus on Intra Sectoral Allocation of Resources to education, in Globalization and Challenges of Education, NIEPA, 2003.
[4]. The Globalization of India economic: a need for internationalization of Higher Technical Education (Patil & Pudlowski).
[5]. Philip G. Altbach, Higher Education and the WTO: Globalization Run Amok, Chronicle of Higher Education.
[6]. Open Doors 2004, Report on International Educational Exchange, Institute of International Education
[7]. World Bank, World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking Poverty.
[8]. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), p. 276 and p. 280. Telephone estimate from Financial Times.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Acclimatizing to Digital Natives Environment (DNE) in Developing Nations
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Dr. Williams, Cheta
	:	10.9790/7388-04112125

Abstract: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has succeeded in producing two sets of generations; Digital Natives (DNs) and Digital Immigrants (DIs) within our school system. This paper therefore takes a turn to highlight on the attributes of these two sets of generations. Also the paper submits that the DNs operate in a learner-centered environment while the Dls, in a teacher-centered environment. However, that the digital era is here with us, the paper thus sues for such measures as; acceptance to innovation and change; DIs training with ICT; ownership of personal PCs by DIs; DIs practicing with ICT; DIs teaching/learning with ICT, amongst others.

Keywords: conflict, digital immigrants, generations, resolution, savvy.

[1]. D.S. White, and A. Le Cornu.. Visitors and residents: A new typology for online engagement. First Monday 16 (9) 2011 ,5.
[2]. C. Jones, and B Shao,. The net generation and digital natives: implications for higher education. Higher Education Academy New York: UK, 2011.
[3]. J. Spear, People born digital. A paper presented at Zeitgeist. Europe, 2007.
[4]. M. Prensky, Digital natives, digital immigrants. On The Horizon 9 (5) 2001, 1-6.
[5]. S. Benneth, K Maton, and L Kelvin, The digital native debate: A critical review of the evidence. British Journal of Educational Technology 39 (5), 2008, 775-786.
[6]. D.H Jonassem, Computers as mindtools for schools: Engaging critical thinking. Columbus: Prentice Hal, 2000.
[7]. C. Williams, The integration of information technology in our schools via the needs assessment approach (NAA). Nigerian Journal of Research and Production, 7. (3) 2005, 59-63.
[8]. J.J, Newby, D.A Stepich, J.D. Lehman, and J.D Russell,. Educational technology for teaching and learning (3rd. ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2006.
[9]. P. Resta. (Ed) Information and communication technology in teacher Education: A planning guide. Russia: UNESCO, 2002.
[10]. C. Williams, Principles and methods of teaching and learning: A contextual approach. Omoku: Thompchims Press and Computer Ser. 2005.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Influence of Demographic Variables on Students' Choice of Sports Activities in Lagos State
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Adeyemo, Kehinde A., Ajibola, Gbenga S.
	:	10.9790/7388-04112629

Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the influence of demographic variables on students' choice of sports activities in secondary schools in Lagos state. The variables studied were socio-economic status, gender, religion and cultural belief of the students. The sample comprised two hundred and fifty (N-250) junior and senior secondary school students of selected schools in Lagos State. Data were collected from the participants with a self-structured validated questionnaire. Results were obtained through descriptive statistics of simple percentage and chi-square analysis used to test the stated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that socio-economic status, gender, religion and cultural belief significantly influenced students' choice of sports activities in secondary schools in Lagos state. Based on these findings it was recommended that demographic variables such as socio-economic status of the students, gender, religion and cultural belief should be considered in construction of sports facilities in secondary schools in Lagos state. The findings further suggested that the demographic variable should be the basis for planning sports programmes in the secondary schools.

[1]. Adedeji. J.A. (1992). Cross –cultural study Nigerian women in sports. AAPHERD Publication.
[2]. Asagba, B.O. (2005). Organisation of intramural and extramural sports. Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria: University of Ibadan Press.7
[3]. Awosika, Y. (1982). Administration and Management of Physical Education and Sports, Nigeria: Floridec Publishers.
[4]. Awosika, Y. (1996). Status of facilities and equipment in producing successful of the IGI/NIS/ end of year seminar on managing Olympic success – The centennial experience.
[5]. Awoyinfa, J.O. (2005). Leadership effectiveness and job performance of personnel in both public and private oriented sports organization in Lagos. Ph.Dthesis.
[6]. Fasan, C. O. (2004). Introduction to Sport Administration, Lagos: Beulah publisher.
[7]. Fasan, C. O. (2004). Introduction to Sport Management, Lagos: Beulah publisher.
[8]. Filley, A.C. (2005). Committee management guidelines from social science research In E. Patrick and B. Connor Dimensions in modern management. London: Houghton Mifflin Press.
[9]. Hamafyelto, S.S. and BAdejo. O.O (2002) Gender Difference in Children's Socialization into Sports. African Journal of Gross – cultural Psychology and Sport Facilitation, 4, 41 – 46.
[10]. Kilpatick. M. (2005). Colleges Student's Motivation for Physical Activities: Differentiating Men's and Women's Motives for Sports Participation and Exercise. Journal of American College Health, Vol. 54, No. 8794.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Transacting Peace Education in School Using PETS– A Study
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Usha A. Borkar
	:	10.9790/7388-04113034

Abstract: In the present research paper, the researcher introduces an educational approach, by the name of "Peace Education Through Story (PETS)" as a part of Peace Education, which can undo certain basic negative effects of unrests taking place all round us. It attempts to do so by way of bringing in core human values essential for peaceful and health living. It provides a wide range of interesting and interactive stories which may be used as methods of teaching and learning and to deliver the curriculum effectively alongside with a focus on core human values. This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PETS at the Standard Eight level. Null hypothesis was formulated. The research was experimental in nature. The research design followed by researcher was One group Pre test Post Test Design. Data was analyzed using t-test. The conclusion is evident that PETS is an effective manner of providing Peace Education for Standard VIII students.

Keywords: Human values, Peace Education, Secondary School students, and Story.

[1] New Era Development Institute. Peace Education Activities for Children: A Teacher‟s Guide. Panchgani, India: New Era Development Institute, 2002.
[2] Synder, C. R., Lopez S. J., (2007) Positive Psychology the scientific and practical explorations of human strengths Sage South Asia edition, New Delhi.
[3] Stephen P. Robbins. (2004) Organizational behavior Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
[4] Banks, James A. (Editor). (2003). Diversity and Citizenship Education: Global Perspectives. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[5] Tiedt, P. (2001). In Multicultural teaching (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Effect of Constructivist Teaching Model on SSS Physics Students' Achievement and Interest
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Dr. Ursula N. Akanwa, Dr. Alphonsus O. Ovute
	:	10.9790/7388-04113538

Abstract: The effect of constructivist teaching model on senior secondary school physics students' achievement and interest was examined. Quasi-experimental design was employed. Using a stratified sampling technique, a sample of 160 SSS physics student were drawn, and categorized into experimental and control groups. The experimental group (80) was taught using constructivist approach while the control; group was taught the same physics concepts (waves and sound) using conventional (chalk board) approach. A validated physics achievement tests on the lessons covered were administered to both groups of students before and after the experiment. Also a researcher developed and validated interest inventory was administered to the two groups. Mean, standard deviation and z statistics were tools for the data analysis. Findings revealed that constructivist approach had a significant effect on both the achievement and interest of SSS physics students. Based on the findings, some recommendations were made.

[1]. Ngwoke, D.U. (1995). School Learning Theories and Applications. Enugu: Magnet Business Enterprise
[2]. Nwafor, O.M. (2007). Educational Innovation: Process and Products. Enugu: Magnet Business Enterprise.
[3]. Obiekwe, C.L. (2008). Effect of Constructivist Instructional approach on Students Achievement and Interest in Basic Ecological Concepts in Biology. Unpublished M.Ed. Thesis, U.N.N.
[4]. Offorma, G.C. (2009). Curriculum Implementation and Instruction. Onitsha: Uni-World Education Publishers Ltd.
[5]. Wikipedia, (2008).Constructivist Teaching Methods Retrieved on December, 9. http://en.wikipedia.org./wiki/constructivist teachingmethods.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Influence of Knowledge of IT and Self-Esteem among B.Ed Students
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Navaneetham S.
	:	10.9790/7388-04113944

Abstract: At present number of B.Ed colleges were established throughout the country. So a large mass of students undergone this course and study about teaching. Since they are the future teachers, the knowledge of IT will be very essential for them. Because in the modern scientific world everything will be improved with the help of computers, ie., the latest technology. By using various technologies in the classroom, teaching will be made effective and the students can easily understand the concepts. Self-esteem plays a vital role in every aspect of life, because it is the perception of his / her own. If one person think that he is a valuable person, then he can easily achieve his desires and goals. Good self-esteem induces self-confident and thus the performance will be more. This study will help to identify the influence of knowledge of IT and the self-esteem among the B.Ed students.

Key words: Self – Esteem, IT, ICT, B.Ed., Colleges, Madurai.

[1] Arunagoel & Goel, S.L (2005). Encyclopaedia of Higher Educationi in the 21 of century. Extension Education Services. New Delhi: Deep and Deep Publication.
[2] Bagulia, Abdul mannan (2004). Kothari Commission. New Delhi: Anmol Publications.
[3] Best, John W & Khan, James V (2005). Research in Education (9th ed.). New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd.
[4] Dewan, Bhushan (2002). Managing Information Technology. New Delhi : Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd.
[5] Douglas, Mack R (1994). How to win with High Self-Esteem. New York: Longman.
[6] Garret, Henry E (2005). Statistics in Psychology and Education. New Delhi: Paragon International Publishers.
[7] Jain, Atal (2005). Computer in Education. New Delhi: Isha Books.
[8] Mohanty, Jagannath (2005). Educational Technology. New Delhi: Deep and Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd.
[9] Siddiqui, Mujibul Hasan (2004). Challenges of Educational Technology. New Delhi: APH Publishing Corporation.
[10] Siddiqui, Mujibul Hasan (2004). Encyclopaedia of Educational Technology (Vol.2). New Delhi: APH Publishing Corporation.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Comparative Study of Chemistry Students' Learning Styles Preferences in Selected Public and Private Schools in Lagos Metropolis
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Dr. Oluwatomi M. Alade, Mrs. Angela C. Ogbo
	:	10.9790/7388-04114553

Abstract: This study investigated the learning style preferences of chemistry students in both public and private secondary schools in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria. Descriptive research survey design was adopted for this study. The sample consisted of two hundred (200) SS 2 Chemistry students. The participants were selected using hat and draw and disproportionate stratified sampling methods. Instruments used to collect data were the Chemistry Achievement Test (CAT) and the VAK Learning style Test (VLST). The reliability measures of CAT and VLST were 0.66 and 0.70 respectively. Four research questions and corresponding hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data collected were analysed using Chi-square statistics. The result showed that there is a significant relationship between learning style preferences of students and their performance in the chemistry achievement test in both public and private schools. Visual learning style was the predominant preference among students in both school types. The researcher recommends that chemistry teachers should use a variety of teaching styles to accommodate the various learning styles of their students. An alignment between teaching and learning styles will improve the teaching, learning and performance of students in Chemistry.

Keywords: Learning Style Preferences, Teaching style, Performance, Chemistry, Public, Private Schools, Lagos.

[1] Adeyemi, T.O. (2011). A Comparative Study of Students' Academic Performance in Public Examinations in Secondary Schools in Ondo and Ekiti States, Nigeria.Current Research Journal of Economic Theory 3(2): 36-42, 2011 ISSN
[2] Adesoji, F.A. and Ibraheem, T.L. (2009) (Effects of student team-achievement divisions strategy and mathematics knowledge on learning outcome in chemical kinetics. Journal of International Social Research.Vol 2/6 winter 2009.

[3] Alade, O.M. (2007). Teacher Attitude to Inspectors and Inspection: Quality Control. International Journal of Educational Research.ISSN1595-8485.Vol3 no2.pp203-217. Lagos: Vita Educational Books.
[4] Al-Methen, A.E. and W.J. Wilkinson, 1992.Perceived causes of failure among secondary school students.Manchester University Press, November, Res.Edu., 48:26-35.
[5] Apanpa, O.S and Ogunbiyi, O. (2012). Learning and Teaching styles in Language, Science and Technology in Nigeria.British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences ISSN: 2046-9578, Vol.5 No.2 (2012) ©BritishJournal Publishing, Inc. 2012 http://www.bjournal.co.uk/BJASS.aspx
[6] Berg, C.A.R. (2005). Factors related to observed attitude change toward learning chemistry among university students. Chemistry Education and Practice. 2005, 6 (1) 1-18.
[7] Dunn, R., & Dunn, K. (1992).Teaching secondary students through their individual learning styles: Practical approaches
[8] Dunn, R., & Dunn, K. (1992). Teaching secondary students through their individual learning styles: Practical approaches for grades 7-12. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
[9] Felder, Richard. (1993). "Learning styles".North Carolina State University.http://www4.ncsu.edu/unity/lockers/users/f/felder/public/papers/Is1988pdf Retrieved 01/11/12.
[10] Fleming, N.D. (2001). Teaching and Learning Styles: VARK Strategies. Honolulu Community College.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Ultra Violet Attenuated Cercariae on Antibody Response in Rabbits
Country	:	Egypt
Authors	:	Hala Moustafa, Samar Hassab-Allah, Harbi Ali, Hanan Rabee, Ragaa Ali
	:	10.9790/7388-04115462

Abstract: Ultraviolet (UV) light is an electromagnetic radiation below the visible wavelengths. Their use in cercariae attenuation needs to be examined. In the present work, Schistosoma mansoni cercariae was exposed to UV radiation. Few studies showed previously an inflicted damage seen on the adult schistosome worms developed from irradiated cercariae. The aim of the study was to find out whether this damage was attributed to direct effect of UV-irradiation on cercariae or due to the host's immunogenicity induced by UV- irradiated cercariae. Single as well as multiple exposures of cercariae to UV Light were examined. They were exposed to UV light, for 1, 2 and 3 hrs and then, were subjected to different treatments: the first one was for the assessment of cercarial viability after one hour of the 3 different treatments. The second one was for rabbit infection and the third one was for cercarial antigen preparation. The cercarial antigens (Ag) were recognized by protective antibodies (IgG1 fractions) which then, were separated and purified from vaccinated rabbit's serum. This cercarial Ag was identified as UVISmC1 gene encoding a protein showing 100% identity at the amino acid level with previously identified S. mansoni clones; theses clones are encoding 51.7 kDa antigens elicited as a result of direct effect of UV radiation on cercariae as well as host's immunogenicity induced by UV irradiated cercariae. This was verified by the recognition of this Ag prepared from E coli clones isolated from cDNA expression library. In conclusion, the data showed a remarkable potency of the UV-radiation-attenuated cercaria in eliciting differential high effectiveness in Ab response under laboratory conditions at 1, 2 and 3 hrs of UV light output at 254 nm. An understanding of the protective immune response elicited by RA cercaria may help in designing a candidate vaccine which is still needed.

Keywords: UV light, Schistosoma mansoni, radiation-attenuated cercariae, purification of IgG and vaccine.

[1]. Ahmed HM, Romeih MH, Sherif SA, Fahim FA, and Saber MA. Protection against Schistosoma mansoni infection with recombinant schistosomula 21.7 kDa protein. Arab Journal of Biotechnology, 2001, 24; 229-249.
[2]. Cantrell DA and Smith KA. The interleukin-2 system. A new cell growth model. Science 1984, 224:1312-15.
[3]. Cook PC, Aynsley SA, Turner JD, Jenkins GR, Van Rooijen N, Leeto M, Brombacher F. and Mountford AP.. Multiple helminth infection of the skin causes lymphocyte hypo-responsiveness mediated by Th2 conditioning of dermal myeloid cells. PLoS Patholog, Epub 2011, Mar 17; 7(3):e1001323.
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[6]. Dean DA: Schistosoma mansoni and related genera acquired resistance in mice. Exp parasitol, 1983, 55:1-104
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Construction of Training Platform for Electrical Control of Mechanical Equipments Based on MCGS
Country	:	China
Authors	:	Mingxin Yuan, Shanyue Xia, Yue Ge, Zhipeng Zhou, Qi Wang
	:	10.9790/7388-04116368

Abstract: Under the limited resources of hardware equipments, in order to improve the practical teaching quality of the electrical control of mechanical equipments and strengthen the application ability of programmable logic controller (PLC) control technology of students, the construction of the virtual training platform based on MCGS configuration software is proposed. Through the configuration software, the controlled system is designed firstly, and then the simulation system is controlled by PLC through the RS232 communication. According to the control requirements, control tasks and I/O distribution of the simulation system, the students can program their own ladder diagram to finish the system control. The practical teaching results show that the replacement from the traditional light-emitting diodes to the motion animation of the controlled system improves the students' interest, enriches the experiment contents and meets the requirements of practice teaching.

Keywords: Electrical control, MCGS configuration software, programmable logic controller, teaching reform, virtual training platform.

[1] Z.J. Xuan, An exploration regarding project teaching method in PLC teaching, The Science Education Article Cultures, (2), 2011, 59-60.
[2] S.M. Wang, Skillfully develop PLC teaching tools——Operation of three floors based MCGS, Information technology & Informatization, (6), 2009, 86-89.
[3] H.Y. Chen, M.L. Wang, S.Q. Liu, Application of project-teaching method in the course electrical control of machine tools and PLC, China Modern Education Equipment, (13),2010,12-14.
[4] Y.H. Zhen, S.X. Hua. Application of MCGS in PLC Experiment, Experiment Science & Technology, 6(5), 2008,66-67.
[5] M.X. Yuan, Y. Shen, Q. Wang. Project-based teaching reform for electrical control of mechanical equipments under guidance of engineering, China Modern Education Equipment, (11),2013,42-44.
[6] H.P. Li, Control configuration technology and application: MCGS ( Xi'an, China: Xi'an Electronic Sience &Technology University Press, 2013).
[7] A.B. Gao, M. Tian, N. Yu, Engineering design of mitsubishi PLC (Beijing, China: China Machine Press, 2011).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An Approach in Medical Biophysics Learning Style Using Problem-Based Learning Method
Country	:	Egypt
Authors	:	Ismail Hegaze, Everard von Kemenade, Maryka von Duure, Dalaia Ali, Hala Moustafa, Zineb Elfaramawy
	:	10.9790/7388-04116974

Abstract: The motivation in implementing problem-based learning (PBL) in medical biophysics education was started since 2011-2012. Hence it is better for the students to learn e.g medical biophysics using hands-on method. This paper will discuss the implementation of PBL in medical medical biophysics and student perception on the learning method. The study was performed on faculty of applied medical sciences students taking medical biophysics subject in the second semester in a University in Egypt. They were learned the physics topics for some weeks as a part of their learning method. The test on the perception of the students was carried out by distributing questionnaire at the end of PBL session. Problem-based learning (PBL) helps students develop their knowledge and understanding skills. Also their intellectual skills in integrating the principles and concepts of medical biophysics. Students acquire professional and practical skills in practicing the leader ship role and applying the principles of scientific research .Teaching content through skills is one of the primary distinguishing features of PBL with conventional method. In PBL, the students are more inductive. The results were analyzed using SPSS software. The problem-based learning of medical biophysics were successfully implemented to the students. From the facilitator observation generally the students were starting to understand the concept of PBL. They are also trained to be punctual, actively generating ideas in group and good motivator to the friends.70% of students agree the relevancy of teaching and learning (T & L) method using PBL in medical biophysics syllabus and 90% of the students agree get useful benefits from the PBL methods.

Keywords: PBL, Medical Biophysics, Teaching and learning.

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