IOSR-JAVS   Volume-7 ~ Issue-1 ~ JAN-2014

ABSTRACT: The rearing was carried out at department of sericulture GKVK, UAS, Bangalore 2011-2012 to study the "Revalidation of Bed Disinfectant Practices followed by farmers for the rearing of Silkworm Bombyxmori L". Least larval duration was observed in daily application of hydrated lime powder at the rate of 5g/ sq ft + application of bundh powder after every moult (25.23 and 25.22 days, respectively) in both first and second rearing. In first rearing Larval mortality percentage, disease incidence of flacherie and muscardine was least in daily application of active lime powder at the rate of 3g / sq ft + application of bundh powder after every moult (10.16,10.04 and 0.10%, respectively). Cocoon weight, shell weight, pupal weight and shell ratio was maximum in daily application of hydrated lime powder at the rate of 5g/ sq ft + application of bundh powder after every moult (1.96, 0.330,1.63g and 21.02%, respectively) and effective rate of rearing, yield of cocoons and filament length was highest in daily application of active lime powder at the rate of 3g/ sq ft + application of bundh powder after every moult (92.12%, 88.64g and 758.5m, respectively).
Key words: Silkworm Bombyxmori L, Flacherie, Muscardine and Bed Disinfectant.

[1] Anonymous, 2011, Highlights of Central Silk Board's activities. Ann. Rep. (2010-2011), CSB, Bangalore.
[2] Balavenkatasubbaiah, M., Sharma, S.D., Baig, M., Singh, B.D., Venkatareddy, S. and Noamani, M.K.R., 1989, Role of disinfection of rearing appliances and sun-light exposure on the inactivation of disease causing pathogen of silkworm, Bombyxmori L. Indian J. Seric.,28(2): 200-205.
[3] Chithra, C., Karanth, N.G.K. and Vasanthrajan, V.N., 1975, Disease of mulberry silkworm, BombyxmoriL. J. Sci. Ind Res.,34: 386-401.
[4] Dandin, S.B., Jayaswal, J. and Giridhar, K., 2003, Handbook of Sericulture Technologies. CSB, Bangalore, p. 287.
[5] Doreswamy, C., Govindan, R., Devaiah, M.C. and Muniswamappa, M.V., 2004, Deterioration of cocoon traits of silkworm, BombyxmoriL. by the synergistic infection with late larval flacherie pathogens. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci.,17: 345-348.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Pulverization Tools and Deficit Irrigation Treatments on II. Machinery Group, Some Soil Physical Properties, Growth and Yield of Barley
Country	:	Iraq
Authors	:	Alaa Salih Ati || Shaima Sami Dawood || Inas Abduljabbar
	:	10.9790/2380-07140811

ABSTRACT: Field experiment was conducted during autumn season of 2011-2012 at the experimental farm, Department of Agriculture Machines Science, Collage of Agriculture –University of Baghdad. A field study was carried out to determine the effect of pulverization tools and irrigation scheduling on growth parameters of barley crops for optimum production and some machinery group, physical properties. Pulverization tools treatments were (rotivator, disk harrow and spring cultivator). Deficit irrigation including omitting two irrigation at growth stage (T1), flowering stage (T2) and growth grain stage (T3), as well as the full irrigation treatment (control) (T0). Irrigation was imposed at 55% depletion of available water. Plant growth parameter of barley was significantly affected by the different pulverization tools. The mean values of the pulverization tools show that the plant height (cm) decreased from 86 to 79 and 76, No. of spike/ m2 from 582 to 569 and 530, biological yield (t/ha) from 16.64 to 16.13 and 14.72 and the grain yield (t/ha) from 5.36 to 4.81 and 4.22 at spring cultivator, disk harrow and rotivator, respectively.

[1]. Al- Zubaidi, A. 2004. Influence of the system of irrigation and soil pulverization in some soil physical characteristics and growth of corn crop. PhD Thesis in Agricultural Machines. University of Baghdad.
[2]. Al-Ajeli, S. D. 2008. Effect of ploughnhing system, pulverization tools and tractor speed on the machinery group, mean weight diameter and saturated hydraulic conductivity. MS. Thesis in Agricultural Machines. University of Baghdad.
[3]. Baver, L., W. Gardner and W. R. Gardner. 1977. Soil physical. 4th ed. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.
[4]. Carter, M. R. 1992. Characterizing the soil physical condition in reduced tillage systems for winter wheat on a fine sandy loam using small cores. Canda J. Soil Sci. 72(4):395-402.
[5]. Cassel, D., C. Rachzkowski and H. Denton. 1995. Tillage effect on corn production and soil physical conditions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 59:1433-1436.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Incorporation of Potato on the Quality of Chicken Cutlets
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Pant Chetana || Kumar Yogesh || Anita || Bharti S. K. || Tanwar V. K.
	:	10.9790/2380-07141215

ABSTRACT: A study was carried out to assess the effect of addition of different levels of potato (25% and 50%) and compared with control (C) on the basis of physicochemical, proximate and sensory attributes of chicken cutlets. Results for physico-chemical analysis indicated that pH values of both treatments were higher than C and differences were highly significant (P<0.05). Cooking losses and Shrinkage values of T25 and T50 were significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of C. Highly significant (P<0.01) differences were observed in WHC values of treatments and C. Moisture retention of T25 and T50 were highly significant (P<0.01) than C. Fat retention was significantly (P<0.05) higher for both treatments than C however protein content of T25, T50 and C did not differ significantly. Moisture content of T25 and T50 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than C. However, no significant differences were observed in ash content of all samples. Sensory evaluation revealed that highly significant (P<0.01) scores for colour & appearance, juiciness and overall acceptability were observed for T25. However, no significant differences were observed for texture and flavour values. It can be concluded that potato incorporation at 25% level improves quality and also decreases cost of production of chicken cutlets.
Keywords: chicken cutlets, potato, physicochemical analysis, proximate, sensory attributes.

[1]. AOAC (1995). Official Method Of Analysis. 16th edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC
[2]. Cunningham FE (1989). Developments in Enrobed products. In G.C. Mead (Ed.), Processing of Poultry (pp. 325-349)
[3]. El-MagoliS, Laroia S and Hansen P (1996). Flavour and texture characteristics of low fat ground beef patties formulated with whey protein concentrate. Meat Sci., 42(2): 179-193.
[4]. Hedrick HB, Aberle ED, Forrest JC (1994) Principles of Meat Sci., pp. 144-150
[5]. Keeton JT 1983. Effect of fat and NaCl/phosphate levels on the chemical and sensory properties of pork patties. J. Of Food Sci., 48:878-881

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Stage II Keratoconjunctivitis in a Goat: A Case report
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Faez Firdaus Jesse Abdullah || Nurul Syazwani Radzuan || Abdulnasir Tijjani || Lawan Adamu
	:	10.9790/2380-07141618

ABSTRACT: A two year old Australian Feral male goat weighing 30 kg was presented to the large animal unit of Universiti Putra Malaysia Veterinary Hospital with the clinical signs of conjunctivitis and corneal ulceration with purulent ocular discharge. A sterile swab was taken from the eyefor bacteriological culture and the culture yielded a mixed growth of Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Moraxella caprae.The conditionwas diagnosed as pink eye disease. The goat was administered 3ml of 20mg/kgoxytetracyclinesubconjunctival injection of 0.4ml, intravenous injection of 2.2mg/kg Flunixin meglumine (antipyretic) agent, topical application of terramycine eye ointment and infusion of 2L of 0.6% Nacl solution. The signs of conjunctivitis and corneal ulcersof the eye had substantially reduced five days post treatment. Quarantine of infected animals, good quality feeding and fly control wasrecommendedas preventive measures.
Keywords: Pink eye, goat, Moraxella caprae, bacteriology.

[1]. Browning, M. L. (2007). Keratoconjunctivitis (Pinkeye) in Goats. [Electronic version]. Extension Animal Scientist, AlabamaA&M University, UNP-88.
[2]. Drovers CattleNetwork news. (2011). Pinkeye and pinkeye prevention: Fly Control Resource Center retrieved October 24, 2013 from http://www.cattlenetwork.com/cattle-resources/fly-control/Pinkeye-and-pinkeye-prevention-122872929.html
[3]. Faez Firdaus Jesse Abdullah, Lawan Adamu, Abdinasir Yusuf Osman, Abdul Wahid Haron and Abdul Aziz Saharee (2013). Clinical Management of stage III infectious bovine Keratoconjunctivitis associated with Staphylococcus aureus in a dairy cow: A case report. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science IOSR, 4(4): 69-73.
[4]. Gasparotto, S. W. (2009). Pinkeye in Goats. Retrieved October 29, 2013, from http://www.tennesseemeatgoats.com/articles2/pinkeyeingoats.html
[5]. Giacometti, M., Janovsky, M., Belloy, L. and Frey, J. (2002).Infectious keratoconjunctivitis of ibex, chamois and other Caprinae. Revue Scientific et Technique (International Office of Epidzootics), 21(2):335-345.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Trypanosomosis in a Sambar Deer
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Faez Firdaus Jesse Abdullah || Konto Mohammed || Muhammad Syafiq bin Shahudin || Lawan Adamu
	:	10.9790/2380-07141921

ABSTRACT: A five years old Sambar deer was presented to the University Veterinary Hospital of Universiti Putra Malaysia. The deer was physically diagnosed with clinical signs of depression, lethargy, teeth grinding, pallor of mucous membranes, the vital parameters showed pyrexia (40.90C), increase in pulse (197beats/min.) and respiratory rates (42 circles/min.). Laboratory examination of the Buffy coat by micro haematocrit centrifugation technique revealed the presence of motile flagellates. Buffy coat smear examination confirmed the presence of Trypanosome spp. The disease was diagnosed based on clinical signs and laboratory finding. Diminazene Aceturate at a dose rate of 3.5mg/kg bodyweight was administered intramuscularly, coupled with multivitamin and fluid therapy proves effective in treating the condition. This report shows the significance of wild ruminants in maintaining the transmission cycle of this parasite and timely treatment could resolve the disease condition.
Keywords: Sambar deer, Trypanosomosis, clinical signs, Diminazene Aceturate.

[1]. Adrian, M.S., Rehana, A.S., Latiffa, H. and Wong, M.T. (2010). Outbreak of Trypanosomosis and the seroprevalence of T.evansiin deer breeding Centre in Perak, Malaysia. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 42: 145-150.
[2]. Geist, V. (1998). Deer of the world: there evolution, behavior and ecology. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania.
[3]. IUCN Red list (November 2011). http://www.iucnredlist.org/
[4]. Leslie Jr, D.M. (2011). Russa unicolor (Artiodactyla: Cevidae). Mammalian species, 43(871): 1-30
[5]. Nurulaini R., Jamnah O., Adnan M., Zaini C.M.,Khadijah S., Rafiah A. &Chandrawathani P. (2007).Mortality of domesticated java deer attributed to surra(2007).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Potential of Detoxified Neem Kernel Cake as a Protein Source in Broiler Feeding
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Abdulazeez A.|| Abdulmumini S.|| Sulaiman J.
	:	10.9790/2380-07142229

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the nutritive potential of detoxified neem kernel cake as source of protein for broiler chickens. Diet-control was 100 percent soybean based. Diets, 1, 2, 3 and 4 had detoxified neem kernel cake included at 25, 50, 75 and 100 percents respectively. These four diets were evaluated in comparison to control, in a seven- week growth and metabolism trial using two hundred day old broiler chicks with an average initial live weight of 39.3 + 0.1g, divided in to five groups of forty chicks per treatment in a Complete Randomized Design. Five broiler chicks were caged individually per treatment. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Daily feed intake, daily body weight changes and mortality rate were determined. At the end of seven-week feeding trial,

[1] Singh, R.A. (2010). Poultry Production. Kalyani Publication. New Delhi. India. P. 1-5.
[2] Abdulazeez, A, Mukhtar, F.M and Ajeigbe, H.A. (2007). Effect of different types and levels of organic fertilizer on growth and yield of some maize varieties. Environmental protection and food security through life science. Journal of Research in Bioscience. International Research and Development Institute. Vol.3. No.4. 13-23.
[3] Belewu, M.A (2008). Replacement of fungus treated jatropha kernel meal for soybean meal in the diet of rats. Green Farming, 2(3):154-157.
[4] Abdulazeez, A. (2013). Assessment of Agricultural Trees for Combating Desertification in Federal College of Education (Tech) Bichi (in press. Paper no: Pana/2013/097) . International Journal of Agriculture. Pan African Research and Development Network. Accra, Ghana. P.12
[5] Gowda, S.K and Sastry, V.R. (2000). Neem seed cake in animal feeding. Asian-Australia Journal of Animal Science.13: 720-728.
[6] Reddy, G.V. (1999). Dry fallen leaves as roughage source in the complete feed for sheep. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences. 8:39-42.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	In vitro fermentation profiles of palm kernel meal (PKM)-based diet supplemented with xylanase or cellulase using caecal digesta of broiler chickens as inoculums
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Sharmila Ahmad || Azhar K. || Hezmee M. Noor || Anjas A. Samsudin
	:	10.9790/2380-07143036

ABSTRACT: In vitro fermentation profiles of palm kernel meal-based diet supplemented with or without xylanase and cellulase were investigated using broiler chickens caecal digesta as inoculum. Caecal digesta from 10 six week old male Cobb 500 broilers was diluted with pre-warmed anaerobic, sterile saline (9g/L NaCl) in a ratio of 1:5, and was used as inoculum. The PKM-based diet together with semi-defined medium and caecal inoculum was incubated in 100 ml glass syringe for 72 hours at 39±5 oC. In vitro fermentation kinetics was determined through the in vitro cumulative gas production technique. End products such as ammonia, VFAs, and in vitro dry matter degradability were also quantified. The in vitro study of PKM-based diet supplemented with or without xylanase did not show any different effect on the gas production rate. However, the amount of butyrate production was increased when enzyme was supplemented. Both xylanase and cellulase supplementation in PKM diet had significantly improved (P<0.05) the in vitro dry matter degradability of the PKM compared to unsupplemented PKM diet, which more prominent result shown by xylanase supplementation.
Keywords: Xylanase, cellulase and, palm-kernel meal.

[1]. K.E. Bach Knudsen, The nutritional significance of "dietary fiber" analysis, Animal Feed and Science Technology, (90), 2001, 3-20.
[2]. M. Choct, R.J. Hughes, and M.R. Bedford, Effects of a xylanase on individual bird variation, starch digestion throughout the intestine, ileal and ceacal volatile fatty acid production in chickens fed wheat, British Poultry Science, 40, (1999), 419-422.
[3]. M. Marounek, O. Suchorska, and O. Savka, Effect of substrate and feed antibiotics on in vitro production of volatile fatty acids in caecal contents of chickens, Animal Feed and Science and Technology, 80, (1999), 223-230.
[4]. D. Jόzefiak, A. Rutkowski, and S.A. Martin, Carbohydrate fermentation in the avian ceaca, Animal Feed and Science Technology, 113, ( 2004) ,1-15.
[5]. A. Chesson, Feed enzyme. Animal Feed and Science and Technology, 45, (1993), 65-79.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effects of Climate Change on Crop Production in Thaba-Tseka and Mokhotlong Districts Lesotho Highlands
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Thobei || Sutarno || Komariah
	:	10.9790/2380-07143744

ABSTRACT: Climate change is a major and lasting change and has impact on agriculture. This study presents research results on effects of climate change on crop production in Thaba-tseka and Mokhotlong districts in Lesotho. The main objective is to find out effects of climate change on crop production. Data on climatic parameters especially rainfall and temperature and crop yields that are maize, beans and wheat of ten years from 2000 to 2010 were obtained. These were supplemented with primary data questionnaires. Information was obtained on ploughing method, use of improved seeds, types of soils, use of irrigation; information dissemination etc.A total of 100 farmers was interviewed. Regression analysis was used to find out effects of climate change on crop production. Frequency distribution analysis was also used for primary data. Research results show that climatic parameters have little impact on crop production. Other factors affecting crop production are types of soils, plouhging methods, use of improved seeds use of irrigation as most farmers are subsistence rain fed. Subsequent to these findings it is suggested that crop diversification, and crop intensification, irrigation development, conservation agriculture and development of climate change policy are suitable adaptation strategies that will help farmers to improve crop yields.
Key words: climate change, crop production and adaptation.

[1]. Benoit P., 1977. The start of the growing season in northern Nigeria. Agricultural Meteorology 18(2),p 91-99.
[2]. Biazin Birhanu Geert Sterk, Melesse Temesgen, Abdu Abdulkedir, Leo Stroosnijder, 2012. Rainwater harvesting and management in rainfed agricultural systems in sub-Saharan Africa – A reviewPhysics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, Volumes 47–48, 2012, p 139-151.
[3]. Boote, K.J., Jones, J.W., Hoogenboom, G., 1998. Simulation of crop growth: CROPGRO model. In: Peart, R.M., Curry, R.B. (Eds.). Agricultural systems modeling and simulation. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, p. 651–692.
[4]. Brown D.M. 1997Crop Heat Units for Corn and Other Warm Season Crops in Ontario. Availableat: http://www.uoguelph.ca/plant/research/ homepages/ttollena/research/assets, 9 March2011.
[5]. Doorenbos, J. and Kassam, H.A, 1988. Yield response to water. Irrigation and Drainage Paper number 33, 2nd edition. FAO, United Nations, Rome, p101 – 107, p 176.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Yield and yield components of maize as influenced by row arrangement, nitrogen and phosphorus levels in maize (Zea mays L)/ castor (Ricinus communis) mixture
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Arunah U.L || E. B. Amans; M. Mahmud || A. Ahmed; G.L. Luka || A. S. Isah || B.A. Babaji || E.C. Odion
	:	10.9790/2380-07144549

ABSTRACT:Field experiment was conducted at Institute for Agricultural Research farm Samaru, Zaria in Nigeria during 2007 to 2009 rainy seasons. Treatments consisted of factorial combinations of three alternate row arrangements of maize: castor in 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1, four levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1) and three levels of phosphorus (13, 26 and 39 kg P ha-1), in a split plot design with three replication. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer were assigned to the main plots and row arrangements to the sub-plots. Row arrangement of 1:2 significantly increased cob weight, while 2:1 increased 100- grain weight and yield of maize. Applied 40 kg N ha-1 resulted in significantly heavier cob diameter and grain yield in 2009. Application of 80 kg N ha-1 increased cob diameter and weight in 2007.

[1] Gobin, A.M.L, M.I Uguru and J. Deckens.(2001). Oil crops.Cited from Crop Products in Tropical Africa Romain, H., 2001 PP 726-732.
[2] Oplinger (1990). Castor Production. www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/index.html
[3] Mani, H; Tanimu, B; Mukhtar, A. A, Jaliya, M.M and Mahadi, M.A. (2005). Response of early and extra early maize (Zea.mays L.) Varieties to sowing dates in the Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. Journal of Tropical Bioscience 5(1): 141-146.
[4] Aboyeji, C.M. (2008). Performance of extra early maize (Zea mays L.) as affected by rates of NPK fertilizer and Plant population in the Northern Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria. Unpublished MSc. Thesis, submitted to Postgraduate School, ABU, Zaria, 63- 194pp.
[5] Snedecor, G.W and W.G Cochran (1967) statistical methods 10th ed. Iowa state university press. Ames, Iowa U.S.A 456 pp
[6] Duncan, D. B ( 1955). Multiple Range and Multiple "F" test Biometrics 11: 1-42.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Trend Analysis of the Contribution of Agriculture to the Gross Domestic Product of Nigeria (1960 - 2012).
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Ahungwa, G.T || U. Haruna || Rakiya Y. Abdusalam
	:	10.9790/2380-07145055

ABSTRACT: This study examined the pattern and contribution of agriculture to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Nigeria within a time frame of 53 years (1960-2012). Time-series data emanating from National Bureau of Statistic (NBS), Central Bank of Nigeria, National Planning Commission (NPC) and CIA Factbook were used and analysed using trend and regression analysis. The results showed that the share of agriculture to the total GDP had a downward trend, yet maintaining a clear dominance over other sectors from 1960-1975. Further analysis depicted an undulating trend,

[1]. Abayomi, O. (1997). "The agricultural sector in Nigeria: The way forward." CBN Bullion, 21: 14-25.
[2]. Andohol, J. (2012). Nigeria's Food Security Programs: Implications for MDG's Goal of Extreme Hunger Eradication, International Journal of Business and Social Science 3 (9): 243.
[3]. Anyanwu, S.O., U.S. Offor., O.M.Adesope and Ibekwe U.C. (2013). Structure and growth of the GDP (1960-2008): implication for Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria, Global Advanced Research Journal of Management and Business Studies.2(6): 342-348.
[4]. Azih, I. (2011). A background analysis of the Nigerian agricultural sector (1998 to 2007) (I) Tuesday, 30 August 2011.
[5]. CBN (2010). Central Bank of Nigeria: Statistical Bulletin, 2010 Edition
[6]. Ehigiamusoe, U.K (2012). A Comparative Analysis of Agricultural performance between the Military and Civilian Regimes in Nigeria.International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Intervention.1 (1): 13-23.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Antibiotics effect on salmonella spp .isolated from young chicks in chicken fields
Country	:	Iraq
Authors	:	Hameedh Hamza Al-Hababy
	:	10.9790/2380-07145660

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was the isolation and diagnosis of the bacteria that cause bacillary white diarrhea from young chicks, identification the present percentage, and establishment the antibiotic effect on bacteria. Bacillary white diarrhea disease is a major health problem as the causative agent Salmonella pullorum has developed resistance to many antimicrobial agents. We studied 88samples feces collect from chicken in the chicken felid in Hilla city (Babylon province.).These samples were cultured on selective and differential media; biochemical tests and antimicrobial effect on the types of these bacteria was studied. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by disc diffusion method.

[1]. Barrow P.A. &Freitasneto O.C. Pullorum disease and fowl typhoid – new thoughts on old diseases: areview. Avian Pathol., 2011; 40(1), 1–13.
[2]. Habrun, B. and M. Mitak. Monitoring for faecalSalmonella spp. in poultry. (2003). Croatian Veterinary Institute, Poultry Centre. Hrvatska, Zagreb, Croatia, pp: 161-163.
[3]. Calenge F, Kaiser P, Vignal A, Beaumont C. Genetic control of resistance to Salmonellosis and to Salmonella carrier-state in fowl:a Review. Genetics Selection Evolution, 2010; 42: 11.
[4]. Izumiya H, Terajima J, Yamamoto S, Ohnishi M, Watanabe H, Kai A.Genomic Analysis of Salmonella entericaSerovarTyphimurium Definitive Phage Type104.Emerg.Infect. Dis. 2013; 19(5).
[5]. Priyantha MAR. Vaccination to control fowl typhoid in commercial layers, Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka J. Anim. Sci.2009; 1261469976.
[6]. Richardson E.J., Limaye B., Inamdar H., Datta A., Manjari K.S., Pullinger G.D., Thomson N.R., Joshi R.R., Watson M., Stevens M.P. Genome sequences of Salmonella entericaserovartyphimurium, Choleraesuis, Dublin, and Gallinarum Strains of well-defined virulence in food-producing animals.J. Bacteriol.,2011; 193(12), 3162–3163.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Genetic characterization of diplodia resistant in somatic hybrids of Citrus unshiu and Citrus nobilis using resistance gene analogue (RGA)
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	D.P.P. Ragayatsu, Liliek Sulistyowati, Luqman Qurata Aini, C. Martasari
	:	10.9790/2380-07146170

ABSTRACT: Information about disease resistant in somatic hybrids is essential in breeding program. RGA markers are useful tools for identification, tagging, and mapping genes for disease resistant. About 4 RGA primers were used to analyze genetic character among 20 somatic hybrids of Citrus unshiu and Citrus nobilis that vary in their resistance to diplodia disease. S1/AS1, Pt8 and 18P33 primers didn't result expected band in amplification products. PCR amplification of RPS2 primers resulted expected bands size 660 bp in SS 1, SS 2 and SS 10 and unexpected bands size 110 bp of all samples. Expected band in SS 1 as resistance sample to diplodia was potential as resistance gene candidate.

[1] C. Martasari, Laporan akhir RPTP perbaikan varietas jeruk Indonesia, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, 2009.
[2] Salamiah, Adruz saufari dan M. Arsyad, Jenis tanaman inang dan masa inkubasi patogen Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. penyebab
penyakit kulit diplodia pada jeruk, J. HPT Tropika Vol 8, No 2, 2008,121-131.
[3] Dharmawan, P.P.R., L. Sulistyowati, A. Cholildan C. Martasari, Evaluasi ketahanan tanaman jeruk (Citrus sp) hasil fusi protoplas
jeruk satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) dan jeruk siam madu (Citrus nobilis) terhadap infeksi penyakit kulit diplodia (Botryodiplodia
theobromae Pat.), Jurnal HPT, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2013, 16-26.
[4] J. Jayashree, A. Selvi, and N.V. Nair, Characterization of resistance gene analog polymorphisms in sugarcane cultivars with varying
levels of red rot resistance, Journal of plant breeding, 1(4), 2010, 1191-1199.
[5] S. Hittalmani, M.R. Foolad, T. Mew, R.L. Rodriguez, and N. Huang, Development of a PCR-based marker to identify rice blast
resistance-gene, Pi-2(t), in a segregating population, Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 91, 1995, 9-14.
[6] W. Powell, M. Morgante, C. Andre, M. Hanafey, J. Vogel, S. Tingey, and A. Rafalski, The comparison of RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, and
SSR markers for germplasm analysis, Mol. Breed, 2, 1996, 225-238.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Stage Two Milk Fever in a Dairy Cow: A Case Report
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Faez Firdaus Jesse Abdullah, Abdinasir Yusuf Osman, Yusuf Abba, Lawan Adamu, Konto Mohammed, Abdulnasir Tijjani, Anis Athira Mauli, Abdul Aziz Saharee, Abdul Wahid Haron
	:	10.9790/2380-07147173

ABSTRACT: The biological cycles of milk production and reproduction determine dairy profitability thus making management decisions dynamic and time-dependent. Metabolic diseases pose significant risk on net earnings of a dairy enterprise. We report a case of clinical hypocalcaemia (milk fever). A 7-year-old Jersey cross cow weighing 500 kg was presented with left lateral recumbency with the neck curved towards the flank. The case history indicated that the animal had calved two months ago and was semi-intensively managed. There was no history of vaccination and deworming. The daily production of milk was about 13 liters.

[1]. Charbonneau E, Pellerin D, and Oetzel GR (2006). Impact of lowering dietary cation-anion difference in non lactating dairy cows: A meta-analysis., J. Dairy Sci. 89:537–548.
[2]. Lean I J, De-Garis P J, McNeil DM and Block E (2006). Hypocalcemia in dairy cows: Meta-analysis and dietary cation anion difference theory revisited., J. Dairy Sci. 89:669–684.
[3]. Horst RL, Goff JP, Reinhardt TA and Buxton DR (1997). Strategies for Preventing Milk Fever in Dairy Cattle., J. Dairy Sci. 80: 1269-1280.
[4]. Roche JR, and Berry DP (2006). Periparturient Climatic, Animal and Management factors influencing the Incidence of Milk Fever in Grazing System., J. Dairy Sci. 89:2775-2783.
[5]. Hutjens MF, and Aalseth EP (2005). Caring for transition cows. Hoards dairyman Books. Illustrated. Pp. 17-21.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Management of Grade I Vaginal Prolapse in a Friesian Cross: A case report
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Faez Firdaus Jesse Abdullah, Yusuf Abba, Lawan Adamu, Abdulnasir Tijjani, Konto Mohammed, Abdinasir Yusuf Osman, Abdul Aziz Saharee, Abdul Wahid Haron
	:	10.9790/2380-07147477

ABSTRACT: A 350kg Friesian cross was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University Putra Malaysia with a complaint of a bulging vagina one month after paturition. On physical examination, there was evidence of a grade I vaginal prolapse with presence of a yellowish mucoid secretion from the vulva. All the vital parameters were normal. Blood workout showed leucocytosis accompanied by neutrophilia with left shift, lymphocytosis and monocytosis. Creatine kinase was elevated ten folds, while serum globulin was only slightly elevated. There was a slight decline in calcium level in the blood. The prolapse was corrected surgically by applying Buhner's suture. Systemic analgesic, antibiotic, multivitamin and calcium infusion were administered to minimize pain, prevent bacterial complication and normalize the calcium level in the blood, respectively. The prognosis was good and the prolapse regressed completely after a week. Prompt and timely management of vaginal prolapse is necessary in order to avoid serious complications that may predispose to uterine infections, infertility and death due to septicemia.

Keywords: Vaginal prolapse; Diary cow; Buhner's suture; Calcium

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Retort Pouch Technology for Ready to Eat Products – An Economic Analysis of Retort Processing plant
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Varalakshmi K, Prince Devadason, Babji Y, Rajkumar R S
	:	10.9790/2380-07147884

ABSTRACT: The research reported in this paper is carried out as a part of the larger project on retort processing. Evaluation of small scale retort processing plant with a capacity of 1,20,000 pouches of Deccan Chicken Curry per year is carried out using project evaluation techniques. Data is taken from the experiments of the larger project. Financial feasibility analysis indicates that the retort processing plant is economically feasible. The plant is financially viable with an Internal Rate of Return of 72% and a Net Present Value of Rs. 1,86,62,503 discounted at 12%. Risk is also found to be less. Sensitivity analysis showed that the project is less sensitive to changes in input and output prices but sensitive to changes in Sales volume. This study may be useful for the enterprenuers interested in processing sector to get first hand information on investment opportunities in retort processed ready to eat products.

Keywords: Evaluation, Food processing, Investment analysis, Meat products, Retort technology

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Jiribam, the Ornamental Fishes' Hot Spot Zone Of Manipur, India
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Bijoya Khomdram, Bishal Dhar, Sankar Kumar Ghosh
	:	10.9790/2380-07148591

ABSTRACT: An investigation on the ornamental fish species availability was carried out in the Jiribam sub division, Imphal east district, Manipur, India. All the possible areas were surveyed and many experts were interacted. Out of the total 139 ornamental fishes found in the state of Manipur, 61 were recorded from Jiribam alone which comprise ~44 %. Therefore, we can categorize Jiribam as one of the hot spots of ornamental fishes in Manipur. The total 61 species belonged to 22 families and 7 orders. 42 species were recorded as threatened species and 3 species are endemic.

Keywords: Jiribam, ornamental fish, hot-spot, endemic, threatened

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Heamatological Characteristics of Young Rabbits fed a mixture of Alchornea cordifolia/Pawpaw leaf meal.
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	M.B. Nodu, M. Okpeku, A.E. Abezi
	:	10.9790/2380-07149296

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Alchornea cordifolia leaf meal (ACLM)/Pawpaw leaf meal (PLM) on the haematology of young rabbits aged 12-14 wks. The study involved twenty four (24) young rabbits of both sexes and of mixed breeds randomly allocated to four treatment groups of two replicates per treatment with three rabbits in each replicate. The treatment groups were designated as T1, T2, T3 and T4, for rabbits fed control meal of concentrate and forage,

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Reducing Unemployment in Delta State through Agricultural Extension and Management Programme: A Case Study of Delta State Polytechnic Ozoro
Country	:	Hungary
Authors	:	Tibi K.N., Adaigho D.O.
	:	10.9790/2380-071497100

ABSTRACT: This study was carried out in Delta State to examine, how unemployment in Delta State can be reduced through Agricultural Extension and Management programme. A purposive sampling technique was implored to select all the student of HND 1 and HND11 (2012/2013 session) from the Department of Agricultural Extension and Management .Distribution of respondents were HND I was 35 and HND 11 was 38. Data collected with the questionnaires were carefully assembled. The results obtained were systematically and scientifically organized and presented in tables. The simple percentage was used to present data.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of egg size, age of hen and storage period on fertility, hatchability, embryo mortality and chick malformations in eggs of japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	R. A. Othman, M .R. Amin, S. Rahman
	:	10.9790/2380-0714101106

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of egg size, age of hen and storage period of eggs before incubation on fertility, hatchability, embryo mortality and chick malformations in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The study was carried out in quail farm located at Tanah Merah, Kelantan. Totally 1441 eggs of quail were set into the incubator by applying 9 treatments groups: 3 groups for egg size (6-7 g, 8-9 g and 10-11 g), 3 groups for hen age (≥ 3 - <5 month, ≥5 - <8 month and ≥8 - <10 month) and 3 groups for egg storage period (≥ 4 - ≤6 days, ≥7 - ≤9 days and ≥10 - ≤14 days).

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