IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-14 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2020

Abstract: Twenty different bread brands and four wheat flour brands were randomly obtained from bakeries and retail outlets in Jalingo metropolis, North-eastern Nigeria. The samples were analysed for potassium bromate using standard methods. The results obtained revealed the presence of potassium bromate in all the bread and flour samples analysed. The concentration of bromate in the bread samples ranged from 2.51 – 11.52 μg/g while for the flour samples, the concentration ranged from 2.94 – 6.86 μg/g. This study shows that bakers in Jalingo, Nigeria still make use of potassium bromate as bread improver despite its ban in 1993 by the Nigerian National Agency for Food, Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). Many studies have established that potassium bromate can cause detrimental health effects in humans. This implies that Consumers of the investigated bread brands sold in Jalingo face potential health risks associated with ingestion of bromate.

Key word: Bread, Potassium Bromate, Jalingo, Flour

[1]. L.A. Alli , M. M. Nwegbu, B. I. Inyang, K. C. Nwachukwu, J. O. Ogedengbe, O. Onaadepo, M. A. Jamda, G.A. Akintan, S. O. Ibrahim and E. A. Onifade(2013).Determination of Potassium Bromate content in Selected Bread Samples in Gwagwalada, Abuja-Nigeria. Int J Health Nutr., 4(1),2013 15-20
[2]. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. OveraIl Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, supplement 7
[3]. CSE Study (2016). Potassium Bromate or Potassium Iodate in Bread and Bakery Products (PML/PR-49/2015). www.cseindia.org[4]. A.S. Ekop, I.B. Obot, E.N Ikpatt, Anti-Nutritional Factors and Potassium Bromate Content in Bread and Flour Samples in Uyo Metropolis, Nigerian E-J Chem. 5(4), 2008, 736-741.
[5]. FAO/WHO JECFA (1992) Joint Expert Committeeon Food Additives: Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants. FAO/WHOJECFA, Geneva, 25-33.

Abstract: Telsur (Hopea odorata Roxb.) is a large evergreen tree and currently assessed as vulnerable in IUCN Red list of threatened species. As a recalcitrant seed, it is very difficult to prolong the viability of Telsur seed by applying storage method. A nursery trial was conducted at National Forest Seed Centre, Seed Orchard Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chattogram to evaluate the effect of storage condition and duration on germination of Telsur seed. Telsur seed were stored at six different storage condition viz. open air (control), sand, chalk powder, normal refrigerator (0~40C), saw dust and ash for different storage durations viz. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 days. Storage condition, duration and their interaction were found significant on germination of Telsur....

Keywords: Hopea odorata, Telsur, germination, seed, storage condition.

[1]. Hossain, M. K. 2015. Silviculture of Plantation Trees of Bangladesh, 193–196 pp
[2]. Das, D. K. and Alam, M. K. 2001. Trees of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong. 176 pp
[3]. Troup, R. S. 1921. The Silviculture of Indian trees. Vol. 1, London, UK: Oxford University Press. 47 pp
[4]. IUCN 2012. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. (http://www. iucnredlist. org/details/33006/0). Accessed on 21 February, 2013.
[5]. Sakai A, Visaratana T, Vagharangkura T, Thai-Ngam R, Tanaka N, Ishizuka M & Nakamura S. 2009. Effect of species and spacing of fast-growing nurse trees on growth of an indigenous tree, Hopea odorata Roxb. in northeast Thailand. Forest Ecology and Management 257: 644 – 652

Abstract: Cashew nut kernels are important nut consumed in Nigeria due to their sensory and nutritional attributes. The effect of substitution of margarine with cashew nut butter in sausage roll production was studied. Cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) butter was produced and incorporated into the ingredients used for the production of sausage roll. Sensory evaluation was carried out at the Home Science Kitchen, Federal College of Agriculture, Ibadan. 30 panelists consisting of students of and members of staff who were familiar with eating sausage roll were employed for the process. Three sausage samples were produced, one made with commercial margarine which was the control, second with 100% cashew nut butter and the third with 50% margarine and 50% cashew......

Keywords: snacks, margarine, nuts, butter, cashew

[1]. FAOSTAT, Food and Agricultural Organization Statistics 2020 assessed 12/01/202 7:20pmwww.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC
[2]. Nitidae. The West African Cashew Section in 2018: General trends and country profiles. Analysis of Cashew production, processing and trade in West Africa.2019.www.nitidae.org.
[3]. T.F. Akinlamiand P.O. AkintokunChemical composition and physicochemical properties of cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) oil and cashew nut shell liquid Journal of Agricultural Food and Environmental Science (2) 1. 2015 1 – 10
[4]. FAO, Small – scale cashew nut processing by S. H. Azam and E.C. Judge ITDG Schumacher Centre for Technology and Development 2001 assessed 12/01/2020 7:45pm www.fao.org/ag/ags/agsi/Cashew/Cashew.html
[5]. L. E. Griffin and L. L. Dean. Nutrient Composition of Raw, Dry-Roasted, and Skin-On Cashew Nuts. Journal of Food Research; Vol. 6, No. 6; 2017 13 – 28

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a public health problem and a global health threat which scientific evidence has indicated individual's nutritional status as one of its contributing factors. Critical assessment of this contributing factor will help in reducing its prevalence. The study assessed the nutritional status and prevalence of diabetes among the elderly residing in Ilaro. It was descriptive and cross-sectional in design involving two hundred and fifty (250) elderlypeople. A semi-structured and interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtained data on socio-demographic characteristics. Anthropometric measurements {weight (kg) and height (m)} were taken, body mass index {BMI (kg/m2)} was calculated and nutritional status indices were classified using World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Blood glucose test was carried out using Glucometer. Data were analyzed using SPSS......

Keywords: Blood glucose level, Nutritional status, Elderly

[1]. World Health Organization Health Statistics and Health Information System.Summary of technical meeting, Geneva, 2003.
[2]. World Food Programme.Comprehensive Food Security & Vulnerability Analysis Guidelines. January 2009, World Food Programme (WFP), Food Security Analysis Service, 2009.
[3]. America Diabetes Association (2002). Evidence-based nutrition principles and recommendations for the treatment and prevention of diabetes and related complications. Diabetes Care,25(1): 202–12.
[4]. American Diabetes Association (2008). Nutrition Recommendations and Interventions for Diabetes: A position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 31(1):61–78.
[5]. America Diabetes Association (2014). Diagnosing diabetes and learning about Pre-diabetes. http://www.diabetes.org/are-you-at-risk/prediabetes/?loc=superfooter

Abstract: This research entitled "Risk Level Analysis of Sumatera Elephants Conflict (Elephas maximus sumatranus) with Humans at SubulussalamThe Province of Aceh". This aimed this research is to determined the risk level analysis of Sumatera Elephant conflict (Elephas maximus sumatranus) with humans. The reseacrh was conducted in January 2019 until July 2019. The research method used was a survey method (observation). The research approach is a quantitative descriptive approach. The subject of the study was the Sumatera Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus). The research sample taken by purposive random sampling is residents who often experience conflicts with Sumatera Elephants in Subulussalam. Data instruments in the form of questionnaire sheets. The data....

Keywords: Risk level, Sumatera Elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus).

[1]. Abdullah; Asiah. &Japisa, T. (2010). Habitat Characteristics of the Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in the Selawah Ecosystem in the District of Aceh Besar. Scientific Journal of Biological Education, Educational Biology, 4 (1): 41-45.
[2]. Abdullah; Sayuti, A .; Hasanuddin; Affan, M. & Wilson, G. (2019). People's Perceptions of Elephant Conservation and the Human-Elephant Conflict in Aceh Jaya, Sumatra, Indonesia. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 65-69.
[3]. Alikodra, H.S. (1987). Benefits of National Parks for Surrounding Communities. Conservation Media. 1 (3): 13-20.
[4]. Amri, R.M .; Yulianti, G .; Yunus, R .; Wiguna, S .; Adi, W.A., Ichwana, N.G .; Evans, R. &Septian, R.T. (2016). Indonesian Disaster Risk. Jakarta: RBI.
[5]. Ananda, R. &Fadhli, M. (2008). Educational Statistics Theory and Practice in Education. Medan: CV. WidyaPuspita.
[6]. Subulussalam City Central Statistics Agency. (2019). Subulussalam City in Figures 2019. BPS Subulussalam: CV. Various Printing.

Abstract: Background: Synthetic dyes that are routinely used in various industries are becoming a threat to our environment if emitted without treatment. Previous studies were performed to detect textile dye degradation by isolates collected from effluents of textile industries. Here, our study was designed to investigate whether indigenous Bacillus spp. collected from garden soil was able to degrade hazardous crystal violet (CV) dye. Materials and Methods: In this regard, we collected soil samples from a garden, diluted and plated on nutrient agar (NA) media. After incubation, the isolates were subjected to amylase activity to primarily screen Bacillus spp. The isolates with amylolytic activity were exposed to physiological, cultural and biochemical examinations to presumptively identify.....

Key words: Bacillus spp.; Crystal Violet; Decolorization; Garden soil; Textile dyes.

[1]. Getoff N. Factors influencing the efficiency of radiation induced degradation of water pollutant. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 2002; 65: 437-46.
[2]. Real GDP growth: Annual percent change. Inf.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
[3]. Spadaro JT, Isabelle L, Renganathan V. Hydroxyl radical mediated degradation of azo dyes: evidence for benzene generation. Environmental Science and Technology. 1994; 28(7): 1389-93.
[4]. Mittal A, Kurup L, Gupta VK. Use of waste materials--Bottom Ash and De-Oiled Soya, as potential adsorbents for the removal of Amaranth from aqueous solutions. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2005; 117: 171-178.
[5]. Sharma S, Sharma S, Singh PK, Swami RC, Sharma KP. Exploring Fish Bioassay of Textile Dye Waste waters and Their Selected Constituents in Terms of Mortality and Erythrocyte Disorders. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2009; 83: 29-34.

Abstract: Fungus has the ability to take up Chromium during the stationary phase of growth. Response of live fungal strain to different chromium concentrations 100 to 500 ppm was investigated in laboratory scale at different time interval (72, 96 and 120 hrs). Maximum biomass growth and chromium removal rate at pH, 5.0 was investigated, which is continuously increasing with time. Initially 0.04 g of live fungal biomass was added to the waste effluent having different concentration of Chromium (VI) (pH=5, temperature=28ºC, 150 rpm, and glucose as carbon source for fungus). As the Chromium (VI) concentration is increasing in the effluent the biomass growth and chromium removal rate were found as 0.54 g and 99.36% ; 0.34 g and 99.51% ; 0.34 g and 99.38% ; 0.24 g and 99.36% ; and.....

Index Terms: Adsorption, live fungal biomass, kinetics study Freundlich isotherm, Hexavalent chromium.

[1]. Abou., S.R.A, Ghanem., K, Ghanem., N, Kalaiben., A.L, (2008), The role of bacteria on heavy metal extraction and uptake by plants growing on multi metal contaminated soils, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 24: 253 – 262.
[2]. Acevedo., A, Wrobel., F.A., Lokits., K, Caruso., K, Coreño., J.A, Alonso., A, Corona., G, Wrobel., J.F, (2008), Analytical speciation of chromium in in-vitro cultures of chromate- resistant filamentous fungi. Analytical Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol. 392 : 269-276.
[3]. Adekunle., I.M, Bangbose., O, Adetunji., M.T, and Lanre- Iyanda., Y.A, (2010), Impact of unremediated solid waste dumpsite converted to farmland on plant cadmium phytoaccumulation and toxicity, Journal of applied sciences in Environmental Sanitation, vol.27 : 226-238.
[4]. Ajmal., M, A., Mohammad, R., Yousuf., A, (1998), Adsorption behaviour of Cadmium, Zinc, Nickel and Lead from aqueous solutions by Mangifera Indica seed shell. Bangladeshn J. Environ. Health, vol. 40 : 15-26.
[5]. Anuradha., A, (2005), Adsorption of copper in sewage irrigated soils, Journal of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Monitoring, vol. 15 : 341-345.

Abstract: In Nigeria the Estate Surveyor and Valuer has been bestowed with the responsibility of interpreting the value of Assets for various purposes. In the face of current world focus on Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, scholars have called for a systems approach where all professionals should contribute their quota towards making our environment better. This paper therefore tries to examine variable environmental assets for Environmental Valuation in the Nigeria. The paper equally discussed the importance of these variable assets and tried to suggest strategies for their conservation, management and proper valuation. The study adapted the descriptive research method and data was collected mainly from secondary sources. The paper recommended.....

Keywords: Environment, Environmental Assets, Valuation, Environmental Valuation, Sustainable Development, Variable Assets.

[1]. Aniagolu, C. O. (2009); Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): A Road Map to Sustainable Development in Nigeria. Being a Paper Presented During A One-Day MCPD Workshop Organised by NIESV Enugu Branch in Collaboration with ESVARBON at Banquet Hall, Modotels, Enugu. Theme: MDGs and the Estate Surveyor and Valuer, 8th October, 2009
[2]. Aniagolu, C. O., Iyi, E. A. and Ugwuanyi, B. C. (2018); An Examination of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Valuation Methodologies in Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Science Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR – JESTF) 12(9) pp. 72 – 80 www.iosrjournals.org.
[3]. Aina, E. O. A. (1992); Environmental Considerations in the Valuation of Properties, Monument and Artifacts and Expectation of FEPA from Estate Surveyors and Valuers. The Estate Surveyor and Valuer. July 1992
[4]. Ajayi, P.O. (2003); "Comprehensive Geography for Senior Secondary Schools" A. Johnson Publishers, Surulere Lagos, Nigeria.
[5]. Asthana, D. K. and Asthana, M. (2012); "A Textbook of Environmental Studies" S. Chand Publishing, A Division of S.Chand & Company Ltd, New Delli India.