IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-14 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2020

Abstract: Seasonal Variability of Heavy in water and sediments of Upper River in Yola Adamawa State was investigated from May 2018 to April 2019. Water and sediments were sampled in both wet and dry season. Sediments were sampled from seabed surface using a homemade Auger sampling device.Heavy metals Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in the water and sediment samples were determined as described using a Buck Scientific 200A model, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS)and the values obtained were expressed in milligram per liter (mg/l) and milligram per kilogram (mg/kg) respectively. Data obtained in this study were subjected to descriptive statistics to establish means, standard errors, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the mean significant......

Key Words: Season, Upper River Benue, Pollution, Heavy metals, Water, Sediments.

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Abstract: Environmental exposure to lead is becoming a serious burden afflicting human, animals and environmental quality. Exposure tolead induces oxidative stress and causes deterioration of antioxidant defence system. Interaction between blood lead and endogenous antioxidants eventually cause oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study evaluates the influence of blood lead on antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), antioxidant glutathione molecule (GSH) and end product of lipid peroxidation (MDA) level in individuals environmentally exposed to lead. One hundred individuals from lead polluted villages of Zamfara State, Nigeria, with mean age of 36.17±0.86 years were recruited as study subjects and compared....

Keywords: Exposure, Blood lead level, Oxidative stress, Antioxidant enzymes

[1]. Adegbasan, B. O. and Adenuga, G. A. (2007). Effect of Lead Exposure on Liver Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Defense System of Protein-undernourished Rats. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 116: 219-225
[2]. Ahamed, M., Akhtar, M. J., Verma, S., Kumar, A. and Siddiqui, M. K. J. (2011). Environmental Lead Exposure as a Risk for Childhood Aplastic Anemia. Biosci Trends 5(1):38–43
[3]. Ahamed, M., Fareed, M., Kumar, A., Siddiqui, W. A and Siddiqui, M. K. J. (2008). Oxidative Stress and Neurological Disorders in relation to Blood Lead levels in Children. Redox Rep 13(3):117–122
[4]. Ahamed, M., Verma, S., Kumar, A and Siddiqui, M. K. (2006). Delta-aminolevulinic acid Dehydratase Inhibition and Oxidative Stress in relation to Blood Lead among Urban Adolescents. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 25:547-553.
[5]. Assi, M. A., Mohd Noor, M. H., Abd Wahid, H., MohdYusof, M. S. and Mohd Ali, R.(2016). The detrimental effects of lead on human and animal health Veterinary World, 9(6): 660 671.

Abstract: Khanor is a tall, deciduous tree found from 1800 to 3000 m altitude in Tehsil Thunag of mandi district Himachal Pradesh. Plant is closely intermingled with life style of local people and is excellent source of food, medicine and income for local people. It belongs to botanical family Sapindaceae and also known as khanot in local dialect. Scientific name of Khanor is Aesculus indica(Colebr. ex Cambess.) and it is commonly known as "Indian Horse Tree". Khanor is a multipurpose tree for the inhabitants of the area and can be used as source of food, fuel, fodder, medicine, wood and other material. Tree is commonly seen growing in wet temperate forests, shady ravines and other shady moist.....

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Abstract: Rivers are the most vital freshwater resources in the world. In Dar es Salaam city, anthropogenic activity stresses the quantity and quality of water resources especially in heavy metal levels. The heavy metals contamination of rivers, sediments and hence consumable food materials remains a global threat to biodiversity and humans. This study was carried out to assess the heavy metals contamination in Mpiji River water, sediments and hence pumpkin which are irrigated by respective river water. Selected heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn) were analyzed using an inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer after HNO3/HCl/H2O (1:2:3) digestion. The mean concentration of cadmium (Cd) at sampling sites ranges from < 0.001 - 0.03 mg/kg (pumpkin), < 0.001 – 0.04 mg/L (river water) and < 0.001 – 0.06 mg/kg (sediment) while quantity of zinc was detected in ranges from 0.02 – 0.07 mg/L, 2.86 – 2.97 mg/kg and 41.07 – 45.63 mg/kg in water, sediment and pumpking seeds respectively. So continued uses of products contaminated with such heavy metals could be significant sources of human exposure and may be linked with harmful effects. Therefore, recommends there must be regular monitoring of heavy metals in sediment, river water and foodstuffs to prevent excessive accrual in food chain.

Keywords: heavy metals, contamination, food chain, fruit seeds, consumption habit

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[3]. Basha, A. M., Yasovardhan, N., Satyanarayana, R. S. V., Subba, G. V. and Kumar, A. V. (2014), Trace Metals in Vegetables and Fruits Cultivated around the Surroundings of Tummalapalle Uranium Mining Site, Andhra Pradesh, India, Toxicology Reports 1:505 – 512.
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Abstract: Great emphasis is put in the retrieval of natural dyes which are nowadays gaining popularity due to their green approach. Three different plants were selected in this study. A comparison was made between two different extraction techniques which are the microwave oven and magnetic stirrer. The results obtained demonstrated that the extraction yield using microwave technique was higher than that of magnetic stirrer for all the three different selected plants for the study. The experiments were conducted using different SSR of 1/15, 1/20 and 1/25, at different agitation speeds (100rpm, 150rpm and 200rpm), microwave oven powers (low, medium and high), and solvent composition (50% methanol 50% water, 30% methanol 70% water and 70% methanol 30% water) at selected particle size of 0.45mm.

Keywords: Magnetic Stirrer, Microwave, Agitation Speed, solid: solvent, Methanol-Water, Power, Lawsonia Inermis, Cochspermum tinctorium, Parkia Biglobosa

[1]. Ali S, Hussain T, Nawaz R (2009), Optimization of alkaline extraction of natural dye from Henna leaves and its dyeing on cotton by exhaust method, Journal of Cleaner Production, 17, 61-66
[2]. Guesmi A, Hamadi NB, Ladhari N and Sakli F (2012), Dyeing properties and color fastness of wool dyed with indicaxanthin natural dye, Industrial Crops and Products, 37, 493-499.
[3]. Guesmi A, Hamadi NB, Ladhari N and Sakli F (2013), Sonicator dyeing of modified acrylic fabrics with indicaxanthin natural dye, Industrial Crops and Products, 42, 63-69.
[4]. Manley JB, Anastas PT, Cue BW (2008), Frontiers in Green Chemistry: meeting the grand challenges for sustainability in R&D and manufacturing, Journal of Cleaner Production, 16, 743-750.
[5]. Mirjalili M, Nazarpoor K and Karimi L (2011), Eco-friendly dyeing of wool using natural dye from weld as co-partner with synthetic dye, Journal of Cleaner Production, 19, 1045-1051

Abstract: A study was done to investigate the spider composition at Sungai Gabai and Sungai Tekala Recreational Forest Parks located at Hulu Langat, Selangor, Malaysia. The sampling was done along the riparian area of the river stream. A total of 26 individuals of spiders were collected from both recreational forest park and comprised of 8 families: Tetragnathidae, Oxyopidae, Araneidae, Salticidae, Sparassidae, Nephilidae, Theridiidae and Lycosidae. There were 142 individuals and 14 species collected from the Sungai Gabai Recreational Forrst Park, and 119 individuals and 14 species collected from Sungai Tekala Recreational Forest Park. Tetragnathidae spiders have dominated both Sungai Gabai and Sungai Tekala Recreational Forest Park with 81% and 61% of total.....

Keywords: Diversity, Hulu Langat, recreational forest park, spiders

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Abstract: Growing rate of population influences enhancement of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. Municipal Solid Waste contains household and commercial refuse including paper, textiles, food and vegetable waste and wood and non-degradable materials; leather, plastics, rubbers, metals, glass and electronic waste. The current study reviews recent scenario of municipal solid waste system in Vadodara city, which revealed that solid waste system needs to be modified scientifically to manage non-biodegradable components. Solid waste samples of two seasons were collected from three dumping sites and landfill area in Vadodara, to determine non-biodegradable components of MSW. A comparison of ten-year old and daily waste, revealed polyethylene bags and food wrappers to be the major cause for plastic pollution. Much of municipal solid waste gets dumped in the open landfills, causing health risks to residents in their locality. This may cause a high risk of contamination of ground water/surface water, soil and air.

Keywords: Municipal Solid Waste, Waste Management system, Vadodara city

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[4]. Kumar, J.S., Subbaiah, K.V. and Rao, P.V.V.P. 2014. Municipal solid waste management scenario in India. Australian Journal of Engineering and Technology Research. 2 : 1-8.
[5]. Sharholy, M., Ahmad, K., Mahmood, G., & Trivedi, R. C. (2008). Municipal solid waste management in Indian cities–A review. Waste management. 28(2) : 459-467..

Abstract: Bangladesh produces a huge amount of Banana (Musa sapientum L.) every year but the postharvest loss of these produces is almost 25-40% due to lack of proper storage methods. The aim of the study was to make an effort to preserve the green banana by using an edible coating of starch, chitosan and mixture of starch and chitosan and studying the quality parameters during storing and air dried green banana slices. The coating of starch, chitosan and mixture of starch and chitosan with same concentration (1%) were applied to evaluate its effects on retention of nutritional compounds in air dried banana at various drying temperature 50˚C, 60˚C & 70˚ C. The pH value, total soluble solids (TSS), titrable acidity, total antioxidant scavenging activity, concentration of ascorbic acid, total phenolic content of air dried bananas were determined. The results demonstrated that, mixture of starch and chitosan coating retained a significant amount of bioactive compounds and lower drying temperature showed the lower percentage losses in all cases of coating. Ascorbic acid retention of 70.93% was found......

Keywords: Banana, post-harvest loss, starch coating, chitosan coating, Biopreservatives, hot air drying, shelf-life extension.

[1]. Sikder, M.B.H. and M.M. Islam, Effect of Shrimp Chitosan Coating on Physico-chemical Properties and Shelf Life Extension of Banana. International Journal of Engineering Technology and Sciences, 2019. 6(1): p. 41-54.
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[3]. Menezes, E.W., et al., Chemical composition and nutritional value of unripe banana flour (Musa acuminata, var. Nanicão). Plant foods for human nutrition, 2011. 66(3): p. 231-237.
[4]. Hossain, M., et al., Postharvest loss assessment of major fruits grown in hill regions of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 2017. 42(1): p. 171-184.
[5]. Malmiri, J.H., et al., Evaluation of effectiveness of three cellulose derivative-based edible coatings on changes of physico-chemical characteristics of'Berangan'banana (Musa sapientum cv. Berangan) during storage at ambient conditions. International food research journal, 2011. 18(4): p. 1381.